Resting state of the human proton channel dimer in a lipid bilayer.

abstract：:The density of cells and neurons in the neocortex of many mammals varies across cortical areas and regions. This variability is, perhaps, most pronounced in primates. Nonuniformity in the composition of cortex suggests regions of the cortex have different specializations. Specifically, regions with densely packed neur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Collins CE,Turner EC,Sawyer EK,Reed JL,Young NA,Flaherty DK,Kaas JH

更新日期：2016-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The impacts of global climate change on different aspects of humanity's diverse life-support systems are complex and often difficult to predict. To facilitate policy decisions on mitigation and adaptation strategies, it is necessary to understand, quantify, and synthesize these climate-change impacts, taking into acco...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Piontek F,Müller C,Pugh TA,Clark DB,Deryng D,Elliott J,Colón González Fde J,Flörke M,Folberth C,Franssen W,Frieler K,Friend AD,Gosling SN,Hemming D,Khabarov N,Kim H,Lomas MR,Masaki Y,Mengel M,Morse A,Neumann K,N

更新日期：2014-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The turnover rates of junctional acetylcholine receptors were measured in innervated and denervated mouse sternomastoid neuromuscular junctions by 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin binding. First, we determined that the density of labeled toxin initially bound to the neuromuscular junction was essentially unchanged up t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loring RH,Salpeter MM

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Steep topography, a tropical climate, and mafic lithologies contribute to efficient chemical weathering and carbon sequestration in the Southeast Asian islands. Ongoing arc-continent collision between the Sunda-Banda arc system and Australia has increased the area of subaerially exposed land in the region since the mi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park Y,Maffre P,Goddéris Y,Macdonald FA,Anttila ESC,Swanson-Hysell NL

更新日期：2020-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Rising sea levels and increased storminess are expected to accelerate the erosion of soft-cliff coastlines, threatening coastal infrastructure and livelihoods. To develop predictive models of future coastal change we need fundamentally to know how rapidly coasts have been eroding in the past, and to understand the dri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hurst MD,Rood DH,Ellis MA,Anderson RS,Dornbusch U

更新日期：2016-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) introduces single-strand breaks (SSBs) to initiate class switch recombination (CSR), gene conversion (GC), and somatic hypermutation (SHM). CSR is mediated by double-strand breaks (DSBs) at donor and acceptor switch (S) regions, followed by pairing of DSB ends in two S regio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sabouri S,Kobayashi M,Begum NA,Xu J,Hirota K,Honjo T

更新日期：2014-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the role of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the development of facial structures by depriving chicken embryos of the most anterior sources of this morphogen, including the prechordal plate and the anterior ventral endoderm of the foregut, before the onset of neural crest cell (NCC) migration to the first ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brito JM,Teillet MA,Le Douarin NM

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Galanin is a neuropeptide with a wide variety of biological functions, including that of a strong endogenous anticonvulsant. No nonpeptide ligands, capable of activating galanin receptors, are available today. Based on known pharmacophores of galanin, a combinatorial library was designed, synthesized, and screened at ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saar K,Mazarati AM,Mahlapuu R,Hallnemo G,Soomets U,Kilk K,Hellberg S,Pooga M,Tolf BR,Shi TS,Hökfelt T,Wasterlain C,Bartfai T,Langel U

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a full report of our enantioselective synthesis of (-)-longithorone A (1). The synthesis was designed to test the feasibility of the biosynthetic proposal for 1 put forward by Schmitz involving intermolecular and transannular Diels-Alder reactions of two [12]-paracyclophane quinones. We have found that if t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morales CA,Layton ME,Shair MD

更新日期：2004-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the common use of the blooming metaphor, its floral inspiration remains poorly understood. Here we study the physical process of blooming in the asiatic lily Lilium casablanca. Our observations show that the edges of the petals wrinkle as the flower opens, suggesting that differential growth drives the deploym...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liang H,Mahadevan L

更新日期：2011-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction, maintenance, and amplification of tumor-protective immunity after cytokine gene therapy is essential for the clinical success of immunotherapeutic approaches. We investigated whether this could be achieved by single-chain IL-12 (scIL-12) gene therapy followed by tumor-targeted IL-2 using a fusion protein co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lode HN,Xiang R,Duncan SR,Theofilopoulos AN,Gillies SD,Reisfeld RA

更新日期：1999-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:W. D. Hamilton's celebrated formula for the age-specific force of natural selection furnishes predictions for senescent mortality due to mutation accumulation, at the price of reliance on a linear approximation. Applying to Hamilton's setting the full nonlinear demographic model for mutation accumulation recently deve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wachter KW,Evans SN,Steinsaltz D

更新日期：2013-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Focally evoked calcium waves in astrocyte cultures have been thought to propagate by gap-junction-mediated intercellular passage of chemical signal(s). In contrast to this mechanism we observed isolated astrocytes, which had no physical contact with other astrocytes in the culture, participating in a calcium wave. Thi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hassinger TD,Guthrie PB,Atkinson PB,Bennett MV,Kater SB

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The complexed (ribosome-bearing) membrane fraction of Bacillus subtilis contains several proteins (CM-proteins) that are virtually absent from the ribosome-free fraction and hence might be components of the apparatus of protein secretion. We have determined, by trypsin digestion and by labeling with a nonpenetrating r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Horiuchi S,Tai PC,Davis BD

