Abstract:
:It has been shown in rodents and newborn babies that brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in the generation of heat for maintenance of core body temperature. BAT is responsible for the process of adaptive thermogenesis, which involves heat generation in response to a drop in the environment's temperature or to high energy intake from diet. In rodents, the process of BAT thermogenesis is controlled by activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), which has a protective effect against development of obesity. Previously, it was generally thought that in humans, BAT dissipated after childhood and adopted an insignificant role in human physiology. However, over the past few years, it has been discovered that adult humans still possess fully functional BAT. Through imaging with F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans, it has been determined that not only does human BAT exist, but also it is still responsive to stimuli, such as a drop in the environment's temperature. Although some evidence exists for β3-AR control of BAT thermogenesis in humans, this fact remains unclear due to a lack of highly selective β3-AR agonists and antagonists which have an effect on the human body. With further investigation on thermogenesis receptor control and effect of BAT metabolism on whole body energy expenditure, BAT may serve as a potential target for the treatment and prevention of obesity and other metabolic conditions in humans.
journal_name
Cardiol Revjournal_title
Cardiology in reviewauthors
Mund RA,Frishman WHdoi
10.1097/CRD.0b013e31829cabffsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-11-01 00:00:00pages
265-9issue
6eissn
1061-5377issn
1538-4683journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is becoming an increasing concern for patients and clinicians alike as the use of radiation therapy for the treatment of certain malignancies increases, and patient mortality secondary to neoplasms of the thorax, in particular Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer, decreases. The ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3182431c23
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women in industrialized nations. Optimizing cardiovascular risk reduction is therefore of paramount importance, particularly among postmenopausal women, in whom the incidence of cardiovascular disease is highest. Accumulated data from a serie...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00045415-200301000-00003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography represents a novel, simple, and reproducible technique for the estimation of left ventricular myocardial deformation (strain) and the evaluation of left ventricular twist mechanics. During the last few years, its clinical and prognostic implications in cardiomyopathies...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000172
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ever-increasing complexity of medical device therapy and installation of public electronic security systems demands vigilance in discerning interactions that may be harmful to patients during typical activities of daily living. Premature pacemaker stimulation, isolated skipped beats, or reversion to backup asynchr...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00045415-200101000-00004
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a case of spontaneous coronary artery rupture associated with amphetamine abuse in a 31-year-old woman. The patient presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of central chest pain and a normal electrocardiogram. Cardiac enzymes were consistent with acute myocardial infarction. Drug screening wa...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000132372.38506.45
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (MI-CS) is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Predictors of outcomes in MI-CS include clinical, laboratory, radiologic variables, and management strategies. This article reviews the existing literature on short- and long-term predictors ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000190
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis develops and rapidly progresses in saphenous veins grafts after coronary bypass surgery. In contrast to native coronary artery, percutaneous revascularization does not impede the progression of saphenous vein atherosclerosis and saphenous vein graft failure commonly ensues. The protracted patency of ar...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000277
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular magnetic resonance using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) provides a unique opportunity to assess myocardial tissue in vivo. LGE enables tissue characterization in ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies and other cardiac diseases. LGE is associated with adverse clinical outcomes across a range of di...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000002
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocarditis represents a heterogeneous final common pathway for myocardial inflammation of diverse etiologies and accounts for up to one-third of cases of dilated cardiomyopathy. The pathophysiology of viral myocarditis can be disaggregated into the effects of direct viral mediated injury, triggered acute and chronic ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31806450c4
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increased life expectancy of women living in industrialized countries is associated with an increase in diseases dependent or facilitated by a state of estrogen deficiency, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Several studies have shown that estrogen replacement therapy reduces the occurrence of co...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00045415-200201000-00010
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute pericarditis (AP) is basically a clinical diagnosis. Although specific electrocardiographic (ECG) manifestations may indeed point to its diagnosis, sole reliance on such findings in isolation of the clinical setting, however, is often the common pitfall that could lead to a misguided diagnosis. We briefly review...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000210645.89717.34
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), characterized by diffuse intimal thickening and luminal narrowing in the arteries of the allograft, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiac transplant recipients. Many transplant centers perform routine annual surveillance coronary angiography. However, angiogra...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181fbde2f
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia with significant morbidity and public health cost. Because of limitations of efficacy and safety of conventional antiarrhythmic agents, alternative therapies for AF are needed. The potential antiarrhythmic properties of lipid-altering therapy, including the 3-hyd...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e318177271d
