Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Falls are a significant problem for older adults. Individuals who have sustained a fall come to the attention of health care providers and are at risk of further falls. To promote the highest quality of care and reduce variation in care, a practice guideline is needed. Summarization of evidence regarding falls may be useful to researchers in this field. OBJECTIVES:To provide evidence-based guidelines of assessment and treatment to prevent falls in older adults and to provide researchers with tables of risk factor studies and randomized controlled trials of falls prevention. METHODS:A template for the development of practice guidelines from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research was used. Evidence for risk factors was accepted from prospective studies with more than 80% follow-up. Potentially modifiable risk factors were selected and a schema for evaluating the importance of each risk factor was used. Evidence for interventions was examined from randomized controlled trials and strength of the evidence was graded. Recommendations for aspects of care where judgment was required were made by panel consensus. RESULTS:Information was drawn from 46 risk factor studies and 37 randomized controlled trials to develop a practice guideline consisting of assessment items and recommended interventions for community-dwelling and institution-dwelling older adults separately. For clinicians, a check list is provided. Summary tables of the results of studies are given to substantiate the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS:For community-dwelling older adults, there is strong evidence for multi-factorial specific risk assessment and targeted treatment. Balance exercises are recommended for all individuals who have had a fall and there is evidence for a program of home physiotherapy for women over 80 years of age regardless of risk factor status. For institutional settings, the establishment of a falls program for safety checks, ongoing staff education and monitoring is substantiated by research. Residents who have fallen need to be assessed for specific risk factors and clinical indicators to determine relevant management options.
journal_name
Gerontologyjournal_title
Gerontologyauthors
Moreland J,Richardson J,Chan D,O'Neill J,Bellissimo A,Grum R,Shanks Ldoi
10.1159/000067948keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-03-01 00:00:00pages
93-116issue
2eissn
0304-324Xissn
1423-0003pii
67948journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析相关文献
GERONTOLOGY文献大全abstract::Period life expectancy is one of the most used summary indicators for the overall health of a population. Its levels and trends direct health policies, and researchers try to identify the determining risk factors to assess and forecast future developments. The use of period life expectancy is often based on the assump...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000500955
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the western world. To prevent what will certainly be a tremendous health and economic burden, effective therapeutics for AMD are urgently needed. To develop these agents in a timely fashion, the molecular pathways that cause disease ...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000346169
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaerobic bacteremia occurred in 68 patients over the age of 60 in a university hospital. These elderly patients were more likely than younger patients to have an underlying malignancy. Anaerobes involved included Bacteroides fragilis group (64 isolates), Bacteroides melaninogenicus group (11) and Clostridium species ...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000213011
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Older adults are stereotypically considered to be risk averse compared to younger age groups, although meta-analyses on age and the influence of gain/loss framing on risky choices have not found empirical evidence for age differences in risk-taking. OBJECTIVE:The current study extends the investigation of a...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000487636
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has been proposed that active engagement with life may protect against cognitive decline. However, existing instruments for measuring life engagement have covered limited domains. OBJECTIVE:To present a new instrument to measure engagement with life; the RIASEC Activities List draws on activities categor...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000091829
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We use nerve tissue cultures as a model system for studying the mode of action of centrally acting drugs. Neurons in cerebellar cultures retain a number of organ-specific properties including the formation of complex synaptic networks and characteristic bioelectric activity. Electrical activity may be recorded from Pu...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000212300
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging is a complex biological phenomenon which involves progressive loss of different physiological functions of various tissues of living organisms. It is the inevitable fate of life and is a major risk factor for death and different pathological disorders. Based on a wide variety of studies performed in humans as we...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000097865
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of clinical senile dementia patients underwent a series of cerebrovascular examinations. Some of them were standard examinations (fundus oculi, electroencephalogram, rheoencephalogram, cerebral angiogram and pneumonencephalogram) while the others were studying regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and modificati...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000212183
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropsychological research contributes to a better understanding of cognitive mechanisms involved in making advantageous decisions, which is important for everyday life. Using laboratory gambling tasks, it has been demonstrated that both structural and functional brain changes can result in disadvantageous decision-m...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000248829
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review findings on spousal interrelations in old age in such key domains as cognition, well-being, and health. Therein, we demonstrate that spousal interrelations may extend developmental options but may also make an individual vulnerable to the experience of loss. We address theoretical questions concerning possib...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000211948
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphopenia is a common finding in old people admitted to medical and psychiatric wards. We describe a pilot study of the clinical associations, and prognostic significance of lymphopenia in elderly persons admitted to acute medical and psychiatric wards. Consecutive patients admitted to acute medical and psychiatric ...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000022003
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuron density, volume of the area and total neuron number were measured in the medial preoptic area, supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, anterior hypothalamic area, ventromedial nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in young adult male rats (3.5-5 months old) and in old male ra...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000212507
