Abstract：
:Being born in the winter and spring significantly increases one's risk for developing schizophrenia. This birth seasonality may account for as many as 10% of all cases of schizophrenia. Maternal third trimester infections or vitamin D deficiencies are hypothesized to be the most likely cause and can account for many of the important features of schizophrenia, although each hypothesis has limitations. Alternatively, around the winter solstice, reduced maternal sunlight exposure during the second trimester of pregnancy may result in a reduced amplitude maternal circadian pacemaker, reduced maternal nocturnal plasma melatonin concentrations, elevated maternal nocturnal core body and incubator temperatures, and elevated fetal core body and brain temperatures. Indeed, studies in humans have shown that the core body temperatures of human fetuses near birth may vary by >2.5°C. Reduced melatonin concentrations and elevated temperatures have been shown to have detrimental effects on immature hippocampal neurons in animals. In addition, plasma melatonin concentrations and core body temperatures are critical determinants of the dopaminergic programming of the striatal component of the human central thermostat, which appears to be functioning by the second trimester of gestation and responsive to whatever chronobiological signals its mother correctly or incorrectly transduces from the prevailing meteorological conditions. Both hippocampal and striatal thermostat dysfunction may result in reduced striatal extracellular dopamine concentrations and a tendency towards increased phasic dopamine release-the characteristic biochemical lesion in schizophrenia. Thus, the maternal-fetal chronobiological dysfunction hypothesis could account for the birth seasonality in schizophrenia and warrants further investigation.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Schwartz PJdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2011.02.019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
785-93issue
6eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(11)00070-3journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In this work a new theory of acoustic signal detection in the inner ear and an experimental explanation of the causes of bifilar cochlear structure was presented. Our innovative approach describes sound detection in a completely different way from the one currently adopted. It requires analyzing the inner ear system i...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109636
更新日期：2020-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：:No survival profit has been achieved for patients with disseminated prostate cancer since hormonal therapy was introduced. It is proposed that dissemination of rare prostatic cancer stem cells may lead to metastatic disease and that resistance of these cells to androgen ablation makes them responsible for failure of c...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.06.021
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For many years there was a general belief that the enzyme renin, having been secreted into the circulation by the kidney in response to appropriate stimuli, initially generates the inactive decapeptide angiotensin I in the bloodstream. This is then converted to the biologically active octapeptide angiotensin II by ang...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2000.1201
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that occurs predominantly in children <5 years of age. For the etiopathogenesis of KD, there is no agreement even as to whether KD is an infectious disease or an immune-mediated disease. The epidemiologic characteristics of KD, including...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.051
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The weight of available evidence suggests that leukaemogenesis is a multi-step, complex process. Since there are different types of leukaemia, it seems likely that a variety of distinct molecular mechanisms are involved, arising from different combinations of genetic defects. It is not therefore surprising that studie...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(87)90188-5
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normally, the transport of allergens through the intestinal epithelia to the blood is limited. It is hypothesised that if these compounds arrive in the blood circulation, they must percolate through the epithelial cell layer. Thus, food allergy (and thus atopic eczema) implies an increased intercellular leakage of the...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.10.018
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes etiologically heterogeneous disorders characterized by senile or presenile dementia, extracellular amyloid protein aggregations containing an insoluble amyloid precursor protein derivative, and intracytoplasmic tau protein aggregations. Recent studies also show excess neuronal aneuplo...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.045
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The title enzyme, peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM), is essential to the in vivo generation of a wide variety of physiologically significant alpha-amidated peptide hormones from the corresponding C-terminal glycine-extended prohormones. Over a 20-year period of time a massive amount of experiment...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2003.11.012
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) proposed drinking water standard for radium-226 (226Ra) of 5 pCi/l is evaluated according to its health basis and carcinogenic implications. Proposed health risks of 226Ra in drinking water by other leading theoreticians (Evans, Gofman-Tamplin and Peterson) are also con...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(77)90002-0
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carcinoma constitution originates in the hetero-duplication mitoses (4) which divide non-maturable stem cells into two different types of daughter cells: maturable and non-maturable cancerous stem cells. Throughout the progression of such mitoses, the organoid continuity of the cancer depends only on the non-maturable...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1995.0677
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data on lymphocyte biology indicate that the humoral system of B-cells is specifically active with precise analogies at all mucosal levels. Might there be a corresponding function for T-lymphocytes at the cutaneous structure level? Certain physiological findings appear to suggest that the two main lymphocyte populatio...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(81)90060-8
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disorder which often induces numerous adverse long-term neurologic effects, such as behavioral and cognitive deficits, increased predisposition to additional seizures, and cell injury or death. Cognitive dysfunction, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders are some of the highly preval...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.11.017
