Abstract:
:Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are highly polymorphic cell-surface glycoproteins that present antigenic peptides to CD4+ T lymphocytes. The normal assembly of class II molecules with cognate peptides for antigen presentation requires an accessory function provided by a gene mapping to the class II region of the HLA complex. The isolation of somatic cell mutants of antigen-presenting cells (APC) has shown that at least one gene which maps between HLA-DP and HLA-DQ, provisionally designated c2p-1 (ref. 3), mediates this process. Here we describe a unique new mutant 2.2.93, which manifests defective formation of class II/peptide complexes like that described in c2p-1 mutants. We show that (1) mutant 2.2.93 contains a mutation in HLA-DMA, and a representative c2p-1 mutant, 9.5.3, contains a mutation in HLA-DMB; and (2) transfection and expression of DMA complementary DNA in 2.2.93, and DMB cDNA in 9.5.3, reverses their mutant phenotypes. These results show that HLA-DMA and -DMB, genes of previously unknown function mapping between HLA-DP and HLA-DQ, are required for the normal assembly of peptides with MHC class II molecules. They suggest that HLA-DMA and -DMB encode subunits of a functional heterodimer which is critical in the pathway of class II antigen presentation.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Fling SP,Arp B,Pious Ddoi
10.1038/368554a0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-04-07 00:00:00pages
554-8issue
6471eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
368pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Sex chromosomes in males of most eutherian mammals share only a small homologous segment, the pseudoautosomal region (PAR), in which the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs), pairing and crossing over must occur for correct meiotic segregation1,2. How cells ensure that recombination occurs in the PAR is unknown. H...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2327-4
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that muscle contraction results from the relative sliding of actin and myosin filaments. Both filaments have definite polarities and well-ordered structures. Thick filaments, however, are not vital for supporting movement in vitro. Previously we have demonstrated that actin filaments can move co...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/341154a0
更新日期:1989-09-14 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07511-w
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian circadian clocks consist of complex integrated feedback loops that cannot be elucidated without comprehensive measurement of system dynamics and determination of network structures. To dissect such a complicated system, we took a systems-biological approach based on genomic, molecular and cell biological tec...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature00906
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transforming viral proteins such as E1A force cells through the restriction point of the cell cycle into S phase by forming complexes with two cellular proteins: the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), a transcriptional co-repressor, and CBP/p300, a transcriptional co-activator. These two proteins locally influence chromatin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/24190
更新日期:1998-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::A biologically active complementary DNA clone of a transforming gene present in a human colon carcinoma contains gene sequences of both tropomyosin and a previously unknown protein tyrosine kinase. The predicted protein (641 amino acids) encoded by this oncogene seems to have been formed by a somatic rearrangement tha...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/319743a0
更新日期:1986-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoprecipitation and tryptic peptide analysis of newly synthesized proteins from rat islets have identified an 18,000 molecular weight (MW) protein as proglucagon. Conversion of this precursor was kinetically similar to the conversion of proinsulin and resulted in the formation of both pancreatic glucagon and a 10,...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/282260a0
更新日期:1979-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::High-pressure transitions are thought to modify hydrogen molecules to a molecular metallic solid and finally to an atomic metal1, which is predicted to have exotic physical properties and the topology of a two-component (electron and proton) superconducting superfluid condensate2,3. Therefore, understanding such trans...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1565-9
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Earth's convecting upper mantle can be viewed as comprising three main reservoirs, beneath the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. Because of the uneven global distribution and migration of ridges and subduction zones, the surface area of the Pacific reservoir is at present contracting at about 0.6 km2 x y(r-1), ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35068542
更新日期:2001-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model for studying the genetics of ageing, with over 50 life-extension mutations known so far. However, little is known about the pathobiology of ageing in this species, limiting attempts to connect genotype with senescent phenotype. Using ultrastructural analysis an...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01135
更新日期:2002-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Since its discovery in 1989, efforts to grow clinical isolates of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in cell culture have met with limited success. Only the JFH-1 isolate has the capacity to replicate efficiently in cultured hepatoma cells without cell culture-adaptive mutations. We hypothesized that cultured cells lack one ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14899
更新日期:2015-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::Complementary DNAs for two distinct anglerfish somatostatin peptides (termed I and II) have been cloned in bacterial plasmids and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence for somatostatin I encodes a large percursor peptide (molecular weight 13,300) in which the somatostatin hormones is at the carboxyl terminus. The predict...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/288137a0
更新日期:1980-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::Hypermethylation is associated with the silencing of tumour susceptibility genes in several forms of cancer; however, the mechanisms responsible for this aberrant methylation are poorly understood. The prototypic DNA methyltransferase, DNMT1, has been widely assumed to be responsible for most of the methylation of the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35010000
更新日期:2000-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::The spread of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria has sustained a continuing search for new agents with antibacterial activity against this important class of bacterial pathogen. Because the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unique to Gram-negative bacteria and required by them for growth and vir...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/329162a0
