Abstract：
:The normal cellular isoform of prion protein, designated PrPC, is constitutively converted to the abnormally folded, amyloidogenic isoform, PrPSc, in prion diseases, which include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in animals. PrPC is a membrane glycoprotein consisting of the non-structural N-terminal domain and the globular C-terminal domain. During conversion of PrPC to PrPSc, its 2/3 C-terminal region undergoes marked structural changes, forming a protease-resistant structure. In contrast, the N-terminal region remains protease-sensitive in PrPSc. Reverse genetic studies using reconstituted PrPC-knockout mice with various mutant PrP molecules have revealed that the N-terminal domain has an important role in the normal function of PrPC and the conversion of PrPC to PrPSc. The N-terminal domain includes various characteristic regions, such as the positively charged residue-rich polybasic region, the octapeptide repeat (OR) region consisting of five repeats of an octapeptide sequence, and the post-OR region with another positively charged residue-rich polybasic region followed by a stretch of hydrophobic residues. We discuss the normal functions of PrPC, the conversion of PrPC to PrPSc, and the neurotoxicity of PrPSc by focusing on the roles of the N-terminal regions in these topics.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Hara H,Sakaguchi Sdoi
10.3390/ijms21176233subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-28 00:00:00issue
17issn
1422-0067pii
ijms21176233journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a potent endogenous inhibitor of both physiological and pathological angiogenesis, widely studied as a target in drug development for treating cancer. Several studies performed in the cardiovascular field on TSP-1 are contradictory, the role of TSP-1 in the physiopathology of cardiovascular...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18020348
更新日期：2017-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Absence of effective therapeutic methods for avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) is still perplexing the world's medical community. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) adoptive cell therapy combined with core decompression is a promising modality, which is highly dependent on the cellular activities of BM...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19030734
更新日期：2018-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial pathogens expose on the cell surface a variety of complex carbohydrate molecules. Gram-negative bacteria produce lipopolysaccharides, which are the main components of the outer membrane of bacterial envelopes and play a major role in host-pathogen interactions. B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, B. bronchisepti...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22031029
更新日期：2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Bombyx mori doublesex (Bmdsx) functions as a double-switch gene in the final step of the sex-determination cascade in the silkworm Bombyx mori. The P-element somatic inhibitor (PSI) protein in B. mori interacts with Bmdsx pre-mRNA in CE1 as an exonic splicing silencer to promote male-specific splicing of Bmdsx. Howeve...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20092361
更新日期：2019-05-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteins have been used as building blocks to provide various supramolecular structures in efforts to develop nano-biomaterials possessing broad biological functionalities. A series of unique structures have been obtained from the engineering of hemoproteins which contain the iron porphyrin known as heme, as a prosthe...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22031012
更新日期：2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Busulfan is an alkylating agent routinely used in conditioning regimens prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for various nonmalignant disorders, including inborn errors of metabolism. The combination of model-based dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of busulfan pharmacokinetics (PK) t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type：
doi：10.3390/ijms21165634
更新日期：2020-08-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The analgesic effect of venlafaxine (VLX), which is a selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), has been observed on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain in mice. Significant allodynia was shown after oxaliplatin treatment (6 mg/kg, i.p.); acetone and von Frey hair tests were used to assess cold...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20071652
更新日期：2019-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Three kinds of new water-soluble polysaccharides (FA, FB and FC) were isolated from wild mushroom Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Chaidam by the classical method "water extraction and alcohol precipitation" and purified by column chromatography. The Mw of FA, FB and FC ranged from 5690 Da to 38,340 Da. The three poly...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20030637
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mango (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo) peel contains bound phenolics that may be released by alkaline or acid hydrolysis and may be converted into less complex molecules. Free phenolics from mango cv. Ataulfo peel were obtained using a methanolic extraction, and their cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and permeability...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19020514
更新日期：2018-02-08 00:00:00
abstract：:A key role of the mitochondrial Translocator Protein 18 KDa (TSPO) in neuroinflammation has been recently proposed. However, little is known about TSPO-activated pathways underlying the modulation of reactive microglia. In the present work, the TSPO activation was explored in an in vitro human primary microglia model ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20184467
更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Bladder cancer (BC) remains the most common malignancy of urinary tract. Sex-related differences in BC epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, and outcomes have been reported. Throughout the recent years, extensive research has been devoted to genetic and molecular alterations in BC. Apart from the molecular background, ano...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21124488
更新日期：2020-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Breakthroughs in the development of programmable site-specific nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases (MNs), and most recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (including Cas9)...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18122565
更新日期：2017-11-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex reversal has been used as a breeding strategy by salmonid fish to produce genetically and phenotypically single sex populations. Production of all-female fish has great importance for the creation of monosex female triploids of salmonid fish, which are valued for their sterility, lack of female maturation, and lar...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms22020964
