Abstract:
:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has become a mainstay therapy to improve clinical outcomes of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and a wide QRS complex, in addition to guideline-directed medical therapy. As clinical experience with CRT continues to expand, the device and lead design, along with implantation techniques, have evolved as well. However, there is a significant proportion of patients with heart failure who do not have a favorable response to CRT. In this review article, we will discuss how to maximize the response to CRT, which includes patient characteristics, device features, positioning of the lead, and device programming. We will also discuss the ongoing efforts to improve CRT.
journal_name
Cardiol Revjournal_title
Cardiology in reviewauthors
Ng CY,Heist EKdoi
10.1097/CRD.0000000000000127subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
6-11issue
1eissn
1061-5377issn
1538-4683journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia with significant morbidity and public health cost. Because of limitations of efficacy and safety of conventional antiarrhythmic agents, alternative therapies for AF are needed. The potential antiarrhythmic properties of lipid-altering therapy, including the 3-hyd...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e318177271d
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a sequela of a number of disparate diseases, often with a fatal consequence. Endothelial dysfunction is considered to be an early event during the development of PAH. Impaired availability of bioactive nitric oxide (NO) is a key underlying feature in most forms of clinical and ex...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000249381.49138.b9
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnesium, the fourth most abundant cation in the human body, is involved in several essential physiological, biochemical, and cellular processes regulating cardiovascular function. It plays a critical role in modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, endothelial cell function, and myocardial excitability and is thus ce...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000003
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been shown in rodents and newborn babies that brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in the generation of heat for maintenance of core body temperature. BAT is responsible for the process of adaptive thermogenesis, which involves heat generation in response to a drop in the environment's temperature...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31829cabff
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography represents a novel, simple, and reproducible technique for the estimation of left ventricular myocardial deformation (strain) and the evaluation of left ventricular twist mechanics. During the last few years, its clinical and prognostic implications in cardiomyopathies...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000172
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety outcomes compared with vitamin K antagonists for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism and the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, their role in the management...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000188
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanical valve thrombosis is a life-threatening event. Pregnancy is associated with a hypercoagulable state that further emphasizes the importance of adequate anticoagulation. This is associated with a therapeutic dilemma. Continued anticoagulation with warfarin throughout the first trimester can result in fetopathi...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00045415-200211000-00007
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy is a heart disease with relevant potential complications including heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias, and embolic events. In order to prevent adverse outcomes, it is crucial to appropriately recognize and manage this cardiomyopathy. In this paper, we report the m...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000251
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A decision-tree analysis was used to estimate the average cost per patient using the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban for early treatment (<48 hours after thrombocytopenia onset) compared with delayed treatment (> or =48 hours after thrombocytopenia onset) of immune-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000164011.17381.6f
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elderly patients with valvular aortic stenosis have an increased prevalence of coronary risk factors, of coronary artery disease, and evidence of other atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Statins may reduce the progression of aortic stenosis (AS). Angina pectoris, syncope or near syncope, and congestive heart failure a...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31805f6796
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we critically evaluate the evidence relating to the effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Strong evidence indicating that the MD prevents CVD has come from prospective cohort studies. However, there is only weak supporting evidence from randomized controll...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000222
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The field of durable left ventricular assist devices has advanced dramatically since its introduction into the clinical realm. From the first-generation pulsatile HeartMate XVE device to the second-generation continuous axial flow HeartMate-2 to the current third-generation centrifugal flow devices, the left ventricul...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000268
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholesterol metabolism and transport has been a major focus in cardiovascular disease risk modification over the past several decades. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been the most commonly used agents, with the greatest benefit in reducing both the primary and secondary risks of cardiova...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000245
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Care of pregnant patients with congenital heart disease requires understanding of the specific congenital defect, the nature of previous surgical correction, and the residua and sequelae. General risks and principles can be adduced in management decisions. In addition, lesion- and patient-specific details are importan...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00045415-200008030-00007
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF), a very common cardiac arrhythmia, is a well-recognized predisposing factor for embolic stroke. While warfarin remains the cornerstone of anticoagulant treatment in patients with AF, it is often underutilized because of increased bleeding complications and frequent monitoring requirements. It ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181e53abb
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for one of the greatest public health challenges of our lifetime, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because of the complicated postinfection sequelae and grave consequences, the search for effective therapies has become a worldwide prio...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000337
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of new medicines to treat pulmonary vascular disease has renewed interest in the management of children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. We now have a practical classification of pulmonary hypertension, improved diagnostic techniques, and internationally recognized diagnostic and manag...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181ce03df
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravascular ultrasound imaging is a relatively new imaging modality that uses miniaturized ultrasound transducers, which are mounted on catheter tips and introduced into the vessel lumen to provide cross-sectional images of the vascular structure in real time. It has gained popularity rapidly among interventional ca...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00045415-199909000-00014
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in pregnancy is rare and signifies a high-risk pregnancy. Although the majority of mothers have knowledge of their condition before pregnancy, approximately one-third of patients are diagnosed during pregnancy. Termination of pregnancy should be discussed, and is o...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e318275cf01
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1992, Brugada and Brugada reported a distinct subgroup of patients with episodes of "idiopathic"polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation characterized by a unique electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern, which consisted of right bundle branch block and ST-segment elevation from V1 to V2-V3. As in ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00045415-199907000-00010
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::About 50 years ago, Norman Jefferis Holter invented a device that opened the possibility of recording heart activity over long periods of time. This invention, together with the rapid developments in electronics, has enabled a revolutionary change in the diagnosis and management of cardiac diseases. Ambulatory cardiac...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31828a8294
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a multifactorial disease with genetic risk factors and an immunologic component. Immune cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, B- and T- lymphocytes, along with vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts, produce cytokines and enzymes, promoting an inflammator...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181b04698
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Automated validated devices should be used for measuring blood pressure (BP). A systolic BP between 120 and 129 mm Hg with a diastolic BP < 80 mm Hg should be treated by lifestyle measures. Lifestyle measures plus BP lowering drugs should be used for secondary prevention of recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) event...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000187
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eisenmenger syndrome is characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and right-to-left shunting of blood through a systemic to pulmonary circulation connection. Treatment requires either lung transplantation with intracardiac repair or heart-lung transplantation. There are inadequate data regarding treatmen...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000181618.29506.1e
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evacetrapib is a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor that has been recently studied as a cholesterol modifying agent to reduce cardiovascular risk and mortality in high risk cardiovascular disease patients. Evacetrapib acts to decrease lipid exchange through CETP inhibition. CETP acts to transfer chole...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000137
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renovascular hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis accounts for a small portion of overall hypertension but remains important as the most common potentially curable form of high blood pressure. Diagnosis depends on developing an index of suspicion for renovascular hypertension based on the history and physical ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00045415-200008010-00005
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is a broad term encompassing any disease leading to myocardial inflammation with associated cardiac dysfunction. While endomyocardial biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis, non-invasive imaging techniques, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography,...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000369
更新日期:2020-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension remains a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the United States. Disturbing trends have been reported recently and include declining rates of successful blood pressure control and increasing rates of stroke, congestive heart failure, and hypertension-associated end-stage renal disease...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00045415-199809000-00009
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An estimated 400,000 coronary artery bypass graft operations are performed annually in the United States. Saphenous vein grafts are the most commonly used conduits; however, graft failure is common. In contrast, left internal mammary artery grafts have more favorable long-term patency rates. Guidelines recommend aggre...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000261
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Valvular endocarditis after percutaneous coronary intervention is unusual. We report a new case of mitral valve endocarditis after stent implantation to a saphenous vein graft. ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000128842.48947.21
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00