Abstract：
:Life choice (e.g. occupation choice) often includes situations with two or more possible answers. How does the brain respond to such conflict-ridden situations? We investigated whether the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) evaluates the degree of conflict between possible answers. Additionally, we investigated whether the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) or the medial temporal lobe (MTL) has a function in behavior selection with plural possible answers. We used an occupational choice task (e.g. which occupation do you think you could do better?-dancer or chemist) with two possible answers and a word-length task (e.g. which word is longer?-dentist or comedian) that has a correct answer. The conflicts in each task were manipulated. Results showed that the dACC and the MTL were activated when the conflict during occupational choice was large, and that the MPFC and posterior cingulate cortex were activated more in the occupational choice task than in the word-length task. Our results show that the dACC evaluates the degree of conflict between possible answers, and that the MTL, MPFC, and posterior cingulate cortex have a function in behavior selection without an objective correct answer. It is thought that the MTL functions to reduce conflict when a large-conflict is detected in the dACC. Furthermore, the MPFC and posterior cingulate are thought to have a function of biasing any of the plural answers in behavior selection without an objective answer.
journal_name
Neurosci Lettjournal_title
Neuroscience lettersauthors
Nakao T,Osumi T,Ohira H,Kasuya Y,Shinoda J,Yamada Jdoi
10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.056subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-07-31 00:00:00pages
30-4issue
1eissn
0304-3940issn
1872-7972pii
S0304-3940(09)00578-3journal_volume
459pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In anaesthetised cats, antibody microprobes were used to measure the release of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (irCGRP) in the lumbar dorsal horn during stimulation of non-nociceptive or nociceptive primary afferent fibres. Release of irCGRP was detected in the substantia gelatinosa, where immunostaini...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(90)90684-2
更新日期：1990-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Segments of the mouse sciatic nerve were preloaded with either d-2,3-(3)H-Aspartic acid [nonmetabolizable analog of glutamate] or l-(14)C-proline and the release of these exogenous molecules was evaluated in the fractions of the perfusate following electrical or magnetic stimulation. The electrical stimulation (10Hz, ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.024
更新日期：2009-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Human electroencephalogram (EEG) consists of complex aperiodic oscillations that are assumed to indicate underlying neural dynamics such as the number and degree of independence of oscillating neuronal networks. EEG complexity can be estimated using measures derived from nonlinear dynamic systems theory. Variations in...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2005.12.025
更新日期：2006-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of short-term exercise (15 min step-exercise) on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels was evaluated in healthy human subjects. Results showed a short-term, significant increase in serum BDNF levels after exercise. Intra-individual differences in serum BDNF levels were remarkably small on th...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2007.11.019
更新日期：2008-01-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary component of amyloid deposits found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease is the beta-amyloid protein, a derivative of a much larger precursor protein (beta PP). We have previously reported that overexpression of carboxyl (COOH)-terminal fragments of beta PP from an integrated DNA construct le...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(93)90192-n
更新日期：1993-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular recordings were used to examine the mechanisms underlying the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)4 receptor-mediated depolarization seen in CA1 region pyramidal cells in in vitro hippocampal brain slices. This depolarization was mimicked and occluded by administration of the membrane permeable cyclic adenosine mo...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00113-1
更新日期：2002-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Opioid kappa-agonists had much more potent inhibitory effects on the high K+-evoked Met-enkephalin release from rat brain slices than did the mu- or delta-agonists. The opioid kappa- antagonist, MR2266 enhanced the evoked release of Met-enkephalin to a greater extent than did mu- or delta-antagonists in vitro and had ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(87)90401-0
更新日期：1987-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：:On the basis of the recent cloning of the beta-secretase, the beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme (BACE), (Science, 286 (1999) 735), digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes were generated to localize the cellular expression pattern of BACE mRNA in brain sections of transgenic Tg2576 mice, overexpressing ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01452-x
更新日期：2000-10-06 00:00:00
abstract：:L1 is a highly conserved cell adhesion molecule with complete homology of the cytoplasmic domain between the known mammalian protein sequences. Since the cytoplasmic domains of other adhesion molecules have been shown to influence adhesion, we have investigated the effects of deletion of the cytoplasmic domain on the ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(95)12100-i
更新日期：1995-11-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments were done in conscious rats to investigate the effect of intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline on the induction of the protein Fos, in brainstem neurons. Neurons containing Fos-like immunoreactivity were observed in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the caudal and rostral ventrolateral me...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(93)90270-u
更新日期：1993-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：:We used the mismatch negativity event-related potential to examine how spatial location and feature variation affect the capacity of the auditory system to automatically respond to pairs of rapid (180 ms apart) acoustic changes within a single tone. When a tone first deviated from a standard tone in source location an...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01189-8
更新日期：2003-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The involvement of ecto-protein kinase activity in activity-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) was studied in CA1 neurons of guinea-pig hippocampal slices. Application of 5 microM K-252b, an ecto-protein kinase inhibitor, blocked LTP induced by a theta-burst stimulation (3 bursts composed of 5 pulses at 100 Hz wit...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(95)11342-8
更新日期：1995-03-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes in cytokine and chemokine expression during Wallerian degeneration have been studied using nerve transection models, which result in denervation of both myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells. Cytokine and chemokine response of non-myelinating Remak Schwann cells to loss of their axons is unknown. In th...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2007.11.003
