Abstract：
:Introduced in its contemporary form in 1946 (ref. 1), but with roots that go back to the eighteenth century, the gravity law is the prevailing framework with which to predict population movement, cargo shipping volume and inter-city phone calls, as well as bilateral trade flows between nations. Despite its widespread use, it relies on adjustable parameters that vary from region to region and suffers from known analytic inconsistencies. Here we introduce a stochastic process capturing local mobility decisions that helps us analytically derive commuting and mobility fluxes that require as input only information on the population distribution. The resulting radiation model predicts mobility patterns in good agreement with mobility and transport patterns observed in a wide range of phenomena, from long-term migration patterns to communication volume between different regions. Given its parameter-free nature, the model can be applied in areas where we lack previous mobility measurements, significantly improving the predictive accuracy of most of the phenomena affected by mobility and transport processes.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Simini F,González MC,Maritan A,Barabási ALdoi
10.1038/nature10856subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-26 00:00:00pages
96-100issue
7392eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature10856journal_volume
484pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:The hydrosulphide ion (HS(-)) and its undissociated form, hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S), which are believed to have been critical to the origin of life on Earth, remain important in physiology and cellular signalling. As a major metabolite in anaerobic bacterial growth, hydrogen sulphide is a product of both assimilatory ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10881
更新日期：2012-03-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Xenoturbellida and Acoelomorpha are marine worms with contentious ancestry. Both were originally associated with the flatworms (Platyhelminthes), but molecular data have revised their phylogenetic positions, generally linking Xenoturbellida to the deuterostomes and positioning the Acoelomorpha as the most basally bran...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09676
更新日期：2011-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Vertebrate and invertebrate digestive systems show extensive similarities in their development, cellular makeup and genetic control. The Drosophila midgut is typical: enterocytes make up the majority of the intestinal epithelial monolayer, but are interspersed with hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells. Human (and m...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04333
更新日期：2006-01-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Transition-metal complexes are widely used in the physical and biological sciences. They have essential roles in catalysis, synthesis, materials science, photophysics and bioinorganic chemistry. Our understanding of transition-metal complexes originates from Alfred Werner's realization that their three-dimensional sha...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-019-1616-2
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When an individual molecule, nanocrystal, nanotube or lithographically defined quantum dot is attached to metallic electrodes via tunnel barriers, electron transport is dominated by single-electron charging and energy-level quantization. As the coupling to the electrodes increases, higher-order tunnelling and correlat...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature00790
更新日期：2002-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The domestication of dogs was an important episode in the development of human civilization. The precise timing and location of this event is debated and little is known about the genetic changes that accompanied the transformation of ancient wolves into domestic dogs. Here we conduct whole-genome resequencing of dogs...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11837
更新日期：2013-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are highly polymorphic cell-surface glycoproteins that present antigenic peptides to CD4+ T lymphocytes. The normal assembly of class II molecules with cognate peptides for antigen presentation requires an accessory function provided by a gene mapping to the cl...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/368554a0
更新日期：1994-04-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Metamaterials are artificial optical media composed of sub-wavelength metallic and dielectric building blocks that feature optical phenomena not present in naturally occurring materials. Although they can serve as the basis for unique optical devices that mould the flow of light in unconventional ways, three-dimension...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature14477
更新日期：2015-06-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a result of complex gene-environment interactions, and several risk factors have been identified, including age, family history, diet, sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Statistical models that combine known risk factors for T2D can partly identify individuals at high risk of developing the dise...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12198
更新日期：2013-06-06 00:00:00
abstract：:We have sequenced and annotated the genome of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which contains the smallest number of protein-coding genes yet recorded for a eukaryote: 4,824. The centromeres are between 35 and 110 kilobases (kb) and contain related repeats including a highly conserved 1.8-kb element. Regions...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature724
更新日期：2002-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-volcanic tremor is a weak, extended duration seismic signal observed episodically on some major faults, often in conjunction with slow slip events. Such tremor may hold the key to understanding fundamental processes at the deep roots of faults, and could signal times of accelerated slip and hence increased seismic...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature05666
更新日期：2007-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Perfusion chromatography is a technique based on fluid dynamics for reducing stagnant mobile phase mass transfer in liquid chromatography. This is achieved by using supports with large pores that allow mobile phase to flow through particles. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/350634a0
更新日期：1991-04-18 00:00:00
abstract：:In Fig. 3c of this Letter, the the effects of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of NR3C1, TXNIP and CNR2 in patient-derived B-lineage leukaemia cells were shown. For curves depicting NR3C1 (left graph), data s for TXNIP (middle graph) were inadvertently plotted. This figure has been corrected online, and the original Fig....