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is an uncommon form of arrhythmia characterized by an increased heart rate that is out of proportion to a normal physiologic demand. The etiology of IST remains ill-defined and controversial. Clinical presentation of IST is highly variable, from isolated to sustained palpitations,...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31822f0b3e
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a sexual dimorphism in blood pressure: men tend to have higher blood pressures than women with functional ovaries, whereas ovariectomy or menopause tends to abolish the sexual dimorphism and cause women to develop a "male" pattern of blood pressure. Synthetic estrogens and progestins, found in oral contracept...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00045415-199811000-00012
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we critically evaluate the evidence relating to the effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Strong evidence indicating that the MD prevents CVD has come from prospective cohort studies. However, there is only weak supporting evidence from randomized controll...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000222
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disabling chronic disorder of the pulmonary vasculature, which is characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure as a result of increased pulmonary vascular resistance. The pathology of PAH is characterized by pulmonary vascular vasoconstriction, smooth muscle cell prol...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181d4e921
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heart valve prostheses carry a risk for thrombosis and require an antithrombotic strategy to prevent stroke, systemic embolism, and prosthetic valve thrombosis. Contemporary randomized trials to guide the clinician on the optimal anticoagulant treatment are scarce, and the validity of the historical data for current r...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3182638578
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computed tomography is an established tool in the assessment of cardiac anatomy and function. As demonstrated by single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance, the noninvasive evaluation of coronary hemodynamics is an important step in guiding clinical management. Nev...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000242
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has become a mainstay therapy to improve clinical outcomes of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and a wide QRS complex, in addition to guideline-directed medical therapy. As clinical experience with CRT continues to expand, the device and lead design, along wit...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000127
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale represent forms of precapillary pulmonary hypertension due to intrinsic lung disease. In the case of primary pulmonary hypertension, this is due to disease of the pulmonary vasculature while cor pulmonale is related to diseases of the pulmonary vasculature, airways, or ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00045415-200209000-00003
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Valvular endocarditis after percutaneous coronary intervention is unusual. We report a new case of mitral valve endocarditis after stent implantation to a saphenous vein graft. ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000128842.48947.21
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Underlying causes, risk factors, and precipitating causes of heart failure (HF) should be treated. Drugs known to precipitate or aggravate HF such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs should be stopped. Patients with HF and a low left ventricular ejection fraction (systolic heart failure) or normal ejection fraction...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000175289.87583.e5
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety outcomes compared with vitamin K antagonists for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism and the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, their role in the management...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000188
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management of patients with coronary artery disease is a major challenge for physicians, patients, and the healthcare system. Chest pain experienced by patients with coronary disease can be of noncardiac origin, and symptoms frequently related to gastroesophageal etiologies. The distal esophagus and the heart share a ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000148844.13702.ce
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a common syndrome with diverse etiologies and precipitating factors, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Tremendous resources are used in treating this syndrome, with few prospectively designed clinical trials to guide therapy. Patients suffering fr...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e318214022b
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An estimated 400,000 coronary artery bypass graft operations are performed annually in the United States. Saphenous vein grafts are the most commonly used conduits; however, graft failure is common. In contrast, left internal mammary artery grafts have more favorable long-term patency rates. Guidelines recommend aggre...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000261
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for dyslipidemia as a result of the disease itself and from certain classes of antiretroviral therapy. The protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors have been associated with elevated triglycerides, total, and low-den...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181903b7f
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eisenmenger syndrome is characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and right-to-left shunting of blood through a systemic to pulmonary circulation connection. Treatment requires either lung transplantation with intracardiac repair or heart-lung transplantation. There are inadequate data regarding treatmen...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000181618.29506.1e
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Automated validated devices should be used for measuring blood pressure (BP). A systolic BP between 120 and 129 mm Hg with a diastolic BP < 80 mm Hg should be treated by lifestyle measures. Lifestyle measures plus BP lowering drugs should be used for secondary prevention of recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) event...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000187
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00