Abstract:
:The reaction mechanism of protein folding by the chaperonin GroEL and its regulator GroES has been defined. GroES and substrate protein counteract each other's effects on GroEL: whereas GroES stabilizes GroEL in the ADP-bound state, binding of unfolded polypeptide within the cavity of the GroEL cylinder triggers ADP and GroES release. Upon ADP-ATP exchange, GroES reassociates with GroEL and ATP hydrolysis discharges the bound protein for folding. Partially folded protein rebinds to the chaperonin, thus perpetuating the cycle until folding is complete.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Martin J,Mayhew M,Langer T,Hartl FUdoi
10.1038/366228a0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-11-18 00:00:00pages
228-33issue
6452eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
366pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::The multi-disciplinary role of intermediate energy proton accelerators in pure and applied nuclear physics is discussed with particular reference to the experimental programmes at LAMPF (Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility) and SIN (Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research, Zurich). ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/270667a0
更新日期:1977-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Q beta replicase, in the absence of added template, will synthesize RNA autocatalytically. A variety of small RNa species, termed '6S RNAs' are generated. As this reaction purportedly occurs in the absence of template, it has been termed 'de novo' RNA synthesis. The question of whether Q beta replicase can polymerize ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/301350a0
更新日期:1983-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::During cell division, chromosomes are segregated to nascent daughter cells by attaching to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle through the kinetochore. Kinetochores are assembled on a specialized chromatin domain called the centromere, which is characterized by the replacement of nucleosomal histone H3 with the hi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10379
更新日期:2011-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::During cell division, remodelling of the nuclear envelope enables chromosome segregation by the mitotic spindle1. The reformation of sealed nuclei requires ESCRTs (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) and LEM2, a transmembrane ESCRT adaptor2-4. Here we show how the ability of LEM2 to condense on microtu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2232-x
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature21725. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/nature23659
更新日期:2017-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Although the sex-determining gene Sry has been identified in mammals, no comparable genes have been found in non-mammalian vertebrates. Here, we used recombinant breakpoint analysis to restrict the sex-determining region in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to a 530-kilobase (kb) stretch of the Y chromosome. Deletion anal...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature751
更新日期:2002-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::A characteristic feature of induced pinocytosis in Amoeba proteus is the formation of broad channels by invagination of the cell membrane. This process, which requires Ca2+, occurs in response to depolarising cations. High Ca2+ levels reduce pinocytosis induced by cations such as Na+ and Tris+, whereas pinocytosis ind...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/282078a0
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle force is generated by myosin crossbridges interacting with actin. As estimated from stiffness and equatorial X-ray diffraction of muscle and muscle fibres, most myosin crossbridges are attached to actin during isometric contraction, but a much smaller fraction is bound stereospecifically. To determine the fract...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/40651
更新日期:1997-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Discovering evidence of behaviour in fossilized vertebrates is rare. Even rarer is evidence of behaviour in non-avialan dinosaurs that directly relates to stereotypical behaviour seen in extant birds (avians) and not previously predicted in non-avialan dinosaurs. Here we report the discovery of a new troodontid taxon ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02898
更新日期:2004-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Biochemical and structural studies have shown that the initiation of RNA polymerase II transcription proceeds in the following stages: assembly of the polymerase with general transcription factors and promoter DNA in a 'closed' preinitiation complex (PIC); unwinding of about 15 base pairs of the promoter DNA to form a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14882
更新日期:2015-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Protoplanetary disks are known to possess a variety of substructures in the distribution of their millimetre-sized grains, predominantly seen as rings and gaps1, which are frequently interpreted as arising from the shepherding of large grains by either hidden, still-forming planets within the disk2 or (magneto-)hydrod...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1642-0
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone has recently emerged as a pleiotropic endocrine organ that secretes at least two hormones, FGF23 and osteocalcin, which regulate kidney function and glucose homeostasis, respectively. These findings have raised the question of whether other bone-derived hormones exist and what their potential functions are. Here ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature21697
更新日期:2017-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic pathways can regulate gene expression by controlling and interpreting chromatin modifications. Cancer cells are characterized by altered epigenetic landscapes, and commonly exploit the chromatin regulatory machinery to enforce oncogenic gene expression programs. Although chromatin alterations are, in princi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10334
更新日期:2011-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::The specification of both the germ line and abdomen in Drosophila depends on the localization of oskar messenger RNA to the posterior of the oocyte. This localization requires several trans-acting factors, including Barentsz and the Mago-Y14 heterodimer, which assemble with oskar mRNA into ribonucleoprotein particles ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02351