更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Genistein, daidzein, glycitein and quercetin are flavonoids present in soybean and other vegetables in high amounts. These flavonoids can be metabolically converted to more active forms, which may react with guanine in the DNA to form complexes and can lead to DNA depurination. We assumed two ultimate carcinogen forms...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13021269
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When Clostridium tetani was discovered and identified as a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium of the genus Clostridium, the possibility of turning its toxin into a valuable biological carrier to ameliorate neurodegenerative processes was inconceivable. However, the non-toxic carboxy-terminal fragment of the tetanus tox...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms13066883
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of organ dysfunction and failure in numerous pathological and surgical settings. At the core of this issue lies mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, strategies that prime mitochondria towards damage resilience might prove applicable in a clinical setting. A pro...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21144896
更新日期：2020-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Spirulina maxima, a microalga containing high levels of protein and many polyphenols, including chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. However, the mechanisms where by Spirulina maxima ameliorates cognitive disorders induced by amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) are not fully ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18112401
更新日期：2017-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most common and severe complications of lupus. However, the mechanisms for renal damage have not been well elucidated. There are evidences show that glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) are damaged in LN. Immune complexes can deposit in subendothelial area and could affect GEC functio...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20215281
更新日期：2019-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The SGNH family esterases are highly effective biocatalysts due to their strong catalytic efficiencies, great stabilities, relatively small sizes, and ease of immobilization. Here, a novel SGNH family esterase (LaSGNH1) from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, which has homologues in many Lactobacillus species, was identi...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21010091
更新日期：2019-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The deubiquitination of histone H2A on lysine 119 by 2A-DUB/MYSM1, BAP1, USP16, and other enzymes is required for key cellular processes, including transcriptional activation, apoptosis, and cell cycle control, during normal hematopoiesis and tissue development, and in tumor cells. Based on our finding that MYSM1 colo...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21113762
更新日期：2020-05-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor featuring rapid cell proliferation, treatment resistance, and tumor relapse. This is largely due to the coexistence of heterogeneous tumor cell populations with different grades of differentiation, and in particular, to a small subset ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20153824
更新日期：2019-08-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic hepatitis C is a serious liver disease that often results in cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the association of human leukocyte antigen-DP (HLA-DP) variants with risk of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) or anti-F antibody generation. We selected two single nucleotide p...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms15069826
更新日期：2014-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria have emerged as key players regarding cellular homeostasis not only due to their contribution regarding energy production through oxidative phosphorylation, but also due to their involvement in signaling, ion regulation, and programmed cell death. Indeed, current knowledge supports the notion that mitocho...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18081821
更新日期：2017-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：:In eukaryotes, DNA is compacted into a complex structure known as chromatin. The unravelling of DNA is a crucial step in DNA repair, replication, transcription and recombination as this allows access to DNA for these processes. Failure to package DNA into the nucleosome, the individual unit of chromatin, can lead to g...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms12118063
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thrombin is an essential procoagulant and profibrotic mediator. However, its implication in tuberculous pleural effusion (TBPE) remains unknown. The effusion thrombin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were measured among transudative pleural effusion (TPE, n = 22) and TBPE (n = 24) patients. Pleural...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20205076
更新日期：2019-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Hericium Erinaceus (HE) is a medicinal plant known to possess anticarcinogenic, antibiotic, and antioxidant activities. It has been shown to have a protective effect against ischemia-injury-induced neuronal cell death in rats. As an extending study, here we examined in pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells, whether HE coul...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21062138
更新日期：2020-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacteria belonging to the Pectobacterium genus are the causative agents of the blackleg and soft-rot diseases that affect potato plants and tubers worldwide. In Pectobacterium, the expression of the virulence genes is controlled by quorum-sensing (QS) and N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). In this work, we screened a c...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms141019976
更新日期：2013-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemic preconditioning (IPre) reduces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart. The non-coding microRNA miR-125b-1-3p has been demonstrated to play a role in the mechanism of IPre. Hypercholesterolemia is known to attenuate the cardioprotective effect of preconditioning; nevertheless, the exact underlying mech...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21113744
更新日期：2020-05-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are considered a possible cause and this mechanism might be shared with the aging process and with other age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21051758
更新日期：2020-03-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Kaempferol (Kae), a natural flavonoid, is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have identified Kae as a possible cancer preventive and therapeutic agent. We found Kae to exhibit potent antiproliferation and anti-migration effects in human bladder cancer EJ cells. Kaempferol robustly induced ap...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms141121215
更新日期：2013-10-24 00:00:00
