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Fragment C of tetanus toxin: new insights into its neuronal signaling pathway.

Abstract：

:When Clostridium tetani was discovered and identified as a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium of the genus Clostridium, the possibility of turning its toxin into a valuable biological carrier to ameliorate neurodegenerative processes was inconceivable. However, the non-toxic carboxy-terminal fragment of the tetanus toxin heavy chain (fragment C) can be retrogradely transported to the central nervous system; therefore, fragment C has been used as a valuable biological carrier of neurotrophic factors to ameliorate neurodegenerative processes. More recently, the neuroprotective properties of fragment C have also been described in vitro and in vivo, involving the activation of Akt kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascades through neurotrophin tyrosine kinase (Trk) receptors. Although the precise mechanism of the molecular internalization of fragment C in neuronal cells remains unknown, fragment C could be internalized and translocated into the neuronal cytosol through a clathrin-mediated pathway dependent on proteins, such as dynamin and AP-2. In this review, the origins, molecular properties and possible signaling pathways of fragment C are reviewed to understand the biochemical characteristics of its intracellular and synaptic transport.

journal_name

Int J Mol Sci

journal_title

International journal of molecular sciences

authors

Calvo AC,Oliván S,Manzano R,Zaragoza P,Aguilera J,Osta R

doi

10.3390/ijms13066883

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-01-01 00:00:00

pages

6883-901

issue

6

issn

1422-0067

pii

ijms-13-06883

journal_volume

13

pub_type

杂志文章,评审

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