更新日期:1987-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::A decade ago, Lovelock and Whitfield raised the question of how much longer the biosphere can survive on Earth. They pointed out that, despite the current fossil-fuel induced increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration, the long-term trend should be in the opposite direction: as increased solar luminosity warms th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/360721a0
更新日期:1992-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::CD4(+) T helper 2 (T(H)2) cells secrete interleukin (IL)4, IL5 and IL13, and are required for immunity to gastrointestinal helminth infections. However, T(H)2 cells also promote chronic inflammation associated with asthma and allergic disorders. The non-haematopoietic-cell-derived cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoieti...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08901
更新日期:2010-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::In the unactivated Limulus sperm, a 60- micro m-long bundle of actin filaments crosslinked by the protein scruin is bent and twisted into a coil around the base of the nucleus. At fertilization, the bundle uncoils and fully extends in five seconds to support a finger of membrane known as the acrosomal process. This bi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02881
更新日期:2004-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::The recent discovery that the human T-cell lymphoma leukemia virus (HTLV) may be the agent of transmission of T-cell lymphoid malignancies raises ethical questions for blood transfusion services. The effort to avoid use of contaminated blood is dependent to a large extent on the willingness and ability of donors to g...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/302567a0
更新日期:1983-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::De novo-designed proteins1-3 hold great promise as building blocks for synthetic circuits, and can complement the use of engineered variants of natural proteins4-7. One such designer protein-degronLOCKR, which is based on 'latching orthogonal cage-key proteins' (LOCKR) technology8-is a switch that degrades a protein o...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1425-7
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retrotransposons, which proliferate by reverse transcription of RNA intermediates, comprise a major portion of plant genomes. Plants often change the genome size and organization during evolution by rapid proliferation and deletion of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. Precise transposon sequences throughout...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08351
更新日期:2009-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation through association with Argonaute proteins (AGOs). Crystal structures of archaeal and bacterial homologues of AGOs have shown that the MID (middle) domain mediates the interaction with the phosphorylated 5' end of the miRNA guide strand and this interact...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09039
更新日期:2010-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::During cellular translation of messenger RNAs by ribosomes, the translation apparatus sometimes pauses or stalls at the elongation and termination steps. With the exception of programmed stalling, which is usually used by cells for regulatory purposes, ribosomes stalled on mRNAs need to be terminated and recycled to m...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature20822
更新日期:2017-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::The Ca2+ + Mg2+-activated ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the active Ca2+ transport of this membrane system, the key feature of which is the formation of an energy-rich phosphorylated transport enzyme (EP) and its conversion. To understand the Ca2+-transport mechanism, it is essential to clarif...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/290271a0
更新日期:1981-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Life implies movement. Most forms of movement in the living world are powered by tiny protein machines known as molecular motors. Among the best known are motors that use sophisticated intramolecular amplification mechanisms to take nanometre steps along protein tracks in the cytoplasm. These motors transport a wide v...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature01601
更新日期:2003-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium channels and receptors to serotonin and kainate were 'transplanted' from human brain into frog oocytes, by isolating messenger RNA from a fetal brain, and injecting it into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The mRNA was translated by the oocyte and induced the appearance of functional receptors and channels in its membra...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/308421a0
更新日期:1984-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Particle acceleration based on high intensity laser systems (a process known as laser-plasma acceleration) has achieved high quality particle beams that compare favourably with conventional acceleration techniques in terms of emittance, brightness and pulse duration. A long-term difficulty associated with laser-plasma...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04492
更新日期:2006-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Many small proteins seem to fold by a simple process explicable by conventional chemical kinetics and transition-state theory. This assumes an instant equilibrium between reactants and a high-energy activated state. In reality, equilibration occurs on timescales dependent on the molecules involved, below which such an...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01609
更新日期:2003-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell-surface molecules that transduce signals for cell growth and differentiation. The RTK encoded by the c-ret proto-oncogene is rearranged and constitutively activated in a large proportion of thyroid papillary carcinomas, and germ-line point mutations in c-ret seem to be respons...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/367380a0
更新日期:1994-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Levels of gene expression underpin organismal phenotypes1,2, but the nature of selection that acts on gene expression and its role in adaptive evolution remain unknown1,2. Here we assayed gene expression in rice (Oryza sativa)3, and used phenotypic selection analysis to estimate the type and strength of selection on t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1997-2
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-cell receptor-induced apoptosis regulates immune responses and can result from interactions between Fas (Apo1/CD95) and Fas ligand (FasL). Mutations in the genes for Fas and FasL cause disorders resembling human autoimmune diseases in lpr and gld mice, respectively. However, peripheral T-cell deletion takes place in...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/377348a0
更新日期:1995-09-28 00:00:00