Fine mapping of susceptibility genes by Lewontin's linkage disequilibrium measure with application to Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES:To formulate an equation for fine mapping of disease loci under complex conditions and determine the marker-disease distance in a specific case using this equation. METHODS:Lewontin's linkage disequilibrium (LD) measure D' was used to formulate an equation for mapping disease genes in the presence of phenocopies, locus heterogeneity, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, incomplete penetrance, uncertain liability and threshold, incomplete initial LD, natural selection, recurrent mutation, high disease allele frequency and unknown mode of inheritance. This equation was then used to determine the distance between a marker ( epsilon 4 within the apolipoprotein E gene, APOE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) loci using published data. RESULTS:An equation was formulated for mapping disease genes under the above conditions.If these conditions are present but ignored, then recombination fraction theta between marker and disease loci will be either overestimated or estimated with little bias. Therefore, an upper limit of theta can be obtained. AD has been found to be associated with the marker allele epsilon 4 in Africans, Asians, and Caucasians. This suggests that the AD- epsilon 4 allelic LD predates the divergence of peoples occurring 100 000 years ago. With the age of AD- epsilon 4 allelic LD so estimated, the maximal distance was calculated to be 23.2 kb (mean 5.8 kb). CONCLUSIONS:(1) A method is developed for LD mapping of susceptibility genes. (2) A mutation within the APOE gene itself, among others, is responsible for the susceptibility to AD, which is supported by recent evidence from studies using transgenic mice.

journal_name

Chin Med J (Engl)

journal_title

Chinese medical journal

authors

Gong G,Haynatzki G,Deng HW,Recker RR,Mordeson J,Cheng SC,Fong N

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2002-08-01 00:00:00

pages

1233-40

issue

8

eissn

0366-6999

issn

2542-5641

journal_volume

115

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Hepatitis B virus DNA detected by PCR in sera and liver tissues of Chinese patients with chronic liver diseases.

    abstract::To investigate the HBV infection and its replication in Chinese patients with chronic liver disease, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect hepatitis B virus DNA in sera of 410 patients with chronic liver disease and liver samples from 188 patients. The HBV DNA detectability in all serum samples was 58...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Zhang YY,Guo LS,Li L,Zhang YD,Hao LJ,Hansson BG,Nordenfelt E

    更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00

  • Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in China: an analysis of 39,238 cases.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in China. METHODS:All Chinese articles about laparoscopic cholecystectomy published between April 1994 and November 1995 were identified through CMCC (Chinese Medical Computerized Contents). From more than 600 titles, 105 articles were screened...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Huang X,Feng Y,Huang Z

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Living near a Major Road in Beijing: Association with Lower Lung Function, Airway Acidification, and Chronic Cough.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The effects of near-road pollution on lung function in China have not been well studied. We aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on lung function, airway inflammation, and respiratory symptoms. METHODS:We enrolled 1003 residents aged 57.96 ± 8.99 years livi...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.4103/0366-6999.189923

    authors: Hu ZW,Zhao YN,Cheng Y,Guo CY,Wang X,Li N,Liu JQ,Kang H,Xia GG,Hu P,Zhang PJ,Ma J,Liu Y,Zhang C,Su L,Wang GF

    更新日期:2016-09-20 00:00:00

  • Relevant factors of estrogen changes of myopia in adolescent females.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Gender is one of the risk factors accounting for the high prevalence of adolescent myopia. Considerable research results have shown that myopia incidence of female is higher than that of male. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between ocular parameters and serum estrogen level and to investigate th...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.4103/0366-6999.151669

    authors: Gong JF,Xie HL,Mao XJ,Zhu XB,Xie ZK,Yang HH,Gao Y,Jin XF,Pan Y,Zhou F

    更新日期:2015-03-05 00:00:00

  • Prevalence of depression in coronary heart disease in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Coronary heart diseases (CHD) have been identified as one of topmost diseases affecting the Chinese population. However, depression in CHD has not been reported and there are limited high quality empirical studies in China focused on the prevalence of the comorbidity. This study aimed to estimate the pooled ...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:

    authors: Ren Y,Yang H,Browning C,Thomas S,Liu M

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • The signal transduction pathway in the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells induced by urotensin II.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Human urotensin II (UII) is the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor identified so far. Our previous study showed that UII is a potent mitogen of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) inducing ASMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The signal transduction pathway of UII mitogenic effect remains to be cl...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Chen YH,Zhao MW,Yao WZ,Pang YZ,Tang CS

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Quantitative computed tomography measurement of cross-sectional area of small pulmonary vessels in asthmatic patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Cross-sectional area (CSA) for small pulmonary vessels is considered a parameter of pulmonary vessel alterations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study was to evaluate the correlation of CSA with airflow obstruction parameters in asthma. Furthermore, we aimed to measure the differ...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000000367

    authors: Wang J,Li MJ,Chang C

    更新日期:2019-08-20 00:00:00

  • Delayed graft function is correlated with graft loss in recipients of expanded-criteria rather than standard-criteria donor kidneys: a retrospective, multicenter, observation cohort study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the use of expanded-criteria donors (ECDs) alleviates the problem of organ shortage, it significantly increases the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF). DGF is a common complication after kidney transplantation; however, the effect of DGF on graft loss is uncertain based on the published liter...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000000666

    authors: Han F,Lin MZ,Zhou HL,Li H,Sun QP,Huang ZY,Hong LQ,Wang G,Cai RM,Sun QQ

    更新日期:2020-03-05 00:00:00

  • Establishment of endometriotic models: the past and future.