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The CRR1 (Copper Response Regulator) locus, required for both activating and repressing target genes of a copper- and hypoxia-sensing pathway in Chlamydomonas, encodes a 1,232-residue candidate transcription factor with a plant-specific DNA-binding domain named SBP, ankyrin repeats, and a C-terminal Cys-rich region, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kropat J,Tottey S,Birkenbihl RP,Depège N,Huijser P,Merchant S

更新日期：2005-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Small RNAs (sRNAs) are important components of posttranscriptional regulation. These molecules are prevalent in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms, and involved in a variety of responses to environmental stresses. The functional characterization of sRNAs is challenging and requires highly focused and extensive experim...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Modi SR,Camacho DM,Kohanski MA,Walker GC,Collins JJ

更新日期：2011-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Seamless and minimally invasive integration of 3D electronic circuitry within host materials could enable the development of materials systems that are self-monitoring and allow for communication with external environments. Here, we report a general strategy for preparing ordered 3D interconnected and addressable macr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu J,Xie C,Dai X,Jin L,Zhou W,Lieber CM

更新日期：2013-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA "breathing" is a thermally driven process in which base-paired DNA sequences transiently adopt local conformations that depart from their most stable structures. Polymerases and other proteins of genome expression require access to single-stranded DNA coding templates located in the double-stranded DNA "interior,"...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Phelps C,Lee W,Jose D,von Hippel PH,Marcus AH

更新日期：2013-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Coherent oscillations in the theta-to-gamma frequency range have been proposed as a mechanism that coordinates neural activity in large-scale cortical networks in sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks. Whether this mechanism also involves coherent oscillations at delta frequencies (1-4 Hz) is not known. Rather, delta os...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nácher V,Ledberg A,Deco G,Romo R

更新日期：2013-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins that recognize the core sequence GATA are important regulators of hematopoietic-specific gene transcription. We have characterized cDNAs encoding the Xenopus laevis homologues of three related transcription factors, designated GATA-1, -2, and -3. Comparative sequence analysis reveals strong conservation of th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zon LI,Mather C,Burgess S,Bolce ME,Harland RM,Orkin SH

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Specific antibodies against types I and III collagens and procollagens were used to localize these proteins in cultured human cells. These studies indicate that the same cell makes both proteins. No type III procollagen synthesis was observed in cells from two patients with two patients with the Ehlers-Danlos type IV ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gay S,Martin GR,Muller PK,Timpl R,Kuhn K

更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Residents in the marine intertidal, the zone where terrestrial and marine habitats converge, inhabit an environment that is subject to both the 24-h day and night daily rhythm of the terrestrial earth and also the 12.4-h ebb and flow of the tidal cycle. Here, we investigate the relative contribution of the daily and t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Connor KM,Gracey AY

更新日期：2011-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:During mitochondrial ATP synthesis, F1-ATPase-the portion of the ATP synthase that contains the catalytic and regulatory nucleotide binding sites-undergoes a series of concerted conformational changes that couple proton translocation to the synthesis of the high levels of ATP required for cellular function. In the str...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bianchet MA,Hullihen J,Pedersen PL,Amzel LM

更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The influenza virus hemagglutinin polypeptides, HA1 and HA2, have been purified by gel filtration in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate from a vaccine preparation of the recombinant strain Heq1N2. Use of this technique for purification of the hemagglutinin polypeptides eliminated the need for proteolytic agents fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bucher DJ,Li SS,Kehoe JM,Kilbourne ED

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants in dense vegetation compete for resources, including light, and optimize their growth based on neighbor detection cues. The best studied of such behaviors is the shade-avoidance syndrome that positions leaves in optimally lit zones of a vegetation. Although proximate vegetation is known to be sensed through a r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： de Wit M,Kegge W,Evers JB,Vergeer-van Eijk MH,Gankema P,Voesenek LA,Pierik R

更新日期：2012-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites derived from both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways transduce a variety of signals related to cell growth. Here, we report that the AA LOX pathway also functions as a critical regulator of cell survival and apoptosis. Rat Walker 256 (W256) carcinosarcoma cells expre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tang DG,Chen YQ,Honn KV

更新日期：1996-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:During or immediately after synthesis in vertebrate cells, the oncogenic protein-tyrosine kinase pp60v-src associates with the approximately 90-kDa heat-shock protein (hsp90). In this complex, pp60v-src is not functional as a kinase. When pp60v-src is subsequently found inserted into the plasma membrane, it is active ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu Y,Lindquist S

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genotype-phenotype relationships are notoriously complicated. Idiosyncratic interactions between specific combinations of mutations occur and are difficult to predict. Yet it is increasingly clear that many interactions can be understood in terms of global epistasis. That is, mutations may act additively on some under...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Otwinowski J,McCandlish DM,Plotkin JB

更新日期：2018-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:A variety of agricultural plant species, including corn, respond to insect herbivore damage by releasing large quantities of volatile compounds and, as a result, become highly attractive to parasitic wasps that attack the herbivores. An elicitor of plant volatiles, N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine, named volicitin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paré PW,Alborn HT,Tumlinson JH

更新日期：1998-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthetase (DHFR-TS) gene of the protozoan parasite Leishmania major (dihydrofolate reductase, EC 1.5.1.3 and thymidylate synthase, EC 2.1.1.45). The DHFR-TS protein is encoded by a single 1560-base-pair open reading frame within gen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beverley SM,Ellenberger TE,Cordingley JS

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00