Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Developmental researchers use a variety of research designs to examine aging-related changes. Most longitudinal studies of aging are based on research designs that feature successive, widely spaced, assessments to estimate changes in cognitive performance. Such designs assume that short-term variations in cognitive performance are small relative to long-term changes or have modeled such phenomena as nuisance parameters. OBJECTIVE:There is now sufficient empirical evidence to establish intraindividual cognitive variability as a systematic source of individual differences and of important predictive value for aging-relevant outcomes. METHODS:After an overview of types of change, potential underlying processes, and adequate analytic designs, we discuss consequences for lifespan aging research. RESULTS:We emphasize that interpretations of both cross-sectional and longitudinal results need to consider and specify theoretical assumptions about short-term and long-term changes. CONCLUSIONS:Above and beyond the analysis of long-term mean changes, short- term changes are an important aspect of aging-related change, and their analysis may help to explain psychological processes of adaptation.
journal_name
Gerontologyjournal_title
Gerontologyauthors
Martin M,Hofer SMdoi
10.1159/000074382keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
7-11issue
1eissn
0304-324Xissn
1423-0003pii
74382journal_volume
50pub_type
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