Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Fragrance contact allergy has for long been recognized as an important health issue. In Denmark, the frequency of fragrance mix (FM) I contact allergy increased between 1985-1986 and 1997-1998 among male and female dermatitis patients. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the development of FM I and Myroxylon pereirae (MP) contact allergy between 1985 and 2007 with an emphasis on recent years. METHODS:A retrospective analysis of all patch test data from our database was performed. Comparison of sensitivity rates was made using a chi-squared test for trend. Logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations. RESULTS:Of 16,173 patients, 7.2% were sensitized to FM I and 4% to MP. FM I contact allergy was associated with female sex [odds ratio (OR) = 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33-1.74] and age between 41 and 60 years (OR = 3.20; 95% CI = 1.98-5.21). Significant declines of FM I and MP reactions among women but not men were observed between 1999 and 2007. CONCLUSIONS:Although the frequency of FM I contact allergy has decreased in Denmark in recent years, it is still high. Furthermore, fragrance contact allergy is caused by other important allergens not included in this analysis. Allergic contact reactions to the ingredients of FM I remain a problem in European consumers.
journal_name
Contact Dermatitisjournal_title
Contact dermatitisauthors
Thyssen JP,Carlsen BC,Menné T,Johansen JDdoi
10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01418.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-10-01 00:00:00pages
238-44issue
4eissn
0105-1873issn
1600-0536pii
COD1418journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has previously been suggested as playing a major rôle in the activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Recent reports indicate that cytotoxic CD8+ cells are critically involved in the elicitation phase of contact hypersensitivity reactions. In this study, the in situ expression of IL-12 was investiga...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.042001018.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenomenon of 'sensitive skin' is a relatively recent complaint in which certain individuals report more intense and frequent adverse sensory effects than the normal population upon use of cosmetic (personal-care) products. Originally defined as a minority complaint, sensitive skin is now claimed by a majority of ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01697.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surface-active agents (surfactants) are characterized by the possession of 2 different moieties, both polar and non-polar regions on the same molecule. Surfactants are broadly classified as anionic, cationic, amphoteric, or non-ionic, according to the nature of the hydrophile yielded in aqueous solution. In currently ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00470.x
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::High frequencies of contact allergy to fragrance ingredients have been reported in recent years. Only approximately 70-80% are detected by fragrance allergens in the standard patch test series. This investigation compares the patch test reactions to fine fragrances with reactions to fragrance mix (FM), balsam of Peru ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.0264.x
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bibliographic sources for the complex subject of aroma chemicals are reviewed. The references are not comprehensive but are those which we found to be of value in finding out some of the opportunities for contact with a sensitizing chemical compound, cinnamic aldehyde. ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05310.x
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In cases of conjunctivitis associated with the use of soft lenses, delayed hypersensitivity to disinfecting components of the used soft lens liquids has to be considered. In 7/15 patients, positive patch test reactions to merthiolate, chlorhexidine or the soaking solutions were observed. The significance of these find...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1980.tb04956.x
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Natural and synthetic rubbers containing rubber accelerators are well-known causes of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Latex contact urticaria (CU) has been widely reported, especially when powdered latex glove use was commonplace. Consequently, interventions to reduce latex exposure by altering glove manu...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12356
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simultaneous investigation of the bacterial flora of a soluble oil in use as a metalworking fluid and of the skin of machine operatives exposed to that soluble oil did not support the hypothesis that bacteria in soluble oil emulsions colonise the skin and either initiate or maintain the dermatitis associated with solu...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1980.tb03873.x
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Persian cloth shoe (Maleki) which has been in use for more than 800 years has a strong cloth sole and a woven cotton upper. In the last 20 years, used car tires have become readily available in Iran and the soles of some shoes are now made from these. A man with the typical picture of rubber dermatitis on the sole...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1977.tb03605.x
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An acute viral cold is a very common illness and is characterized by sneezing and a runny nose. Because of rhinorrhea and frequent use of handkerchiefs, the skin around the nose feels uncomfortably dry and flaky. OBJECTIVES/METHODS:To evaluate the nasolabial skin barrier impairment, 14 female volunteers wit...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01425.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The preservative methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN) has been banned, first from stay-on, and later from rinse-off cosmetics, in the EU countries because of increasing rates of contact allergy. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the frequency of contact allergy to MDBGN among patients patch tested by the Danish Contac...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01364.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patch tests help to confirm the aetiology of the cutaneous adverse drug reactions involving delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms, but the results vary with the pattern of skin reaction and the culprit drug. OBJECTIVES:To analyse the results of patch tests in patients with cutaneous adverse drug reactions imp...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01942.x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Nickel Directive will become law in the countries of the European Union in 1996. This directive states that the concentration of nickel in post assemblies (used after ear piercing) may not exceed 0.05%, that products which come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin, e.g. earrings, watchstraps or zippers,...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02386.x
