Abstract：
:Antimicrobial agents, delivered either by mouthrinse or toothpaste, can be used to maintain plaque at levels compatible with oral health by (a) reducing existing plaque, (b) preventing the formation of new plaque, (c) selectively inhibiting those particular bacteria that are associated with disease, and (d) inhibiting the expression of virulence determinants. Although many antimicrobial agents would appear to be suitable for plaque control, few have been found to possess clinical efficacy. This is because of inherent problems in the mode of action of agents in the mouth, and with difficulties with their formulation into dental products. Currently formulated antimicrobial agents include metal salts (e.g., zinc, stannous, copper), phenols (triclosan), plant extracts (sanguinarine), enzymes (e.g., glucanase, amyloglucosidase/glucose oxidase), "essential oils" (e.g., thymol, menthol), and bisbiguanides (chlorhexidine). Although many of these agents exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity in the laboratory, they may display valuable selective properties on plaque. The effect of an agent will be concentration-dependent. Initially, the inhibitor may be briefly at levels above its MIC, but thereafter, it will be desorbed off oral surfaces and operate at sub-lethal concentrations. At these latter levels, agents can be effective by inhibiting metabolism (e.g., acid production, protease activity), and slowing bacterial growth. Agents with complementary modes of action are being combined to increase their antibacterial effectiveness. The long-term use of dental products containing antimicrobial agents should not (a) disrupt the natural balance of the oral microflora, (b) lead to colonization by exogenous organisms, or (c) lead to the development of microbial resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
J Dent Resjournal_title
Journal of dental researchauthors
Marsh PDdoi
10.1177/00220345920710071501keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-07-01 00:00:00pages
1431-8issue
7eissn
0022-0345issn
1544-0591journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Adhesion of restorative and protective materials to dentin is an important requirement for operative and preventive dentistry. Wettability and roughness are dentin substrate conditions that are critical to establishing good adhesion. This study examined superficial and deep dentin for variations in water contact angle...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345990780091001
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP-degrading enzyme activities in pulps of healthy and carious human teeth were quantitatively analyzed using the bioluminescence method. The patterns of both Ca2+- and MG2+-activated ATP hydrolysis resembled each other. Increased enzyme activities were observed during injured states. ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345810600020601
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments were performed to determine the role of the immune response in rat periodontal disease. Germ-free rats were fed defined antigen-free liquid diets or a diet containing ovalbumin(OVA) as a prototype antigen. The OVA-fed rats demonstrated increased gingival lymphocytes (mainly T at early times), OVA-sensitize...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345840630031801
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antigenic alterations to the dentin organic matrix may be detected by an immunohistochemical approach. We hypothesized that alterations in the antigenicity of type I collagen and proteoglycans occur in sclerotic dentin under caries lesions. Transverse sections were prepared from carious teeth in the sclerotic zone and...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/154405910608500204
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Continuous etching of aggressive all-in-one adhesives occurs in wet dentin tubules after polymerization of the adhesives. This study challenged the hypothesis that unpolymerized acidic monomers from an aggressive all-in-one self-etching adhesive continue to etch beyond dentin hybrid layers. Dentin surfaces bonded with...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1177/0022034510363665
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) is a key regulatory cytokine for amelogenesis, and ameloblasts synthesize CSF-1. We hypothesized that PDGF stimulates DNA synthesis and regulates CSF-1 in these cells. We determined the effect of PDGF on CSF-1 expression using MEOE-3M ameloblasts as a model. By RT-PCR, MEOE...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/154405910808700105
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seven ATCC strains of bacteria were examined for apatite formation in a chemically-defined calcification-supporting medium and also in a metastable calcium phosphate solution. One, E. coli, calcified in both. One, S. aureus, calcified in the solution, but not in the medium. The other five did not calcify in either. Th...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345810600101001
更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Defects in the enamelin gene (ENAM) cause amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). Our objective was to identify the genetic etiology of enamel hypoplasia in a Caucasian proband. Our hypothesis was that ENAM was defective. The proband and his father have an AG insertion (g.13185_13186insAG; p.422FsX448) in ENAM previously identi...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0022034510365662
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is an autosomal-dominant oral facial disorder. To find a gene mutation in a Japanese family using fingernail DNA samples, we performed this study. We hypothesized that a gene mutation in IRF6 might be involved in VWS, and that fingernail DNA samples may be valuable for detecting such mutat...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/154405910608501215
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate whether the release of fluoride and the antimicrobial effect of freshly mixed glass ionomers could be prolonged by application of fluoride on aged material. Test slabs of freshly mixed and aged (14 d in water) conventional and silver glass ionomer (Ketac-Fil and Ketac-Silver, E...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345930720090901
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MMP-20 (enamelysin), the matrix metalloproteinase family member discovered in the enamel organ, has also been detected in odontoblasts during dentin formation. We studied the presence and localization of MMP-20 in mature human teeth in health and disease. In immunohistochemistry, MMP-20-positive staining was observed ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/154405910208100905
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The synthesis of many polycarboxylic acids is reported. An account is given of their stability in aqueous solution and the properties of cements formed by their reaction with ion-leachable glasses. A copolymer of acrylic and itaconic acids was found to combine several favorable characteristics. ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345800590060801
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Teeth undergo postnatal organogenesis relatively late in life and only complete full maturation a few years after the crown first erupts in the oral cavity. At this stage, development can be arrested if the tooth organ is damaged by either trauma or caries. Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are a treatment alt...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0022034517693606
