Lipid composition and lipid metabolism of Spiroplasma citri.

Abstract:

:In a horse serum-based medium containing a full complement of fatty acids, cells of Spiroplasma citri were seen to preferentially incorporate palmitic acid. In the same medium, which had a steryl ester-to-sterol ratio of 3.64, a steryl ester-to-sterol ratio of 0.23 was seen in the cells, cholesterol being preferentially incorporated over cholesteryl ester. Like most other mycoplasmas, S. citri was shown to be unable to synthesize fatty acids or esterify cholesterol. The neutral lipids of S. citri grown in a medium containing horse serum consisted of free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, free fatty acids, triglycerides and diglycerides. All polar lipids were phospholipids, with no glycolipids detected. These phospholipids, which are characteristic of many mycoplasmas, are phosphatidyl glycerol, diphosphatidyl glycerol, and their lyso derivatives. Sphingomyelin was also incorporated when cells were grown on horse serum. A sterol requirement for the growth of S. citri was confirmed using a serum-free medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin, palmitic acid, and various concentrations of sterols dissolved in Tween 80. The addition of palmitic acid stimulated growth but was not essential for growth. S citri was shown to grow best on cholesterol and beta-sitosterol and was able to grow on stigmasterol and ergosterol to a lesser degree. No growth was obtained using mevalonate, deoxycholate, or taurodeoxycholate as an alternative to sterol. S. citri was also able to grow when palmitic acid was replaced with oleic acid, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid. Alterations in the lipid composition of the growth medium and hence in the lipid composition of S. citri induced changes in the characteristic helical morphology of the cells, concurrent with loss of cell viability. Culture, age, and pH were also factors in determining cell morphology and viability.

journal_name

J Bacteriol

journal_title

Journal of bacteriology

authors

Freeman BA,Sissenstein R,McManus TT,Woodward JE,Lee IM,Mudd JB

doi

10.1128/JB.125.3.946-954.1976

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1976-03-01 00:00:00

pages

946-54

issue

3

eissn

0021-9193

issn

1098-5530

journal_volume

125

pub_type

杂志文章
  • The leucine-responsive regulatory protein, Lrp, activates transcription of the fim operon in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium via the fimZ regulatory gene.

    abstract::The fim operon of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium encodes type 1 fimbriae. The expression of fim is controlled in response to environmental signals through a complex regulatory cascade involving the proteins FimW, FimY, and FimZ and a genetic locus, fimU, that encodes a rare arginine tRNA. We discovered that a...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.01388-07

    authors: McFarland KA,Lucchini S,Hinton JC,Dorman CJ

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Reproducible and rapid methods for the isolation and assay of a-factor, a yeast mating hormone.

    abstract::The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating hormone a-factor has been difficult to isolate reproducibly in sufficient yields by methods using ion-exchange chromatography, probably because of its pronounced hydrophobicity. In this work, a hydrophobic adsorbent (Amberlite XAD-2), in an insoluble bead from, was used to isolate l...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.151.3.1153-1161.1982

    authors: Strazdis JR,MacKay VL

    更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00

  • Characteristics and osmoregulatory roles of uptake systems for proline and glycine betaine in Lactococcus lactis.

    abstract::Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ML3 contains high pools of proline or betaine when grown under conditions of high osmotic strength. These pools are created by specific transport systems. A high-affinity uptake system for glycine betaine (betaine) with a Km of 1.5 microM is expressed constitutively. The activity of th...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/jb.175.17.5438-5444.1993

    authors: Molenaar D,Hagting A,Alkema H,Driessen AJ,Konings WN

    更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00

  • Measuring virulence factor expression by the pathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens in culture and during insect infection.

    abstract::During insect infection Photorhabdus luminescens emits light and expresses virulence factors, including insecticidal toxin complexes (Tcs) and an RTX-like metalloprotease (Prt). Using quantitative PCR and protein assays, we describe the expression patterns of these factors both in culture and during insect infection a...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.183.20.5834-5839.2001

    authors: Daborn PJ,Waterfield N,Blight MA,Ffrench-Constant RH

    更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00

  • Thermally induced intracellular alteration of ribosomal ribonucleic acid.

