Advancing a clinically relevant perspective of the clonal nature of cancer.

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that play a regulatory role in numerous and diverse eukaryotic cellular processes. Virus-encoded miRNAs have garnered much interest, although the functions of most remain to be deciphered. To date, readily detectable, evolutionarily conserved natural miRNAs have only been identified f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kincaid RP,Burke JM,Sullivan CS

更新日期：2012-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial dysfunctions cause numerous human disorders. A platform technology based on biodegradable polymers for carrying bioactive molecules to the mitochondrial matrix could be of enormous potential benefit in treating mitochondrial diseases. Here we report a rationally designed mitochondria-targeted polymeric n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marrache S,Dhar S

更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Cloned DNA templates were used to direct the transcription of early and late simian virus 40 (SV40) genes by a cell-free RNA-synthesizing system. Transcription by RNA polymerase II was sensitive to low levels of alpha-amanitin and completely dependent on exogenously added DNA template. RNA products of discrete lengths...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rio D,Robbins A,Myers R,Tjian R

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein framework alterations in heritable Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) mutants cause misassembly and aggregation in cells affected by the motor neuron disease ALS. However, the mechanistic relationship between superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations and human disease is controversial, with many hypotheses postul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pratt AJ,Shin DS,Merz GE,Rambo RP,Lancaster WA,Dyer KN,Borbat PP,Poole FL 2nd,Adams MW,Freed JH,Crane BR,Tainer JA,Getzoff ED

更新日期：2014-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In cultures of spleen cells from normal mice, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) supported the formation of multipotential blast cell colonies. Serial replating of the blast cell colonies in the presence of G-CSF, however, failed to demonstrate any direct effect of G-CSF on murine multipot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ikebuchi K,Clark SC,Ihle JN,Souza LM,Ogawa M

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:F1-ATPase, the catalytic domain of ATP synthase, synthesizes most of the ATP in living organisms. Running in reverse powered by ATP hydrolysis, this hexameric ring-shaped molecular motor formed by three αβ-dimers creates torque on its central γ-subunit. This reverse operation enables detailed explorations of the mecha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okazaki K,Hummer G

更新日期：2013-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 plays a critical role in the fast proton translocation that underlies a wide range of physiological functions, including the phagocytic respiratory burst, sperm motility, apoptosis, and metastatic cancer. Both voltage activation and proton conduction are carried out by a voltage-se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li Q,Shen R,Treger JS,Wanderling SS,Milewski W,Siwowska K,Bezanilla F,Perozo E

更新日期：2015-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Siderophores are essential factors for iron (Fe) acquisition in bacteria during colonization and infection of eukaryotic hosts, which restrain iron access through iron-binding protein, such as lactoferrin and transferrin. The synthesis of siderophores by Escherichia coli is considered to be fully regulated at the tran...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Salvail H,Lanthier-Bourbonnais P,Sobota JM,Caza M,Benjamin JA,Mendieta ME,Lépine F,Dozois CM,Imlay J,Massé E

更新日期：2010-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling is essential for normal embryonic development in many organisms, including frog, mouse, zebrafish, and sea urchin. The mode of action of PDGFR signaling during early development is poorly understood, however, mostly because inhibition of signaling through eithe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Van Stry M,Kazlauskas A,Schreiber SL,Symes K

更新日期：2005-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is a membrane-associated member of the immunoglobulin superfamily capable of both homophilic and heterophilic binding. To investigate the significance of this binding, a gene targeting strategy in embryonic stem (ES) cells was used to replace the membrane-associated forms of NC...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rabinowitz JE,Rutishauser U,Magnuson T

更新日期：1996-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Emerging evidence suggests that small-molecule metabolites derived from bacterial breakdown of a variety of dietary nutrients confer a wide array of host benefits, including amelio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scott SA,Fu J,Chang PV

更新日期：2020-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowledge of normal human cardiac excitation stems from isolated heart or intraoperative mapping studies under nonphysiological conditions. Here, we use a noninvasive imaging modality (electrocardiographic imaging) to study normal activation and repolarization in intact unanesthetized healthy adults under complete phy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ramanathan C,Jia P,Ghanem R,Ryu K,Rudy Y

更新日期：2006-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Food choices are shifting globally in ways that are negatively affecting both human health and the environment. Here we consider how consuming an additional serving per day of each of 15 foods is associated with 5 health outcomes in adults and 5 aspects of agriculturally driven environmental degradation. We find that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clark MA,Springmann M,Hill J,Tilman D

更新日期：2019-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Mosquitoes transmit devastating human diseases because they need vertebrate blood for egg development. Metabolism in female mosquitoes is tightly coupled with blood meal-mediated reproduction, which requires an extremely high level of energy consumption. Functional analysis has shown that major genes encoding for enzy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang X,Hou Y,Saha TT,Pei G,Raikhel AS,Zou Z

更新日期：2017-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A protein that specifically binds leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been isolated from normal mouse serum by using four successive fractionation steps: chromatography on a LIF affinity matrix, anion-exchange chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, and preparative native gel electrophoresis. The purified LIF-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Layton MJ,Cross BA,Metcalf D,Ward LD,Simpson RJ,Nicola NA

