Abstract：
:The eye lens is a transparent and avascular organ in the front of the eye that is responsible for focusing light onto the retina in order to transmit a clear image. A monolayer of epithelial cells covers the anterior hemisphere of the lens, and the bulk of the lens is made up of elongated and differentiated fiber cells. Lens fiber cells are very long and thin cells that are supported by sophisticated cytoskeletal networks, including actin filaments at cell junctions and the spectrin-actin network of the membrane skeleton. In this review, we highlight the proteins that regulate diverse actin filament networks in the lens and discuss how these actin cytoskeletal structures assemble and function in epithelial and fiber cells. We then discuss methods that have been used to study actin in the lens and unanswered questions that can be addressed with novel techniques.
journal_name
Exp Eye Resjournal_title
Experimental eye researchauthors
Cheng C,Nowak RB,Fowler VMdoi
10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-03-01 00:00:00pages
58-71eissn
0014-4835issn
1096-0007pii
S0014-4835(16)30035-5journal_volume
156pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The goal of this study was to investigate the efflux of K(+) from human corneal limbal epithelial cells (HCLE) exposed to ambient levels of UVB, which is known to cause apoptosis, and to examine the effect of K(+) channel blockers on loss of potassium induced by UVB. HCLE cells were exposed to 100-200 mJ/cm(2) UVB, fo...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2011.02.019
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex steroids impact regulation of the ocular surface tissues and thus influence dry eye. Most tissues in the human body synthesise and metabolise active sex steroids at levels required by the tissue. This is likely to also be the case for humans in ocular surface tissues. This study investigated the presence and quant...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.015
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study sought to pharmacologically characterize bradykinin receptors on SV40-immortalized human trabecular meshwork (HTM3) cells. Phosphoinositide (PI) turnover studies were conducted using [3H]myo-inositol-labeled HTM3 cells and anion exchange chromatography to quantify [3H]inositol phosphates generated in respon...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exer.1996.0157
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in the optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1) gene give rise to human autosomal dominant optic atrophy. The purpose of this study is to investigate OPA1 protein expression in the human retina and optic nerve. A rabbit polyclonal antiserum was generated using a fusion protein covering amino acids 647 to 808 of the human...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2006.06.004
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The DBA/2 mouse has been used as a model for spontaneous secondary glaucoma. We attempted to determine the in vivo time course and spatial distribution of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) undergoing apoptotic death in DBA/2 mice. Female DBA/2 mice, 3, 9-10, 12, 15, and 18 months of age, received intravitreal injections o...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2006.08.009
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) regulates expression of over 60 genes by binding to hypoxia response elements (HRE) located upstream of the transcriptional start sites. Many genes encoding proteins involved in iron transport and homeostasis are regulated by HIF. Expression of iron handling proteins can also be translat...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2014.05.010
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photoreceptor outer segments (OS) in the vertebrate retina undergo a process of continual renewal involving shedding of disc membranes that are cleared by phagocytic uptake into the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats, OS phagocytosis is blocked by a mutation in the gen...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2015.08.006
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to hyposmotic solution causes release of ATP from lens cells via hemichannels. Because hemichannel opening feasibly could swamp the cells with calcium, we carried out studies to measure the magnitude of the increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration caused by hemichannel opening. In studies on porcine lens...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.012
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TGFβ2 induces extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and alters the cytoskeleton by both the canonical Smad and non-canonical signaling pathways. TGFβ2 regulates the expression of ECM proteins in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, increases intraocular pressure (IOP) in an ex vivo perfusion organ culture model, and induce...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2013.10.017
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Na,K-ATPase was detected in crude microsomes of guinea-pig retinal layers, cornea and lens by immunoblotting using antibodies generated against purified kidney Na,K-ATPase. The antiserum cross-reacted with the alpha catalytic subunit of the enzyme from the eye tissues but not the beta glycoprotein subunit, suggesting ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(85)90136-8
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein myristoylation occurs when the 14 carbon fatty acid, myristic acid, is covalently attached by amide linkage to a protein's N -terminal glycine by an N -terminal myristoyltransferase (NMT). A variation of this called heterogeneous acylation occurs in vivo only in retina when specific proteins are modified by my...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exer.2002.1189
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dietary restriction can effectively extend lifespan and retard many age-related debilities. One hypothesis to explain the beneficial effects of dietary restriction is that it prolongs maintenance of cellular homeostasis by limiting endogenous oxidative stress and preserves oxidative defense mechanisms during aging. As...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4835(95)80058-1
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tear samples were collected from 46 healthy volunteers evenly distributed according to sex and age (mean age 43.5 years). Samples were denatured in a Tris-HCl sample buffer containing 2-mercaptoethanol and SDS, and applied to a gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gel for electrophoresis. The proteinaceous material was transfe...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(91)90160-g
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcus is a leading cause of microbial keratitis, characterized by destruction of the cornea by bacterial exoproteins and host-associated factors. The aim of this study was to compare extracellular and cell-associated proteins produced by two different isolates of S. aureus, a virulent clinical isolate (Staph ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2016.08.016