更新日期:2004-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Using data on the global distribution of mammal, bird and amphibian species, Grenyer et al. conclude that planning based on individual taxa does not provide efficient solutions for the conservation of other taxa. They also report that the performance of existing global conservation strategies-endemic bird areas, biodi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06374
更新日期:2007-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::In bacteria, archaea, fungi and plants the Trk, Ktr and HKT ion transporters are key components of osmotic regulation, pH homeostasis and resistance to drought and high salinity. These ion transporters are functionally diverse: they can function as Na(+) or K(+) channels and possibly as cation/K(+) symporters. They ar...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12055
更新日期:2013-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::The AP-1 family of transcription factors, which includes the proto-oncogene products c-Jun and c-Fos, controls the stimulation of cellular genes by growth factors and the expression of oncogenes, including src and ras. Transcriptional activation by c-Jun is regulated by a cell-type-specific inhibitor that represses th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/352165a0
更新日期:1991-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximately 22-nucleotide RNAs that mediate important gene-regulatory events by pairing to the mRNAs of protein-coding genes to direct their repression. Repression of these regulatory targets leads to decreased translational efficiency and/or decreased mRNA levels, but the relative ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09267
更新日期:2010-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::It has long been known that the 5' to 3' polarity of DNA synthesis results in both a leading and lagging strand at all replication forks. Until now, however, there has been no evidence that leading or lagging strands are spatially organized in any way within a cell. Here we show that chromosome segregation in Escheric...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07282
更新日期:2008-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Protons participate in most biologically important reactions, as substrates, products, cofactors and modulators, and proton transport is an essential step in energy transduction. The dynamics of protonation reactions have been studied extensively in solution and in model systems involving lipid-water interfaces, but h...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/329243a0
更新日期:1987-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::Thermoelectric energy harvesting-the transformation of waste heat into useful electricity-is of great interest for energy sustainability. The main obstacle is the low thermoelectric efficiency of materials for converting heat to electricity, quantified by the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT. The best available n-ty...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08088
更新日期:2009-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::The origin of mutations is central to understanding evolution and of key relevance to health. Variation occurs non-randomly across the genome, and mechanisms for this remain to be defined. Here we report that the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments have significantly increased levels of nucleotide substitution, indicating a ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14183
更新日期:2015-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Large, actively swimming suspension feeders evolved several times in Earth's history, arising independently from groups as diverse as sharks, rays and stem teleost fishes, and in mysticete whales. However, animals occupying this niche have not been identified from the early Palaeozoic era. Anomalocarids, a group of st...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13010
更新日期:2014-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes and imported into mitochondria. The imported proteins are directed to one of four submitochondrial compartments--the outer mitochondrial membrane, the inner mitochondrial membrane, the intramembraneous space, or the matrix--where the protein then fun...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/417087a
更新日期:2002-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::The src gene product, p60src, of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase which is associated with the plasma membrane of infected cells. Myristic acid is bound in an amide linkage to glycine 2 of p60src. Of the N-terminal 30 kilodaltons of p60src, only amino acids 1-14 are required for myristyla...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/314374a0
更新日期:1985-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Efficient long-distance quantum teleportation is crucial for quantum communication and quantum networking schemes. Here we describe the high-fidelity teleportation of photons over a distance of 600 metres across the River Danube in Vienna, with the optimal efficiency that can be achieved using linear optics. Our resul...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/430849a
更新日期:2004-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2544-x
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in stem-cell technology are now allowing the mechanisms of human disease to be studied in human cells. A new era for regenerative medicine is arising from such disease models, extending beyond early cell-based therapies and towards evaluating genetic variation in humans and identifying the molecular pa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07037
更新日期:2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the brain, hippocampal pyramidal cells use temporal as well as rate coding to signal spatial aspects of the animal's environment or behaviour. The temporal code takes the form of a phase relationship to the concurrent cycle of the hippocampal electroencephalogram theta rhythm. These two codes could each represent a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02058
更新日期:2003-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::In double-stranded-RNA (dsRNA) viruses found in animals, bacteria and yeast, the genome is transcribed within the structurally intact core of the virion with extraordinary efficiency. The structural organization of the genome and the enzymes involved in the transcription inside any of these viruses, critical for under...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/382471a0
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00