Neolithic trade routes re-aligned by oxygen isotope analyses.

abstract：:Alkaloids, secondary metabolites that contain basic nitrogen atoms, are some of the most well-known biologically active natural products in chemistry and medicine. Although efficient laboratory synthesis of alkaloids would enable the study and optimization of their biological properties, their preparation is often com...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Parr BT,Economou C,Herzon SB

更新日期：2015-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:In Parkinson's disease, brain dopamine neurons degenerate most prominently in the substantia nigra. Neurotrophic factors promote survival, differentiation and maintenance of neurons in developing and adult vertebrate nervous system. The most potent neurotrophic factor for dopamine neurons described so far is the glial...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lindholm P,Voutilainen MH,Laurén J,Peränen J,Leppänen VM,Andressoo JO,Lindahl M,Janhunen S,Kalkkinen N,Timmusk T,Tuominen RK,Saarma M

更新日期：2007-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical development of an inhibitor of cellular proteasome function suggests that compounds targeting other components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system might prove useful for the treatment of human malignancies. NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) is an essential component of the NEDD8 conjugation pathway that contro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Soucy TA,Smith PG,Milhollen MA,Berger AJ,Gavin JM,Adhikari S,Brownell JE,Burke KE,Cardin DP,Critchley S,Cullis CA,Doucette A,Garnsey JJ,Gaulin JL,Gershman RE,Lublinsky AR,McDonald A,Mizutani H,Narayanan U,Olhava EJ

更新日期：2009-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Photosynthetic dinoflagellates are important aquatic primary producers and notorious causes of toxic 'red tides'. Typical dinoflagellate chloroplasts differ from all other plastids in having a combination of three envelope membranes and peridinin-chlorophyll a/c light-harvesting pigments. Despite evidence of a dinofla...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang Z,Green BR,Cavalier-Smith T

更新日期：1999-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Spontaneous type 1 diabetes occurs when the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-islet cells prevents production of the hormone insulin. This causes an inability to regulate glucose metabolism, which results in dangerously raised blood glucose concentrations. It is generally accepted that thymus-derived lymphocyt...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wilson DB

更新日期：2005-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Clonal deletion in the thymus plays a major part in T-cell tolerance to self antigens. But the mechanism of negative selection, its fine specificity and the threshold of affinity and avidity remains unknown. We have now examined these aspects of negative selection with mice expressing a transgenic T-cell receptor with...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pircher H,Rohrer UH,Moskophidis D,Zinkernagel RM,Hengartner H

更新日期：1991-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The extent to which an organism is selected to invest in defences against pathogens and parasites depends on the advantages that ensue should infection occur, but also on the costs of maintaining defences in the absence of infection. The presence of heritable variation in resistance suggests that costs exist, but we k...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kraaijeveld AR,Godfray HC

更新日期：1997-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Piezoelectric materials, which convert mechanical to electrical energy (and vice versa), are crucial in medical imaging, telecommunication and ultrasonic devices. A new generation of single-crystal materials, such as Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PZN-PT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), exhibit a piezoelectric effect ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fu H,Cohen RE

更新日期：2000-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A major goal of molecular oncology is to identify means to kill cells lacking p53 function. Most current cancer therapy is based on damaging cellular DNA by irradiation or chemicals. Recent reports support the notion that, in the event of DNA damage, the p53 tumour-suppressor protein is able to prevent cell death by s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Raj K,Ogston P,Beard P

更新日期：2001-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Large-conductance Ca(2+)-gated K(+) (BK) channels are essential for many biological processes such as smooth muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release. This group of channels can be activated synergistically by both voltage and intracellular Ca(2+), with the large carboxy-terminal intracellular portion being res...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wu Y,Yang Y,Ye S,Jiang Y

更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Throughout the lifespan of a plant, which in some cases can last more than one thousand years, the stem cell niches in the root and shoot apical meristems provide cells for the formation of complete root and shoot systems, respectively. Both niches are superficially different and it has remained unclear whether common...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sarkar AK,Luijten M,Miyashima S,Lenhard M,Hashimoto T,Nakajima K,Scheres B,Heidstra R,Laux T

更新日期：2007-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Inactivation of APC is a strongly predisposing event in the development of colorectal cancer, prompting the search for vulnerabilities specific to cells that have lost APC function. Signalling through the mTOR pathway is known to be required for epithelial cell proliferation and tumour growth, and the current paradigm...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Faller WJ,Jackson TJ,Knight JR,Ridgway RA,Jamieson T,Karim SA,Jones C,Radulescu S,Huels DJ,Myant KB,Dudek KM,Casey HA,Scopelliti A,Cordero JB,Vidal M,Pende M,Ryazanov AG,Sonenberg N,Meyuhas O,Hall MN,Bushell M,W

更新日期：2015-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies in which cloned immunoglobulin genes were introduced into cultured cells have produced two significant findings. First, the genes are expressed after transfection into lymphoid cells but not non-lymphoid cells. Second, transcription of an immunoglobulin gene requires, in addition to the promoter region,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Foster J,Stafford J,Queen C

更新日期：1985-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In fission yeast, meiosis is initiated by transcriptional activation of the mei3+ gene, under the combined influence of the four mating-type genes. The product of the mei3+ gene acts as a critical meiotic inducer by binding non-covalently to a newly identified protein kinase encoded by the ran1+ gene and inhibiting it...

journal_title：Nature

authors： McLeod M,Beach D

更新日期：1988-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is initiated by the binding of its extracellular envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to the CD4 antigen on target cells. To map the residues of the HIV-1 glycoprotein that are critical for binding and to analyse the effects of binding on viral infectivity, we created 15 mu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cordonnier A,Montagnier L,Emerman M