更新日期：2008-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The individual biological activities of many neurotrophic factors and their variants, which are produced by alternative splicing and proteolytic processing, often remain to be characterized. Bacterial protein production combined with protein refolding and purification is a conventional procedure to obtain active neuro...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2011.04.036
更新日期：2011-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyloid proteins are a group of proteins that can polymerize into cross beta-sheeted amyloid species. We have found that enhancing cellular 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) formazan exocytosis is a common property of bioactive amyloid species formed from all of the amyloid proteins te...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2006.07.047
更新日期：2006-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Epidemiological studies suggest that the exposure of the herbicide glyphosate may influence the development of PD in humans. In this study, we examined whether the exposure of glyphosate can affect the reduction of dopamine transporter (...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135032
更新日期：2020-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The possibility that single electrical shock stimulation of somatic afferent nerves could evoke a reflex response in vagal efferent nerves innervating the stomach was examined using anesthetized, artificially-ventilated rats. A single shock to a hindlimb afferent nerve (tibial nerve) produced two distinct reflex compo...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(96)12660-4
更新日期：1996-05-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic demyelination and the concomitant loss of trophic support and increased energy demands in axons are thought to contribute to neurodegeneration in a number of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) play an important role in these demyelinating disease...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134601
更新日期：2020-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:In rats anesthetized with pentobarbital or a mixture of urethane and chloralose, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord (Th7 and Th9) or the posterior pituitary lobe. HRP positive cells were found mainly in the dorsomedial part of the paraventricular nuclease (PV...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(78)90025-3
更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal apoptosis is a contributing cause of disability and death in cerebral ischemia. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) may become a potential therapeutic target for hypoxic/ischemic neuron damage because NF-κB is inactivated after hypoxia exposure. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been found to improve neurol...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.051
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research indicates that threat-induced changes in standing balance are associated with shifts in attention focus. This study investigated whether distracting attention modifies threat-induced changes in standing balance. Twenty-five healthy young adults stood without (No Threat) and with (Threat) the possibility of re...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134635
更新日期：2020-01-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) is an important messenger in the central nervous system to mediate male copulatory behavior. EGb 761, a standardized extract of Gingko biloba, has been reported to facilitate male copulation in rats. The present study is to determine the effects of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the medial ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2011.06.028
更新日期：2011-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The morphology and function of sciatic nerve were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), either control or hydralazine-treated, and in normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats of 6 months of age. In control SHR decreased percentages of class I fibers (20-15 microm in diameter), of axonal NFP-H 200 kDa neurofilam...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2004.03.014
更新日期：2004-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The mouse dopamine D4 receptor gene was isolated from a genomic DNA library by plaque hybridization. The D4 receptor gene encoded an open reading frame consisting of 387 amino acids, interrupted by three introns. Distribution of the D4 receptor mRNA in brain regions and peripheral tissues of mice was examined by rever...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(95)12021-u
更新日期：1995-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies have shown that acupuncture can contribute to the biochemical balance in the central nervous system and maintenance or recovery of homeostasis. It is well known that chronic administration of ethanol may produce depletion or sensitization of extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. The pres...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.043
更新日期：2006-02-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on deactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced currents was studied in the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We report that CPZ (at 30-1000 microM) strongly slowed down the deactivation process in a dose-dependent manne...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02245-5
更新日期：2001-11-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Tourette's syndrome (TS) occurs commonly in children, and dysfunction of dopaminergic system has long been postulated to underlie the disorder. Here, we used two TS rat models induced by 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) and Apomorphine (Apo) to assess an unique dopamine (DA) modulating property of gastrodin (GAS), the...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.051
更新日期：2015-02-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of astrocytes has been studied in whole-mounted horse and monkey retinae by the immunocytochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In the horse, astrocytes were found to be restricted to a narrow zone close to the optic nerve head. This is also the only region of the horse reti...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(87)90556-8
更新日期：1987-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：:It has recently been shown that noise can improve the detection of stimuli in several sensory modalities. We herein investigated whether visual contrast detection sensitivity can be improved by adding a certain amount of noise. The contrast detection thresholds of a light changing brightness periodically were measured...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2006.08.054
更新日期：2006-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Results from various genetic association studies of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) S447X polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease (AD), range from a statistically significant negative association of clinically examined patients to a non-significant but consistent trend for under-representation of the X447 allele in neuropat...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00098-8
更新日期：2002-04-12 00:00:00
