Abstract：
:Spontaneous type 1 diabetes occurs when the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-islet cells prevents production of the hormone insulin. This causes an inability to regulate glucose metabolism, which results in dangerously raised blood glucose concentrations. It is generally accepted that thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) are critically involved in the onset and progression of type 1 diabetes, but the antigens that initiate and drive this destructive process remain poorly characterized--although several candidates have been considered. Nakayama et al. and Kent et al. claim that insulin itself is the primary autoantigen that initiates spontaneous type 1 diabetes in mice and humans, respectively, a result that could have implications for more effective prevention and therapy. However, I believe that this proposed immunological role of insulin may be undermined by the atypical responses of T cells to the human insulin fragment that are described by Kent et al..
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Wilson DBdoi
10.1038/nature04423keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-11-24 00:00:00pages
E5; discussion E5-6issue
7067eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature04423journal_volume
438pub_type
评论,杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Arid ecosystems, which occupy about 20% of the earth's terrestrial surface area, have been predicted to be one of the most responsive ecosystem types to elevated atmospheric CO2 and associated global climate change. Here we show, using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology in an intact Mojave Desert ecosystem, tha...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35040544
更新日期：2000-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Excavations at the early Neolithic site of Jiahu in Henan Province, China have produced what may be the earliest complete, playable, tightly-dated multinote musical instruments. Jiahu was occupied from 7000 BC to 5700 BC, considerably antedating the well known Peiligang culture. Here we describe six exquisitely made c...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/43865
更新日期：1999-09-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common form of kidney cancer, is characterized by elevated glycogen levels and fat deposition. These consistent metabolic alterations are associated with normoxic stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) secondary to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) mutations that occu...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature13557
更新日期：2014-09-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent theory on sexual selection suggests that females in species without paternal care choose mates by their secondary sexual characters because these indicate genotypic quality which will be transmitted to the offspring. These ideas are not yet empirically supported as data quantifying the relationship between fema...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/337166a0
更新日期：1989-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Haemoglobin is the prototype of an allosteric protein in which cooperative behaviour depends on interaction between unlike subunits. Here we present haematological and biochemical evidence that electrostatic interactions are an important determinant of haemoglobin assembly. Individuals heterozygous for positively char...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/306498a0
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons in the visual cortex respond preferentially to edge-like stimuli of a particular orientation. It is a long-standing hypothesis that orientation selectivity arises during development through the activity-dependent refinement of cortical circuitry. Unambiguous evidence for such a process has, however, remained e...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/25736
更新日期：1998-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：:CD95 (also called Fas and APO-1) is a prototypical death receptor that regulates tissue homeostasis mainly in the immune system through the induction of apoptosis. During cancer progression CD95 is frequently downregulated or cells are rendered apoptosis resistant, raising the possibility that loss of CD95 is part of ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09075
更新日期：2010-05-27 00:00:00
abstract：:It is possible to infer aspects of an organism's lifestyle from its gene content. Can the reverse also be done? Here we consider this issue by modelling evolution of the reduced genomes of endosymbiotic bacteria. The diversity of gene content in these bacteria may reflect both variation in selective forces and conting...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04568
更新日期：2006-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Folding of two monomeric enzymes mediated by groE has been reconstituted in vitro. The groEL protein stabilizes the polypeptides in a conformation resembling the 'molten globule' state. Mg-ATP and groES then promote the acquisition of ordered tertiary structure at the surface of groEL. Folding requires the hydrolysis ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/352036a0
更新日期：1991-07-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal behaviour arises from computations in neuronal circuits, but our understanding of these computations has been frustrated by the lack of detailed synaptic connection maps, or connectomes. For example, despite intensive investigations over half a century, the neuronal implementation of local motion detection in t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12450
更新日期：2013-08-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Many marine invertebrates and fish respond to hydrostatic pressure in order to regulate their depth and synchronize their behaviour to tidal cycles. Here we investigate the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the vestibular hair cells located in the labyrinth of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, and find that it modula...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/415495a
更新日期：2002-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The motility of the gastrointestinal tract consists of local, non-propulsive mixing (pendular or segmental) and propulsive (peristaltic) movements. It is generally considered that mixing movements are produced by intrinsic pacemakers which generate rhythmic contractions, and peristalsis by intrinsic excitatory and inh...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/19973
更新日期：1999-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Fixed nitrogen (N) often limits the growth of organisms in terrestrial and aquatic biomes, and N availability has been important in controlling the CO2 balance of modern and ancient oceans. The fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia is catalysed by nitrogenase and provides a fixed N for N-limited envir...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35088063
更新日期：2001-08-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is selected in the thymus after rearrangement of genes encoding TCR alpha and beta chains. Selection is based on the recognition by newly emergent T cells of self-ligands associated with molecules of the major histocompatibility complex: some combinations result in positive selecti...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/349531a0