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The staggering number of publications featuring the use of stem cells has revolutionized regenerative medicine research. Preclinical studies indicate that allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be useful for the treatment of several clinical disorders, including sepsis, acute renal failure, acute myocardia...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.01.010
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Burnout is a state of physical or mental collapse caused by overwork or stress. Burnout during residency training has gained significant attention secondary to concerns regarding job performance and patient care. The new COVID-19 pandemic has raised public health problems around the world and required a reorganization...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109972
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased longevity is compromised for the quality of life due to prevalence of metabolic derangements and systemic degenerative disorders, as a result of lifestyle changes in modern days. In a craze to improve upon quality of life, use of pharmacological formulations aimed towards symptomatic treatment regimen is man...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.09.069
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is the most common ulcer of oral non-keratinized mucosa, but the treatment is always limited at present. Considering the multifactorial etiology of RAU, a novel therapeutic agent with multi-bioactivties should be presented. Garlic has been recognized as a favorable natural medicine again...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.07.028
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Howard Gardner identified five different kinds of creative activity among eminent creators, namely, solving a well-defined problem, putting forth a general conceptual scheme, creating a product that embodies ideas, stylized innovation of an art form, and a 'high-stakes' performance in the socio-political arena. In thi...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1998.0777
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.027
更新日期：2012-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Several earlier observations by us and other investigators led us to propose a thesis that B lymphocytes, when activated by a virus, allo-antigen or bacterial protein would enter into effector arm of the immune response and cause allograft and tumor rejection or GVH-type of lesion in immunosuppressed animals. These ef...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(90)90071-l
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis is put forward that coronary heart disease (CHD) arises from a chronic imbalance between anabolism and catabolism in the body, induced by the psychosocial environment and mediated through the central nervous system (CNS) and neuroendocrine system. Psychosocial demands increase periods of waking arousal ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(83)90044-0
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbial resistance to conventional as well as newly introduced drugs is a hallmark feature of several infectious diseases, notably tuberculosis. It is hypothesized that the greater the selective pressure exerted by increasingly potent drugs, the more rapidly is an organism able to adapt to a drug-containing environm...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(95)90215-5
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The therapeutic efficacy of thalidomide in erythema nodosum leprosum suggests that thalidomide might play a useful therapeutic role in other human immune-complex diseases. Thalidomide has shown anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive actions in several animal models. Current evidence suggests that its rapid activity in...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(83)90009-9
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herein it is hypothesized that M2-like macrophages or pre-macrophages of fetal origin might play a central role in development and closure of the neural tube. Early in embryonic development, pre-macrophages arise from the fetal yolk sac and track through the bloodstream to reach diverse embryonic tissues, where they m...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109264
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pregnancy is characterized by multiple metabolic processes to allow proper foetal development and ensure adequate stores. Little is known about the interactions between maternal and foetal metabolism during the last phase of pregnancy. Metabolomic offers potential to discover changes in maternal metabolism i...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109543
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tinnitus and temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) are among the most common complaints encountered by physicians. Though the relationship between tinnitus and TMJD has attracted great interest during the past several years, theories attempting to explain this association are still few and inconsistent. Conceivab...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00194-4
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP sensitive (K(+)(ATP)) potassium cardiac channels are recruited when ATP levels are low as in ischemic injury and acute trauma. Such activation results in ECG-ST elevation and cardiac arrhythmias. K(+)(ATP) channel recruitment may be blocked by the sulfonylurea glibenclamide, permitting a wide variety of animal exp...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00055-0
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixty percent of cases of clinical depression are considered to be treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Magnesium-deficiency causes N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) coupled calcium channels to be biased towards opening, causing neuronal injury and neurological dysfunction, which may appear to humans as major depression. O...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.051
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emerging evidences indicate that elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels precede Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. High caloric intake based on saturated fat raises hyperlipidaemia and also promotes AD pathology. As a result, strategy that limits the absorption of dietary fat and attenuates hyperlipidemia could...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.04.046
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a recently discovered multimeric inflammatory mediator that is structurally linked to short pentraxins, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component. PTX3 is produced by a variety of tissues and cells, including vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. Because of its ext...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2012.05.011
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Secretion of ovarian hormones directly into the peritoneal cavity has been repeatedly demonstrated for 25 years, but the consequences of this pathway of secretion have not been fully considered. Circumstantial evidence suggests the following hypotheses: (1) Hormones enter the endometrial cavity through the tubes and i...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00029-x
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
