Abstract：
:Strengthening of synaptic connections has been proposed to underlie information storage in the brain, and experience-dependent increases in synapse number have been observed. However, the effect of these new synapses on the specific connectivity, and thus function, of a given brain area remains largely unknown. We report here that motor learning specifically induces the formation of multiple synapses--two post-synaptic contacts at a single pre-synaptic varicosity--in the cerebellum. Rats undergoing motor learning had more multiple synapses (two Purkinje cell spines contacting a given parallel fiber varicosity) per Purkinje cell than did active or inactive controls. The formation of multiple synapses provides an additional connection between a given parallel fiber and Purkinje cell, thereby enhancing particular pathways, and may constitute a fundamental mechanism of neural encoding.
journal_name
Neurosci Lettjournal_title
Neuroscience lettersauthors
Federmeier KD,Kleim JA,Greenough WTdoi
10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00759-0keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-11-08 00:00:00pages
180-4issue
3eissn
0304-3940issn
1872-7972pii
S0304394002007590journal_volume
332pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Brain edema is among the major complications in children with bacterial meningitis. Aquaporins are integral membrane pore proteins that form channels to regulate cellular water content. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which is enriched in parts of astrocytic membranes that are apposed to pial or perivascular basal laminae, is the...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.054
更新日期：2014-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Cortical cells in primary culture contain active proteolytic enzymes capable of cleaving nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and dynorphins to shorter, bioactive fragments. Cells were divided into subpopulations (neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), and the metabolic pathways in particular populations of the cells we...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00343-x
更新日期：2003-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The analgesic effect of kappa partial agonist opioids (i.e. nalbuphine, pentazocine and butorphanol) is significantly greater in women. Recent evidence suggests that this sexual dimorphism may result from a naloxone-sensitive anti-analgesic effect that is activated along with, and summates with, the analgesic effect o...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00939-x
更新日期：2003-11-06 00:00:00
abstract：:We performed an experiment in which we challenged postural stability in 12 healthy subjects by providing artificial delayed visual feedback. A monitor at eye-height presented subjects with a visual representation of the location of their center-of-pressure (COP) and they were instructed to position their COP as accura...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2009.01.024
更新日期：2009-03-06 00:00:00
abstract：:PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells undergo programmed cell death or apoptosis with DNA fragmentation when deprived of serum. Here, we isolated a subclone of PC12, PC12FrR, that was resistant to DNA fragmentation in a serum-free condition. PC12FrR grew slightly faster, and had cells that were slightly larger than parental...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(95)11585-k
更新日期：1995-05-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Patch-clamp pipettes filled with 50-5000 microM glutamate were placed on crayfish muscle fibers treated with collagenase, formed G omega seals and elicited single-channel currents with a main amplitude of about -8 pA at -70 mV membrane potential, representing a conductance of about 100 pS (19 degrees C). Evaluation of...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(85)90138-7
更新日期：1985-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal treatment of rats with monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG) resulted in extensive degeneration of the inner nuclear layer of the retina. The retino-hypothalamic projection was still functional as these rats entrained their circadian food intake rhythm to the light-dark cycle. A normal proportion of dorsal lateral genic...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(81)90407-9
更新日期：1981-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:PC12 cells, a clonal cell line established from a rat pheochromocytoma, were injected into the subarachnoid space in the lumbar spinal cord of adult rats. These cells invaded the spinal cord as a metastatic tumor and, after 2 weeks, displaced one-third of the cord parenchyma, causing hind limb paralysis. The tumor con...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(86)90437-4
更新日期：1986-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Reversible block of sodium channels by endogenous substances was claimed to account for the fast relapses and remissions seen in demyelinating autoimmune disorders. The pentapeptide QYNAD, isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), blocked Na+ channels in various types of culture...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02420-x
更新日期：2002-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Interaction of beta-adrenergic and somatostatinergic systems in the hippocampus has not been investigated fully. We studied the influence of DL-isoproterenol (ISO), a beta-adrenergic agonist and DL-propranolol (PRO), a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, on the somatostatinergic system in the rat hippocampus. The short-(5...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(94)90701-3
更新日期：1994-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:To study the central effects of adenosine on hypoxia, the influence of treatment by the A1 receptor agonist cyclohexyladenosine (1 microM) or by the antagonist theophylline (10 microM) was tested on cell damage in a model of neuronal culture. Whereas theophylline enhanced cell injury induced by 8 h hypoxia, cyclohexyl...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(94)91092-8
更新日期：1994-07-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia are resident immune cells of brain and activated by peripheral tissue injury. In the present study, we investigated the possible induction of several microglial surface immunomolecules in the spinal cord, including leukocyte common antigen (LCA/CD45), MHC class I antigen, MHC class II antigen, Fc receptor, a...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.009
更新日期：2009-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Classical theories on absence epilepsy suggest that spike-wave discharge (SWDs) represent thalamo-cortical oscillations, where an abnormally excitable cortex interacts with thalamus and brain stem reticular formation. The limbic system is generally not included in any theory about the pathogenesis of absence seizures....