更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The aspartate receptor involved in chemotaxis is modified by methyl esterification at four distinct glutamate residues during the adaptive response of this receptor. To explain the high degree of specificity of this modification, it has been proposed that the methyltransferase recognizes the sequence Glu-Glu-Xaa-Xaa-A...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Terwilliger TC,Wang JY,Koshland DE Jr

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tomato flavor is dependent upon a complex mixture of volatiles including multiple acetate esters. Red-fruited species of the tomato clade accumulate a relatively low content of acetate esters in comparison with the green-fruited species. We show that the difference in volatile ester content between the red- and green-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goulet C,Mageroy MH,Lam NB,Floystad A,Tieman DM,Klee HJ

更新日期：2012-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The accuracy of tail-anchored (TA) protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on the Guided Entry of Tail-Anchored (Get) protein targeting machinery. The fate of TA proteins that become inappropriately inserted into other organelles, such as mitochondria, is unknown. Here, we identify Msp1, a conserve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okreglak V,Walter P

更新日期：2014-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) is an antiviral effector of the innate immune system. Viruses that can interfere with NO synthesis may be able to replicate more rapidly than viruses that cannot limit NO synthesis. We show that the adenovirus E1A protein inhibits NO production by decreasing expression of the inducible NO synthase (N...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cao W,Bao C,Lowenstein CJ

更新日期：2003-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Synapsins are abundant synaptic-vesicle phosphoproteins that are known to regulate neurotransmitter release but whose precise function has been difficult to pinpoint. Here, we use knockout mice to analyze the role of synapsins 1 and 2 in the calyx of Held synapse, allowing precise measurements of neurotransmitter rele...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun J,Bronk P,Liu X,Han W,Südhof TC

更新日期：2006-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of plasmin-derived fibrinogen fragments on the biosynthesis of fibrinogen was investigated in cultured monolayers of rat hepatocytes. Incubating the cells with several concentrations of either fibrinogen or fibrin fragment D or E had no effect on the synthesis and secretion of fibrinogen by these cells. How...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ritchie DG,Levy BA,Adams MA,Fuller GM

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When various wild strains of Penicillium lanosum and Aspergillus niger were placed in the same mild laboratory environment, their frequencies of new spontaneous mutations were clearly related to whether they had been isolated from a region of high or low microclimatic stress. In the mild environment, the total frequen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lamb BC,Mandaokar S,Bahsoun B,Grishkan I,Nevo E

更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The three-dimensional structures of the inactive protein precursors (zymogens) of the serine, cysteine, aspartic, and metalloprotease classes of proteolytic enzymes are known. Comparisons of these structures with those of the mature, active proteases reveal that, in general, the preformed, active conformations of the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Khan AR,Khazanovich-Bernstein N,Bergmann EM,James MN

更新日期：1999-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Defined by monoclonal antibody GA733, the GA733-2 antigen is a cell surface 40-kDa glycoprotein associated with human carcinomas of various origins. Molecular clones for the GA733-2 antigen were isolated from a colorectal carcinoma cell line cDNA library using the high-efficiency COS cell expression system. A 1.4-kilo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Szala S,Froehlich M,Scollon M,Kasai Y,Steplewski Z,Koprowski H,Linnenbach AJ

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reward-guided decision-making depends on a network of brain regions. Among these are the orbitofrontal and the anterior cingulate cortex. However, it is difficult to ascertain if these areas constitute anatomical and functional unities, and how these areas correspond between monkeys and humans. To address these questi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Neubert FX,Mars RB,Sallet J,Rushworth MF

更新日期：2015-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:A key idea in Lashley's formulation of the problem of serial order in behavior is the postulated neural representation of all serial elements before the action begins. We studied this question by recording the activity of individual neurons simultaneously in small ensembles in prefrontal cortex while monkeys copied ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Averbeck BB,Chafee MV,Crowe DA,Georgopoulos AP

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Determinants of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin C include the relationship between vitamin C dose and steady-state plasma concentration, bioavailability, urinary excretion, cell concentration, and potential adverse effects. Because current data are inadequate, an in-hospital depletion-repletion stu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levine M,Conry-Cantilena C,Wang Y,Welch RW,Washko PW,Dhariwal KR,Park JB,Lazarev A,Graumlich JF,King J,Cantilena LR

更新日期：1996-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin (5-HT) plays a critical role in modulating synaptic plasticity in the marine mollusc Aplysia and in the mammalian nervous system. In Aplysia sensory neurons, 5-HT can activate several signal cascades, including PKA and PKC, presumably via distinct types of G protein-coupled receptors. However, the molecular ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee YS,Choi SL,Lee SH,Kim H,Park H,Lee N,Lee SH,Chae YS,Jang DJ,Kandel ER,Kaang BK

更新日期：2009-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The lacY gene of Escherichia coli was cut into two approximately equal-size fragments with Afl II and subcloned individually or together under separate lac operator/promoters in plasmid pT7-5. Under these conditions, lac permease is expressed in two portions: (i) the N-terminal portion (the N terminus, the first six p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bibi E,Kaback HR

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A diverse range of neural cell types is generated from a pool of dividing stem and progenitor cells in an orderly manner during development. Little is known of the molecular and cellular biology underpinning the intrinsic control of this process. We have used a nonbiased method to purify populations of neural progenit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Livesey FJ,Young TL,Cepko CL

更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00