    abstract::Heating at 55 C causes the intracellular degradation of ribosomes of Staphylococcus aureus MF-31. The 30S subunit of heated cells appears to be selectively attacked. Analysis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) showed that 16S RNA was destroyed and that the secondary structure of 23S RNA was altered. ...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.103.3.833-835.1970

    authors: Rosenthal LJ,Iandolo JJ

    更新日期:1970-09-01 00:00:00

  • A type II protein secretory pathway required for levansucrase secretion by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus.

    abstract::The endophytic diazotroph Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus secretes a constitutively expressed levansucrase (LsdA, EC 2.4.1.10) to utilize plant sucrose. LsdA, unlike other extracellular levansucrases from gram-negative bacteria, is transported to the periplasm by a signal-peptide-dependent pathway. We identified an u...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.186.15.5031-5039.2004

    authors: Arrieta JG,Sotolongo M,Menéndez C,Alfonso D,Trujillo LE,Soto M,Ramírez R,Hernández L

    更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00

  • CS5 pilus biosynthesis genes from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O115:H40.

    abstract::We have sequenced the entire region of DNA required for the biosynthesis of CS5 pili from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O115:H40 downstream of the major subunit gene, designated csfA (for coli surface factor five A). Five more open reading frames (ORFs) (csfB, csfC, csfE, csfF, and csfD) which are transcribed in th...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.181.18.5847-5851.1999

    authors: Duthy TG,Staendner LH,Manning PA,Heuzenroeder MW

    更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00

  • Genome sequence of Herbaspirillum sp. strain GW103, a plant growth-promoting bacterium.

    abstract::Herbaspirillum sp. strain GW103 was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the reed Phragmites australis on reclaimed land. Here we report the 5.05-Mb draft genome sequence of the strain, providing bioinformation about the agronomic benefits of this strain, such as multiple traits relevant to plant root colonization and pl...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.00806-12

    authors: Lee GW,Lee KJ,Chae JC

    更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00

  • Distance between alleles as a determinant of linkage in natural transformation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.

    abstract::Cotransformation frequencies of 16, 39, 51, and 60% were observed when donor alleles were separated by distances of 9.2, 7.4, 6.3, and 5.1 kb, respectively, in donor Acinetobacter calcoaceticus DNA. A different and unexpected pattern was observed when the distance between recipient alleles was reduced from 9.2 to 5.1 ...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/jb.177.20.6015-6017.1995

    authors: Kloos DU,DiMarco AA,Elsemore DA,Timmis KN,Ornston LN

    更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00

  • Lag Phase Is a Dynamic, Organized, Adaptive, and Evolvable Period That Prepares Bacteria for Cell Division.

    abstract::Lag is a temporary period of nonreplication seen in bacteria that are introduced to new media. Despite latency being described by Müller in 1895, only recently have we gained insights into the cellular processes characterizing lag phase. This review covers literature to date on the transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolom...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1128/JB.00697-18

    authors: Bertrand RL

    更新日期:2019-03-13 00:00:00

  • Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of Rhizobium meliloti aminotransferase genes: an aspartate aminotransferase required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation is atypical.

    abstract::In Rhizobium meliloti, an aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) encoded within a 7.3-kb HindIII fragment was previously shown to be required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation and aspartate catabolism (V. K. Rastogi and R.J. Watson, J. Bacteriol. 173:2879-2887, 1991). A gene coding for an aromatic aminotransferase located w...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/jb.175.7.1919-1928.1993

    authors: Watson RJ,Rastogi VK

    更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00

  • Ferric reductase activity in Azotobacter vinelandii and its inhibition by Zn2+.

    abstract::Ferric reductase activity was examined in Azotobacter vinelandii and was found to be located in the cytoplasm. The specific activities of soluble cell extracts were not affected by the iron concentration of the growth medium; however, activity was inhibited by the presence of Zn2+ during cell growth and also by the ad...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/jb.171.7.4031-4037.1989

    authors: Huyer M,Page WJ

    更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00

  • Purification and characterization of fimbriae from Salmonella enteritidis.

    abstract::A human isolate of Salmonella enteritidis which displayed strong pellicle formation during static broth culture and mannose-sensitive hemagglutination produced fimbriae which were morphologically indistinguishable from type 1 fimbriae of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Fimbrin was purified to homogeneity, an...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/jb.168.1.221-227.1986

    authors: Feutrier J,Kay WW,Trust TJ

    更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00

  • Mutations that define the promoter of ompF, a gene specifying a major outer membrane porin protein.