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) has been shown to enhance survival of lens epithelial cells (LECs) against stress. The objectives of these studies are to determine how LEDGF controls PKC gamma activity in normal LECs: how this control of PKC gamma regulates the phosphorylation of Connexin 43, the inhibit...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4835(03)00049-6
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cornea is a self-renewing tissue located at the front of the eye. Its transparency is essential for allowing light to focus onto the retina for visual perception. The continuous renewal of corneal epithelium is supported by limbal stem cells (LSCs) which are located in the border region between conjunctiva and cor...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2016.09.008
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An investigation was undertaken to expand the data base for elemental concentrations within eye tissues of different species. This report provides data on the distribution of calcium, copper, iron and zinc in human, dog, bovine, bird, amphibian and fish ocular tissues. The variation between different eyes of the same ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(83)90138-0
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transmural electrical properties of the isolated rabbit iris-ciliary body (I-CB) were measured in Ussing-Zerahn-type chambers. Control p.d. across the preparation was -1.2 +/- 0.1 mV, with the ciliary process (aqueous)-side consistently negative with respect to the ciliary body (blood)-side and the short-circuit curre...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4835(84)90096-4
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinal lesions in the posterior pole of laboratory mice occur due to native, developmental abnormalities or as a consequence of environmental or experimental conditions. In this study, we investigated the rate and extent of retinal lesions as a result of prolonged ocular exposure following general anesthesia. Followi...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.012
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell-mediated extracellular matrix contraction is believed to contribute to developing proliferative vitreoretinopathy. It has been shown that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its intracellular signaling pathway, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatid...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2005.08.014
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) can occur following blunt trauma to the orbit and can lead to permanent vision loss. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of elamipretide (MTP-131), a small mitochondrially-targeted tetrapeptide, in conjunction with etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor, as ne...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2020.108178
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myopia is one of the leading ocular disorders causing visual impairment worldwide, with the prevalence increasing rapidly. It's a significant global public health concern in 21st century. Myopia, particularly high myopia, often exhibits apparent familial aggregation, and multiple evidences have shown that genetic fact...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2019.107778
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that ambient lighting at night influences eye growth and might play a causal role in human myopia. To test this hypothesis, we reared newly hatched chicks under 12 hr light-dark or light-dim cycles with a light phase intensity of 1500 microW/cm(2) and variable dim phase intensities between 0.01 a...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2004.08.007
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injection of herpes simplex virus vectors into the vitreous of primate eyes induces an acute, transient uveitis. The purpose of this study was to characterize innate immune responses of macaque neural retina tissue to the herpes simplex virus type 1-based gene delivery vector hrR3. PCR array analysis demonstrated the ...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2016.05.003
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common malignant intraocular tumor primarily affecting children. Multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins (P-gp and MRPs) mediated chemoresistance have been considered as a major cause of treatment failure in treatment of RB. Ocular cells have shown good tolerability against moxifloxacin (MFX). Hen...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2013.10.009
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proliferation, migration and transdifferentiation of the remaining lens epithelial cells (LECs) after cataract surgery are a major cause of posterior capsular opacification (PCO). It has previously been reported that salmosin, a novel disintegrin, significantly inhibits solid tumor growth in mice by perturbation o...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exer.2001.1150
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the nature of the 140 kDa glycoprotein in the trabecular meshwork, polypeptides were extracted with either urea/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/beta-2-mercaptoethanol (BME) or guanidine hydrochloride followed by pepsin digestion. After electrophoresis and immunoblotting with anti-type-VI-collagen antibodie...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exer.1994.1006
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) binds specifically to the human corneal epithelium. We investigated this phenomenon to identify the binding material in the tissue. Sections of human cornea were immunostained with negative-control grade rabbit IgG, F(ab')(2) (the antigen recognition fragment of IgG yielded by pepsin dige...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2004.01.006
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endostatin is an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor which requires E-selectin for its antiangiogenic activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of endostatin in human choroidal neovascular membranes (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with regard to vascularization and proli...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.exer.2005.12.017
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study tested the hypothesis that the beta-adrenergic antagonists betaxolol and timolol, cause retinal arteriolar vasodilatation in addition to their ability to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), and compared their vasodilatory ability with that of a known Ca2+ channel entry blocker nimodipine in donor human and p...
journal_title：Experimental eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exer.1998.0495
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