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case of a 40-year-old woman with severe edema of the face and neck after the injection of a local dental anesthetic is presented. The reaction is attributed to the presence of sodium metabisulfite, and antioxidant, in the local anesthetic. Both the anesthetic and the sodium metabisulfite gave a delayed positive pa...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03120.x
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitization rates are influenced by sex and age. Crude rates from different departments cannot be compared without taking into account these variables. However, the influence of sex and age has never been considered quantitatively. In 2 hypothetical populations with identical age-specific sensitizations rates, but d...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02236.x
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disperse Blue 106 is an acknowledged skin-sensitization hazard. However, information about the relative sensitization potency of this chemical is lacking, and to provide this information was the purpose of the investigations described here. The approach taken was to measure dose-response relationships for C.I. Dispers...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00578.x
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patch testing with chemical irritants almost always produces a striking variability in the intensity of reaction between individuals, even amongst normal, healthy subjects. Whilst there have been many attempts to define factors which predispose to heightened or, conversely, to diminished reactivity, the underlying cel...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470503.x
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metallic aluminium and methylene blue applied to human skin interact and give a strong resistant coloration, obtained neither with methylene blue itself nor with other dyes. The reaction proves that aluminium is not an inert material and that the aluminium in Finn chambers can be expected to interact with other patch ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb01031.x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metal to metal prostheses give satisfactory results in 90% of patients. About half of the failure rate may be due to allergic reaction to the metals involved, particularly cobalt. A total of 35 patients in this unsatisfactory group have been patch-tested; 16 were positive to metals, 13 to cobalt, 4 to nickel, and 2 to...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1976.tb02986.x
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical and patch test (PT) features of patients with positive PT reactions to fragrance mix (FM) were studied. 378 consecutive eczema outpatients patch tested with a modified European standard series were analysed. 60 patients (15.9%) reacted to FM. No significant differences could be found between the ages of F...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00516.x
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a widespread, but largely unsubstantiated, view that certain skin types may be more susceptible to the effect of skin irritants than others. One expression of this would be that certain ethnic groups may also be more likely to experience skin irritation. As a consequence, when evaluating the skin compatibilit...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.450605.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contact urticaria to potato was confirmed by skin testing in a 26-year-old male with atopic dermatitis, birch-pollen rhinoconjunctivitis and a history of immediate finger itching upon handling raw potato. The potato peel was non-reactive. The urticarial reactivity to potato could be transferred by the patient's serum ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04315.x
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Nyloprint process is becoming more frequently used in Great Britain. We report a case of contact dermatitis in a 60-year-old man who was employed in the production of Nyloprint formes. The process is described in detail. Patch tests showed him to be very sensitive to an acrylamide derivative, which is used as a mo...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1976.tb03013.x
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allergic contact dermatitis affects a worrying proportion of the general population. The mechanisms underlying this chemical-triggered delayed-type hypersensitivity are still not fully understood. In recent years, basic research has shown that the immune system reacts to contact allergens by activation of signalling p...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/cod.12311
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the results of scarified photopatch testing in 3 patients with photosensitivity to lomefloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent introduced onto the Japanese market in April 1990. The patients developed pruritic eczematous lesions on sun-exposed areas 5 days to 3 weeks after they had started taking lomef...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00860.x
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between January 1993 and February 2002, 40 of 1354 (3%) workers who attended a tertiary referral occupational dermatology clinic were diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from epoxy resin systems (ER). 20 of these patients were followed up at least 2 years post-diagnosis to establish prognosis. Characteris...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00542.x
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To estimate the prevalence of hand eczema, a questionnaire was distributed to 901 male car mechanics. Of the 801 persons who responded, 15% reported hand eczema on some occasion in the previous 12 months, and 57% admitted dry skin on the hands. In a 2nd part of the study, those who reported hand eczema were examined a...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00692.x
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A way of adapting a treatment room for patch test purposes is described. ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05362.x
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) is an azo compound which has been used as a radical chain initiator. The purpose of this study was to confirm contact sensitivity to AAPH in individuals who were engaged in the production of AAPH, and presented with prolonged eczematous eruptions mainly on exposed a...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05803.x
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to some reports in the literature, the hormonal fluctuations which occur during the menstrual cycle may affect the clinical expression of contact allergy to a greater or lesser degree. In clinical practice, too, patient history often shows exacerbation of the contact dermatitis during the days immediately pr...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00588.x
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00