    abstract::Expression of the major porin structural genes, ompF and ompC, is influenced by medium osmotic strength and requires the products of two regulatory genes, ompR and envZ. To help define the sites required for the expression of both porin genes, we have used a novel selection to identify mutations that decrease ompF tra...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.162.3.1054-1060.1985

    authors: Taylor RK,Garrett S,Sodergren E,Silhavy TJ

    更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00

  • Plasmid and transposon transfer to Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

    abstract::The broad-host-range IncP plasmids RP4, R68.45, RP1::Tn501, and pUB307 were transferred to acidophilic, obligately chemolithotrophic Thiobacillus ferrooxidans from Escherichia coli by conjugation. A genetic marker of kanamycin resistance was expressed in T. ferrooxidans. Plasmid RP4 was transferred back to E. coli fro...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/jb.176.10.2892-2897.1994

    authors: Peng JB,Yan WM,Bao XZ

    更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00

  • Pesticins. II. Production of pesticin I and II.

    abstract::Brubaker, Robert R. (Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.) and Michael J. Surgalla. Pesticins. II. Production of pesticin I and II. J. Bacteriol. 84:539-545. 1962.-Pesticin I was separated from pesticin I inhibitor by ion-exchange chromatography of cell-free culture supernatant fluids and by acid precipitation of soluble prep...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.84.3.539-545.1962

    authors: BRUBAKER RR,SURGALLA MJ

    更新日期:1962-09-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic evidence that the uvsE gene product of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is a UV damage endonuclease.

    abstract::An in vitro transposition system, developed to facilitate gene disruption in Deinococcus radiodurans R1, has been used to inactivate the gene designated dr1819 in uvrA-1(+) and uvrA-1 backgrounds. dr1819 encodes a protein with homology to a UV DNA damage endonuclease expressed by Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Interruptio...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/jb.184.4.1003-1009.2002

    authors: Earl AM,Rankin SK,Kim KP,Lamendola ON,Battista JR

    更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00

  • The ATP-dependent HslVU/ClpQY protease participates in turnover of cell division inhibitor SulA in Escherichia coli.

    abstract::Escherichia coli mutants lacking activities of all known cytosolic ATP-dependent proteases (Lon, ClpAP, ClpXP, and HslVU), due to double deletions [DeltahslVU and Delta(clpPX-lon)], cannot grow at low (30 degrees C) or very high (45 degrees C) temperatures, unlike those carrying either of the deletions. Such growth de...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.181.12.3674-3680.1999

    authors: Kanemori M,Yanagi H,Yura T

    更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00

  • 3-hydroxypropionyl-coenzyme A dehydratase and acryloyl-coenzyme A reductase, enzymes of the autotrophic 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle in the Sulfolobales.

    abstract::A 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle operates in autotrophic CO(2) fixation in various Crenarchaea, as studied in some detail in Metallosphaera sedula. This cycle and the autotrophic 3-hydroxypropionate cycle in Chloroflexus aurantiacus have in common the conversion of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and two bicarbon...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.00068-09

    authors: Teufel R,Kung JW,Kockelkorn D,Alber BE,Fuchs G

    更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00

  • Induction of alkane hydroxylase proteins by unoxidized alkane in Pseudomonas putida.

    abstract::In vitro complementation assays have been used to demonstrate the induction of alkane hydroxylase proteins in mutants lacking the ability to convert n-alkanes to their primary alcohols. Purified heptane is an effective inducer in a mutant lacking detectable hydroxylase activity. ...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.123.2.759-760.1975

    authors: Benson S,Shapiro J

    更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00

  • Relative activities of the transcriptional regulatory sites in the rplKAJLrpoBC gene cluster of Escherichia coli.

    abstract::The pattern of transcription of the rplKAJLrpoBC gene cluster of Escherichia coli appears to be complex. At least four different promoters and a transcriptional attenuator have been identified. To compare the relative effect of each of the putative promoters and the attenuator on transcription of these genes, we fused...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.158.1.279-285.1984

    authors: Ralling G,Linn T

    更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00

  • A HilA-independent pathway to Salmonella typhimurium invasion gene transcription.