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to examine the inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts derived from the bark-containing sticks (Neem stick) of Azadirachta indica upon bacterial aggregation, growth, adhesion to hydroxyapatite, and production of insoluble glucan, which may affect in vitro plaque formation. Neem sti...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345960750021301
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an attempt to make a dynamic study of the isoelectric point and the chargeability of human dental enamel, an electrochemical approach was utilized. Zeta potential of three kinds of the enamel was measured by a streaming potential method. As a result, these isoelectric points could be decided. ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345780570022701
更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monolayers of feline parotid acinar cells were infected with feline rhinotracheitis herpes virus. Membrane potentials and input resistances were measured before and during infection. Uninfected acinar cells had an average membrane potential of -51 mV and resistances from 6 to 120 mega-ohms; cells infected for more tha...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345810600121001
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims of this work were (a) to assess the oral bioavailability of fluoride delivered from dentifrices and (b) to test for a possible link between the results and clinical data obtained with the same dentifrices. Oral fluoride concentrations were measured in samples of saliva and plaque taken from seven subjects, af...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/002203459207100S09
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although systemic bone loss accompanying estrogen deficiency has been proposed as a risk factor for periodontal disease in post-menopausal women, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the potential bone-sparing effect of estrogen (17beta-estradiol, E(2)) via modulation of...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/154405910808700214
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When measured once, psychological stress predicts development of painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD). However, a single measurement fails to characterize the dynamic nature of stress over time. Moreover, effects of stress on pain likely vary according to biological susceptibility. We hypothesized that temporal es...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0022034515595043
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism of formation of nodular material on the surface of a Pd-Ag-based alloy for porcelain during pre-porcelainization heat treatment was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, quantitative metallography, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The nodules were found to form by a Nabarro-...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345830620121201
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigators have used chemotherapeutic agents topically for plaque control without knowing the drug concentration necessary to inhibit the growth of odontopathic microorganisms. S mutans, S sanguis, A viscosus and A naeslundii are important components of the plaque flora. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345760550040401
更新日期：1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of the present investigation was to study whether periodic use of fluoride-gel treatments resulted in an increased prevalence of dental fluorosis. 269 children, from 14 to 16 years of age, who had received semi-annual or quarterly fluoride-gel treatments were examined for possible fluoride-induced enamel chan...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345850640081101
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eugenol, in the 100 percent concentration in commercial use, was applied to a circumscribed area, 3 mm in diameter, of rat labial mucosa for 1 minute. Reaction periods of 15 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours were then permitted. Using routine histological procedures for processing the experimental tissues, it was observed ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345780570110901
更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In comparison with control rats. chronic administration of isoproterenol (IPR) caused enlargement of the parotid and submandibular glands and the synthesis of apparently new proteins, probably by acinar cells. The parotid and submandibular saliva secreted in response to methoxamine or IPR differed markedly in protein ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345800590062001
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An in vitro model has been developed for measurement of initial attachment of 3H-labeled human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and periodontal ligament cells (HPDL cells) to sieved dentin powder. Reproducible attachment was obtained and was closely related to the number of plated cells, the amount of dentin powder, the tem...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345930720030901
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expression of two matrix glycoproteins, tenascin and cellular fibronectin (cFN), has been studied in fully developed human permanent teeth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, in both frozen and paraffin-processed material. Polyclonal antibodies to tenascin and a monoclonal antibody recognizing the ED sequenc...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345910700010201
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1986, the first nationwide epidemiological survey of adult oral health and attitudes to oral health care was carried out in The Netherlands. One of the aims of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the quality (in terms of need for replacement) of amalgam and composite restorations in the Dutch adult popula...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345900690060901
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamic changes of pulpal blood flow (PBF) and gingival blood flow (GBF) induced by intra-venous injection of two kinds of vasoactive drugs were observed in dogs by means of Laser Doppler Velocimetry. Intra-venous injection of norepinephrine caused PBF to increase, corresponding to the blood pressure (BP) increase, wh...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345890680050701
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of combined administration of chlorhexidine and fluoride in the drinking water of hamsters on plaque and caries prevention was studied. Plaque indices of the hamsters receiving chlorhexidine either alone or simultaneously with fluoride were significantly lower than those of the control and fluoride only tre...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345770560111401
更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A previously reported technique for staining areas of degradation in dental composite restorations was evaluated in 51 removed restorations. The staining reagent was silver nitrate, which penetrated the degraded subsurface as ionic silver and was subsequently developed into colored deposits of metallic silver. Several...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345910700031201
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