更新日期：1989-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the discovery of insulin nearly 70 years ago, there has been no problem more fundamental to diabetes research than understanding how insulin works at the cellular level. Insulin binds to the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor which activates the tyrosine kinase in the beta subunit, but the molecular events li...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sun XJ,Rothenberg P,Kahn CR,Backer JM,Araki E,Wilden PA,Cahill DA,Goldstein BJ,White MF

更新日期：1991-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Freeman M

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, including TET1, TET2 and TET3, convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and regulate gene transcription. However, the molecular mechanism by which TET family enzymes regulate gene transcription remains elusive. Using protein affinity purification, here we search for f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chen Q,Chen Y,Bian C,Fujiki R,Yu X

更新日期：2013-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lewis-Jones H

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In developed societies, chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and cancer are responsible for most deaths. These ailments have complex causes involving genetic, environmental and nutritional factors. There is evidence that a group of closely related nuclear receptors, called peroxisome proliferato...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kersten S,Desvergne B,Wahli W

更新日期：2000-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Establishing the age at death of individuals is an important step in their identification and can be done with high precision up to adolescence by analysis of dentition, but it is more difficult in adults. Here we show that the amount of radiocarbon present in tooth enamel as a result of nuclear bomb testing during 19...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Spalding KL,Buchholz BA,Bergman LE,Druid H,Frisén J

更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunomodulatory drugs bind to cereblon (CRBN) to confer differentiated substrate specificity on the CRL4(CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase. Here we report the identification of a new cereblon modulator, CC-885, with potent anti-tumour activity. The anti-tumour activity of CC-885 is mediated through the cereblon-dependent ubi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Matyskiela ME,Lu G,Ito T,Pagarigan B,Lu CC,Miller K,Fang W,Wang NY,Nguyen D,Houston J,Carmel G,Tran T,Riley M,Nosaka L,Lander GC,Gaidarova S,Xu S,Ruchelman AL,Handa H,Carmichael J,Daniel TO,Cathers BE,Lopez-Gi

更新日期：2016-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultrafast time-resolved optical spectroscopy has revealed new classes of physical, chemical and biological reactions, in which directed, deterministic motions of atoms have a key role. This contrasts with the random, diffusive motion of atoms across activation barriers that typically determines kinetic rates on slower...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rousse A,Rischel C,Fourmaux S,Uschmann I,Sebban S,Grillon G,Balcou P,Förster E,Geindre JP,Audebert P,Gauthier JC,Hulin D

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) contains a remarkable array of neural cells, each with a complex pattern of connections that together generate perceptions and higher brain functions. Here we describe a large-scale screen to create an atlas of CNS gene expression at the cellular level, and to provide a libra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gong S,Zheng C,Doughty ML,Losos K,Didkovsky N,Schambra UB,Nowak NJ,Joyner A,Leblanc G,Hatten ME,Heintz N

更新日期：2003-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in PIK3CA, which encodes the p110α subunit of the insulin-activated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), and loss of function mutations in PTEN, which encodes a phosphatase that degrades the phosphoinositide lipids generated by PI3K, are among the most frequent events in human cancers1,2. However, pharmacol...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hopkins BD,Pauli C,Du X,Wang DG,Li X,Wu D,Amadiume SC,Goncalves MD,Hodakoski C,Lundquist MR,Bareja R,Ma Y,Harris EM,Sboner A,Beltran H,Rubin MA,Mukherjee S,Cantley LC

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lecithin is a major structural component of biological membranes. Because of their amphipathic nature, lecithin and related phospholipids tend to aggregate as bilayer structures in which the hydrophilic head groups are orientated towards the surface and the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains towards the interior. A detail...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pearson RH,Pascher I

更新日期：1979-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellulose is the major polysaccharide component of plant cell walls and is the most abundant organic compound on the planet. A number of bacterial and fungal organisms can use cellulose as a food source, possessing cellulases (cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases) that can catalyse the hydrolysis of the beta-(1,4) gl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Davies GJ,Dodson GG,Hubbard RE,Tolley SP,Dauter Z,Wilson KS,Hjort C,Mikkelsen JM,Rasmussen G,Schülein M

更新日期：1993-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Tuberculosis remains second only to HIV/AIDS as the leading cause of mortality worldwide due to a single infectious agent. Despite chemotherapy, the global tuberculosis epidemic has intensified because of HIV co-infection, the lack of an effective vaccine and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Alternative...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mayer-Barber KD,Andrade BB,Oland SD,Amaral EP,Barber DL,Gonzales J,Derrick SC,Shi R,Kumar NP,Wei W,Yuan X,Zhang G,Cai Y,Babu S,Catalfamo M,Salazar AM,Via LE,Barry CE 3rd,Sher A

更新日期：2014-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The hydrosulphide ion (HS(-)) and its undissociated form, hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S), which are believed to have been critical to the origin of life on Earth, remain important in physiology and cellular signalling. As a major metabolite in anaerobic bacterial growth, hydrogen sulphide is a product of both assimilatory ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Czyzewski BK,Wang DN

更新日期：2012-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:In lung diseases such as asthma, expiratory flow becomes limited, airways can collapse and the vital exchange of gases is compromised. Here we model the inflation of collapsed regions of the lung during inspiration in terms of avalanches propagating through a bifurcating network of airways, and find that the accompany...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Alencar AM,Arold SP,Buldyrev SV,Majumdar A,Stamenović D,Stanley HE,Suki B

更新日期：2002-06-20 00:00:00