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0164-5
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the nature and origin of the asteroid population in Earth's vicinity (near-Earth asteroids, and its subset of potentially hazardous asteroids) is a matter of both scientific interest and practical importance. It is generally expected that the compositions of the asteroids that are most likely to hit Eart...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07154
更新日期：2008-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:XX female mammals undergo transcriptional silencing of most genes on one of their two X chromosomes to equalize X-linked gene dosage with XY males in a process referred to as X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). XCI is an example of epigenetic regulation. Once enacted in individual cells of the early female embryo, XCI is...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature08161
更新日期：2009-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:As countries in Europe gradually relaxed lockdown restrictions after the first wave, test-trace-isolate strategies became critical to maintain the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at low levels1,2. Reviewing their shortcomings can provide elements to consider in light of the second wave that is current...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-03095-6
更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The reaction mechanism of protein folding by the chaperonin GroEL and its regulator GroES has been defined. GroES and substrate protein counteract each other's effects on GroEL: whereas GroES stabilizes GroEL in the ADP-bound state, binding of unfolded polypeptide within the cavity of the GroEL cylinder triggers ADP a...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/366228a0
更新日期：1993-11-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sulphatase deficiency disease is an unusual autosomal recessive disorder characterised biochemically by a deficiency of several sulphohydrolase activities. The laboratory diagnosis of this combined neurological connective tissue disorder is made on the basis of decreased activities of the lysosomal enzymes, a...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/282098a0
更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of the extent and basis of gene-enzyme variation has long been a principal concern of population genetics. Numerous surveys have indicated considerable amounts of genetic variation detectable in natural populations, with few exceptions. The variances of average heterozygosities (H) between species and among ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/288580a0
更新日期：1980-12-11 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/d41586-018-07595-4
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The HLA-D region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been shown to be homologous to the murine I region in terms of both structure and function. Both regions encode class II MHC molecules which restrict T-lymphocyte interactions with antigen-presenting cells. We have recently described the MHC rest...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/301716a0
更新日期：1983-02-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurotransmitter release is initiated by influx of Ca2+ through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, within 200 microseconds of the action potential arriving at the synaptic terminal, as the Ca2+ concentration increases from 100 nM to > 200 microM. Exocytosis requires high Ca2+ concentration, with a threshold of 20-50 microM ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/379451a0
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurotransmitters modulate the activity of ion channels through a variety of second messengers, including cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and the products of phosphatidylinositol breakdown. Little is known about how different transmitters acting through different second-messenger systems interact within a cell to regulate sing...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/325153a0
更新日期：1987-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotrophin receptor TrkB is essential for normal function of the mammalian brain. It is expressed in three splice variants. Full-length receptors (TrkB(FL)) possess an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain and are considered as those TrkB receptors that mediate the crucial effects of brain-derived neurotrophic fa...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01983
更新日期：2003-11-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the capacity of natural populations to adapt to their local environment is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Phenotypic differences between populations may have a genetic basis, but showing that they reflect different adaptive optima requires the quantification of both gene flow and selection. Goo...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03083
更新日期：2005-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluctuations in the counting rate of photons originating from uncorrelated point sources become, within the coherently illuminated area, slightly enhanced compared to a random sequence of classical particles. This phenomenon, known in astronomy as the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect, is a consequence of quantum interferenc...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature00911
更新日期：2002-07-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Several species related to Drosophila melanogaster have two loci containing sequences which code for the major heat-shock protein of molecular weight 70,000 (hsp70). These sequences are arranged as two pairs of inverted repeats. The structure of the 87C locus in D. melanogaster seems to have arisen through DNA inserti...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/290677a0
更新日期：1981-04-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding how the brain constructs movements remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. The brain may control complex movements through flexible combination of motor primitives, where each primitive is an element of computation in the sensorimotor map that transforms desired limb trajectories into motor comm...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35037588
更新日期：2000-10-12 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe here a new view of primary visual cortex (V1) based on measurements of neural responses in V1 to patterns called 'illusory contours' (Fig. 1a, b). Detection of an object's boundary contours is a fundamental visual task. Boundary contours are defined by discontinuities not only in luminance and colour, but ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/365550a0
更新日期：1993-10-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Haemophilia B (Christmas disease) is an inherited, recessive, sex-linked, haemorrhagic condition caused by a defect in the intrinsic clotting factor IX. This disease occurs in males at a frequency of approximately 1 in 30,000. Patients differ in the severity of their clinical symptoms, and variation in the clotting ac...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/316643a0
更新日期：1985-08-15 00:00:00