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01.038
更新日期：2007-04-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Functionally active N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors on cat medullary respiratory neurones were revealed by local iontophoretic application of DL-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP7). Blockade of NMDA receptors by systemic administration of NMDA antagonists (MK-801, phencyclidine, ketamine, AP7) in vagotomized...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(88)90452-1
更新日期：1988-05-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of principal neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) exhibiting enkephalin-peptide immunoreactivity is reported to be limited. To better determine the degree of enkephalinergic phenotype in sympathetic neurons, sections of SCGs from rats aged newborn to adult were processed for in situ hybridiza...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(94)90521-5
更新日期：1994-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor-mediated events have recently been implicated in dopaminergic mechanisms of neurotoxicity. 2,4,5-Trihydroxyphenylalanine (6-hydroxy-DOPA, TOPA), the ortho-hydroxylated derivative of the dopamine precursor 2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), has recently been reported to have neuro...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(91)90432-s
更新日期：1991-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute alcohol challenge suppresses the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related potential (ERP), however, the transmitter systems underlying MMN generation/mediating this effect have remained vague. To test adenosinergic contribution, 12 healthy social drinkers participated in four sessions, i...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00897-6
更新日期：2000-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Direct projections from the A1/C1 catecholaminergic cell group in the caudal ventrolateral medulla oblongata to neurons containing vasopressin (VP) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) were studied electron microscopically by a double-labeling technique which combines anterograde tracing after injection of wheat germ agglu...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(92)90828-u
更新日期：1992-12-14 00:00:00
abstract：:A replication-defective recombinant adenoviral vector containing E. coli lacZ gene was injected into the gastrocnemius muscles of transgenic mice carrying mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene and non-transgenic wild-type mice at 40 weeks of age. After 60 and 90 h of the injection, lacZ staining was observed a...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02036-5
更新日期：2001-08-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The TRPV1 capsaicin receptor is a non-selective cation channel localized in the cell membrane of a subset of primary sensory neurons and functions as an integrator molecule in nociceptive/inflammatory processes. The present paper characterizes the effects of SB366791, a novel TRPV1 antagonist, on capsaicin-evoked resp...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2005.05.015
更新日期：2005-09-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding α-synuclein (SNCA) is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), as common genetic variability in this gene is associated with an elevated risk of developing PD. However, the relevant mechanisms are still poorly understood. So fa...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.029
更新日期：2015-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) metabolism in NIH:N mouse cerebral cortex and spinal cord was studied with high pressure liquid chromatography. Degradation of added TRH was significantly (P less than 0.001) slower in the spinal cord (2.19 +/- 0.46%/min) than in the cerebral cortex (7.54 +/- 0.31%/min). Bacitracin,...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(86)90560-4
更新日期：1986-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to investigate the accuracy of location of equivalent current dipoles estimated by the dipole tracing method (DT) utilizing a realistic 3-shell (scalp-skull-brain) head model (SSB-DT). Three patients with intractable complex partial seizures, diagnosed as having typical temporal seizures w...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01746-3
更新日期：2001-05-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurotrophic factors may be used to improve the growth and repair of injured peripheral nerves. In this study we determined the effectiveness of recombinant human growth hormone on peripheral nerve injury in the Wistar rat. The ulnar nerve of the rat was sectioned and its proximal and distal ends were sutured to eithe...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.020
更新日期：2011-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The insular cortex (IC) processes multimodal sensory information including gustatory, visceral, nociceptive, and thermal sensation, and is considered to play a role in the regulation of homeostasis. The IC receives dense histaminergic projection from the tuberomamillary nucleus in the hypothalamus, and recent studies ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.056
更新日期：2012-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The involvement of protein kinases A and C in the induction of low frequency stimulation-induced long-term depression (LTD) in the medial perforant path of the dentate gyrus in vitro has been studied using the selective PKA inhibitors H-89 and KT 5720 and PKC inhibitors Bisindolylmaleimide and Ro-31-8220. The PKC inhi...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00561-3
更新日期：1999-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and high-performance liquid chromatography to be present in the great majority of neurons in the geniculate ganglion of rat and man. This was in contrast to findings in the sphenopalatine ganglion of rat, where only little GRP was found, and in t...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(92)90562-l
更新日期：1992-05-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Two types of mRNAs for neurofibromin isoforms, which are produced by Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) gene, have so far been identified. In the present study, we analyzed the differential expression of the two NF1 mRNAs in 16 cases of human astrocytic tumors and in surrounding normal tissues by the RNA-polym...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(95)11875-w
更新日期：1995-08-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic activation of protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in regulation of Ca2+ entry responsible for normal development of transmitter properties in cultured sympathetic neurons. The idea that PKC alters the expression of Ca2+ channels was tested using phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) which activates PKC and als...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00427-8
更新日期：1997-06-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The main purpose of the present paper was: (1) to study the phase synchronization pattern in the gamma-band while performing the classical Shepard-Metzler task of mental rotation; (2) to investigate the role of musical training; and (3) to study hemispheric differences in the degree of synchronization during mental ro...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02133-4
更新日期：2001-09-21 00:00:00