    abstract::Salmonella typhimurium invasion of nonphagocytic cells requires the expression of a type III secretion system (TTSS) encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). TTSS gene transcription is activated in response to environmental signals and requires transcriptional regulators encoded within (HilA) and outsi...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.181.10.3096-3104.1999

    authors: Rakeman JL,Bonifield HR,Miller SI

    更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic relatedness among mycoplasmas as determined by nucleic acid homology.

    abstract::Reich, Paul R. (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.), Norman L. Somerson, James A. Rose, and Sherman M. Weissman. Genetic relatedness among mycoplasmas as determined by nucleic acid homology. J. Bacteriol. 91:153-160. 1966.-A sensitive membrane filter method to detect nucleic acid homology was used to determi...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.91.1.153-160.1966

    authors: Reich PR,Somerson NL,Rose JA,Weissman SM

    更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00

  • Spore peptidoglycan structure in a cwlD dacB double mutant of Bacillus subtilis.

    abstract::Bacillus subtilis cwlD and dacB mutants produce spore peptidoglycan (PG) with increased cross-linking but with little change in spore core hydration compared to the wild type. A cwlD dacB double mutant produced spores with a two- to fourfold greater increase in PG cross-linking and novel muropeptides containing glycin...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.181.19.6205-6209.1999

    authors: Popham DL,Meador-Parton J,Costello CE,Setlow P

    更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00

  • Immunochemistry of the pneumococcal types II, V, and VI. III. Tests with derivatives of the specific polysaccharides of types II and VI.

    abstract::Rebers, P. A. (Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, N. J.), E. Hurwitz, M. Heidelberger, and S. Estrada-Parra. Immunochemistry of the pneumococcal types II, V, and VI. III. Tests with derivatives of the specific polysaccharides of types II and VI. J. Bacteriol. 83:335-342. 1962.-The type-specific pneumococcal...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.83.2.335-342.1962

    authors: REBERS PA,HURWITZ E,HEIDELBERGER M,ESTRADA-PARRA S

    更新日期:1962-02-01 00:00:00

  • Cosmid cloning of five Zymomonas trp genes by complementation of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida trp mutants.

    abstract::A library of Zymomonas mobilis genomic DNA was constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid pLAFR1. The library was mobilized into a variety of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida trp mutants by using the helper plasmid pRK2013. Five Z. mobilis trp genes were identified by the ability to complement the trp mutants. ...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/jb.170.7.3158-3163.1988

    authors: Eddy CK,Smith OH,Noel KD

    更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00

  • Draft genome sequence of Tsukamurella sp. strain 1534.

    abstract::A draft genome sequence of Tsukamurella sp., an aerobic bacterium isolated from a human sputum specimen, is described here. A new virus or provirus, TPA4, was characterized. ...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.01279-12

    authors: Oulmi L,Gorlas A,Gimenez G,Robert C,Boulahrouf A,Raoult D,Roux V

    更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00

  • The C-terminal domain of AcrA is essential for the assembly and function of the multidrug efflux pump AcrAB-TolC.

    abstract::Periplasmic membrane fusion proteins (MFPs) are essential components of multidrug efflux pumps and type I protein secretion systems of gram-negative bacteria. Located in the periplasm, MFPs function by creating a physical link between inner membrane transporters and outer membrane channels. The most conserved sequence...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.00204-09

    authors: Ge Q,Yamada Y,Zgurskaya H

    更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00

  • Composition of cardiolipin molecular species in Escherichia coli.

    abstract::The composition of the molecular species of acidic phospholipids in Escherichia coli B during the late exponential growth phase at 37 degrees C was determined. Two phosphatidyl groups of cardiolipin, the 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl) and 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl) moieties of cardiolipin, were isolated by limited hydrolysis with p...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JB.141.3.1047-1051.1980

    authors: Yokota K,Kanamoto R,Kito M

    更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00

  • Spy1, a histidine-containing phosphotransfer signaling protein, regulates the fission yeast cell cycle through the Mcs4 response regulator.

    abstract::Common histidine-to-aspartate (His-to-Asp) phosphorelay signaling systems involve three types of signaling components: a sensor His kinase, a response regulator, and a histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPt) protein. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, two response regulators, Mcs4 and Prr1, have been i...

    journal_title:Journal of bacteriology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/jb.182.17.4868-4874.2000

    authors: Aoyama K,Mitsubayashi Y,Aiba H,Mizuno T

    更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00