更新日期：1991-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Many tissues including blood, skin, gut and germ cells are continuously maintained by tissue stem cells. Under certain conditions, however, other organs can undergo repair using stem-cell-like progenitors generated by cell de-differentiation. Cell fates have been broadened experimentally, but mechanisms allowing de-di...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02436
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deuterostomes are a remarkably diverse super-phylum, including not only the chordates (to which we belong) but groups as disparate as the echinoderms and the hemichordates. The phylogeny of deuterostomes is now achieving some degree of stability, especially on account of new molecular data, but this leaves as conjectu...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02648
更新日期：2004-07-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Gap junction channels are structurally distinct from other ion channels in that they comprise two hemichannels which interact head-to-head to form an aqueous channel between cells. Intercellular voltage differences together with increased intracellular concentrations of H+ and Ca2+ cause closure of these normally pate...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/365847a0
更新日期：1993-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons in the visual cortex typically respond selectively to the orientation, and velocity and direction of movement, of moving-bar stimuli. These responses are generally thought to provide information about the orientation and position of lines and edges in the visual field. Some cells are also endstopped, that is s...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/329438a0
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magma intrusions and eruptions commonly produce abrupt changes in seismicity far from magma conduits that cannot be associated with the diffusion of pore fluids or heat. Such 'swarm' seismicity also migrates with time, and often exhibits a 'dog-bone'-shaped distribution. The largest earthquakes in swarms produce after...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature00997
更新日期：2002-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Oncogenic mutations in the serine/threonine kinase B-RAF (also known as BRAF) are found in 50-70% of malignant melanomas. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the B-RAF(V600E) mutation predicts a dependency on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascade in melanoma-an observation that has bee...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09627
更新日期：2010-12-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The HLA-D region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been shown to be homologous to the murine I region in terms of both structure and function. Both regions encode class II MHC molecules which restrict T-lymphocyte interactions with antigen-presenting cells. We have recently described the MHC rest...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/301716a0
更新日期：1983-02-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The type III secretion (T3S) injectisome is a specialized protein nanomachine that is critical for the pathogenicity of many Gram-negative bacteria, including purveyors of plague, typhoid fever, whooping cough, sexually transmitted infections and major nosocomial infections. This syringe-shaped 3.5-MDa macromolecular ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature20576
更新日期：2016-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Genotypic variation among independent isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is well known, but its molecular basis and biological consequences are poorly understood. We examined the genesis of molecular variation in HIV-1 by sequential virus isolations from two chronically infected individuals and an...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/334440a0
更新日期：1988-08-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The human alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) gene family consists of at least 14 potentially functional non-allelic members; the amino acid sequences they encode differ from each other by up to approximately 20% of their residues. Human IFN-beta, which is encoded by a single gene, is distantly related to the IFN-alpha famil...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/313698a0
更新日期：1985-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The E6 oncoprotein derived from tumour-associated human papillomaviruses (HPVs) binds to and induces the degradation of the cellular tumour-suppressor protein p53. A common polymorphism that occurs in the p53 amino-acid sequence results in the presence of either a proline or an arginine at position 72. The effect of t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/30400
更新日期：1998-05-21 00:00:00
abstract：:BINDING of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) to the TATA box is required for transcription from many eukaryotic promoters in gene expression. Regulation of this binding is therefore likely to be an important determinant of promoter activity. Incorporation of the TATA sequence into nucleosomes dramatically reduces transcr...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/370481a0
更新日期：1994-08-11 00:00:00
abstract：:A central aspect of neuronal function is how each nerve cell translated synaptic input into a sequence of action potentials that carry information along the axon, coded as spike frequency. When transduction from a graded depolarizing input to spikes is studied by injecting a depolarizing current, there is often a rema...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/336379a0
更新日期：1988-11-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Curare has long been regarded as a typical competitive antagonist of acetylcholine (ACh) at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Recently, however, it has been shown that curare can also block the channels opened by ACh at the frog neuromuscular junction as well as on rat and Aplysia neurones; moreover, curare is ab...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/298272a0
更新日期：1982-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Many-body systems in nature exhibit complexity and self-organization arising from seemingly simple laws. For example, the long-range Coulomb interaction between electrical charges has a simple form, yet is responsible for a plethora of bound states in matter, ranging from the hydrogen atom to complex biochemical struc...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01676
更新日期：2003-06-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the discovery of graphene, the family of two-dimensional materials has grown, displaying a broad range of electronic properties. Recent additions include semiconductors with spin-valley coupling, Ising superconductors that can be tuned into a quantum metal, possible Mott insulators with tunable charge-density wa...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature22391
更新日期：2017-06-07 00:00:00