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in middle and late age. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are located in the nucleolus (nucleolar organizer regions = NORs). There are increased deposits of beta-amyloid protein in the brains of the patients with AD and aged individuals with Down's syndrome (...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000086365
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Different approaches using cell culture techniques to study the biology of aging are critically described. Most of the studies concerned the relationship between cell division potential and aging. The growth potential of cells is fundamental for aging of the organism, since it relates to phenomena such as the regenera...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000022135
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diabetes is common in elderly persons and is highly prevalent in Mexican Americans. Little is known about factors associated with the incidence of diabetes complications. OBJECTIVE:To examine the social, demographic and health factors associated with a 7-year incidence of diabetes complications among older ...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1159/000100443
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyposplenism has been reported in elderly people. However, from previous studies, it was not clear whether the observed alterations in splenic function were a physiologic effect of advanced age itself or a consequence of age-related diseases. As hyposplenism is believed to predispose to infections, autoimmune phenomen...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000021990
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The conditioned avoidance response and the cerebral levels of dopamine and noradrenaline have been studied in control rats and in rats submitted to a hypobaric hypoxia. A protection against the effects of hypoxia was induced by both dihydroergocornine (20 microgram/kg) and dihydroergocryptine (100 microgram/kg), and t...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000212292
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown that vitamin D status may be relevant for physical and cognitive performance in the older population. This association may be of particular interest to older people at risk for cognitive impairment and functional decline. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to determine the associa...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000355667
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of cell proliferation and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in blood lymphocytes treated by mitomycin C (MMC) in young and old human donors. In both the young and old donors MMC inhibited cell proliferation. Spontaneous SCE frequency was not age-dependent. In young donors, MMC induced a dose-r...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000212658
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective study was made of 50 consecutive cases of bacteraemia treated in a geriatric unit. The mortality rate was 24%, the highest incidence occurring amongst the cases of hospital-acquired bacteraemia where only 1 of 7 cases survived the infection. Pyrexia, acute confusion, and falls were the commonest presen...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000213104
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of aortic stenosis is nearly 20% in octogenarians. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the optimal therapy choice, yet many symptomatic patients are denied this beneficent technology. Whether mechanical or bioprosthetic, aortic valves are not a scarce resource and their safety, effectiveness and...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000066502
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, Granacher et al. (2010) proposed an intergenerational approach to promoting balance and strength for fall prevention in children and elderly subjects together. Although this sounds like a stimulating idea, its effectiveness for fall prevention in both groups has yet to be demonstrated. Undoubtedly, fall prev...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000322930
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this work was to study patients' self-appraisal of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and to establish which factors determine dissatisfaction from surgery. The study group consisted of 79 patients subjected to TKA who underwent rehabilitation in a specialized institution f...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000022011
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Paratonia is a distinctive form of hypertonia, causing loss of functional mobility in early stages of dementia to severe high muscle tone and pain in the late stages. For assessing and evaluating therapeutic interventions, objective instruments are required. OBJECTIVE:Determine the psychometric properties o...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1159/000485462
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The specific activities of NAD-linked isocitric dehydrogenase were determined in hypothalamus, cerebellum, pons and medulla, striatum, midbrain, and cerebral cortex (which included the hippocampus) of the female Wistar rat. In ageing the specific activities of this enzyme were decreased in all regions. Chronic treatme...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000212514
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Receptor activator of nuclear factor x03BA;B (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) have originally been described for their key roles in bone metabolism and the immune system. Subsequently, it has been shown that the RANKL-RANK system is critical in the formation of mammary epithelia in lactating females and the thermoregulat...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000371845
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a need for simple clinical tools that can objectively assess the fall risk in people with dementia. Wearable sensors seem to have the potential for fall prediction; however, there has been limited work performed in this important area. OBJECTIVE:To explore the validity of sensor-derived physical ac...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000363136
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alloxan diabetes in Swiss mice of both sexes accelerated the ageing of collagen in newly formed cotton pellet granuloma concomitant with its similar effect on dorsal skin. The degree of response of collagen to alloxanization was dependent on the duration of the treatment and the sex of the animal. It is suggested that...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000212475
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) has been shown to provide the initial ATP for muscle contraction. The effect of wheel running on CPK levels was compared in hindleg and cardiac muscles of young, intermediate-age and old outbred CW-1 and inbred C57BL mice. Short-term (5 weeks) and long-term (over 12 months) regimens were u...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000212849
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The common cause account suggests that there is a third factor causing aging effects in both sensory and cognitive functioning, hypothesized to be the integrity of the central nervous system [Lindenberger and Baltes; Psychol Aging 1994;9:339-355]. Importantly, the common cause account was developed based on ...
journal_title:Gerontology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000279754
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00