    abstract::Endometriosis is a prevalent chronic disease that affects approximately 6% to 10% of reproductive-aged women. Although numerous researchers have endeavored to explore the etiology of endometriosis over a century, its etiology still remains an enigma. The exploration of pathophysiologic mechanism and novel therapy for ...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000000885

    authors: Gu ZY,Jia SZ,Leng JH

    更新日期:2020-07-20 00:00:00

  • Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells expressing both chemotactic cytokines IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES and their receptors, and their selective migration to these chemokines.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To characterize the mRNA expression of CXC chemokine IL-8, CC chemokine monocyte chemothractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and a newly defined DC chemokine DC-CK1 as well as the expression of IL-8 receptor, MCP-1 receptor and RANTES receptor i...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Zhu K,Shen Q,Ulrich M,Zheng M

    更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of catecholamine-beta-adrenoceptor-cAMP system on severe patients with heart failure.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between catecholamine-beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR)-adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) system and long-term prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS:The study population comprised 73 patients with CHF (EF: 23% +/- 10%) with a mean follow-up of 3.8 +/- 1....

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Peng Y,Shan J,Qi X,Xue H,Rong C,Yao D,Guo Z,Zheng S

    更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00

  • Vitamin D and calcium metabolism in children with nephrotic syndrome of normal renal function.

    abstract::This study demonstrates that there are distinct abnormalities of vitamin D and calcium metabolism in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and normal renal function. In patients with active NS, serum calcium, ionized calcium, 25-OHD3 and CT were decreased, plasma PTH level was increased and serum ALP was elevated. The...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Huang JP,Bai KM,Wang BL

    更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00

  • Type IV secretion system in Helicobacter pylori: a new insight into pathogenicity.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress on Type IV secretion system (T4SS) in Helicobacter pylori. DATA SOURCES:The data used in this review were identified by searching of PUBMED (1995 - 2007) online resources using the key terms 'Type IV secretion system' and 'Helicobacter pylori'. STUDY SELECTION:Mainly original...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Zhong Q,Shao SH,Cui LL,Mu RH,Ju XL,Dong SR

    更新日期:2007-12-05 00:00:00

  • Studies on the environment structure of natural nidi and epidemic areas of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China.

    abstract::The environment structure of natural nidi and epidemic areas of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) possesses characteristics of topography, hydrology, climate, soil, vegetation, and animals. The natural nidi and epidemic areas of HFRS are distributed mainly in plain and hilly regions under 500 meters above t...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Chen HX,Qiu FX

    更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00

  • Value of Combining Left Atrial Diameter and Amino-terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide to the CHA2DS2-VASc Score for Predicting Stroke and Death in Patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome after Pacemaker Implantation.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The CHA2DS2-VASc score is used clinically for stroke risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to investigate whether the CHA2DS2-VASc score predicts stroke and death in Chinese patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) after pacemaker implantation and to evaluate whether the pre...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.4103/0366-6999.211881

    authors: Mo BF,Lu QF,Lu SB,Xie YQ,Feng XF,Li YG

    更新日期:2017-08-20 00:00:00

  • Effect of an Ilex asprella root decoction on the related genes of lipid metabolism from chronic stress and hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The gradually increasing changes in a human hyperlipidemic diet along with chronic stress might play an important role in the increased numbers of fatty liver. This study investigated the effects of Ilex asprella root decoction on related genes of lipid metabolism in chronic stress in hyperlipidemic fatty li...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Hu XY,Shu XC,Guo Y,Ma Y

    更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00

  • Changes in serum ammonia concentration in cirrhotic patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study whether liver cirrhosis associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection will induce increased serum ammonia and whether the peripheral serum ammonia reflects the level of portal vein serum ammonia. METHODS:Blood was taken from the portal vein and the cubital vein in cirrhotic patients with...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Si J,Cao Q,Gao M,Fang L,Qian G,Wang Y

    更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00

  • Fluoroscopy-guided Bipolar Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation Treatment for Discogenic Low Back Pain.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The efficacy of percutaneous intradiscal radiofrequency thermocoagulation (PIRFT) for the treatment of discogenic low back pain (LBP) remains controversial. However, all the PIRFT studies utilized monopolar radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC). The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and effic...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.4103/0366-6999.190682

    authors: Zhang L,Ding XL,Zhao XL,Wang JN,Li YP,Tian M

    更新日期:2016-10-05 00:00:00

  • The effect of folic acid on the development of stomach and other gastrointestinal cancers.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the roles of folic acid and beta-carotene in the chemoprevention of gastric and other gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. METHODS:In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 216 patients with atrophic gastritis were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: (1) folate (FA, 2...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:

    authors: Zhu S,Mason J,Shi Y,Hu Y,Li R,Wahg M,Zhou Y,Jin G,Xie Y,Wu G,Xia D,Qian Z,Sohg H,Zhang L,Russell R,Xiao S

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Beneficial effects of a diabetes specific formula on insulin sensitivity and free fatty acid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:This prospective, randomized, controlled study was designed to investigate the effects of a diabetes specific formula (Diason low energy: 313.8 kJ/100 ml), compared with a standard formula, on insulin sensitivity, serum C peptide, serum lipids and free fatty acid (FFA) in type 2 diabetics. METHODS:In total ...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:

    authors: Li YX,Zeng JB,Yu K,Sun Q,Liu QY,Qin W,Zhang Q,Yu JC,Wang H

    更新日期:2008-04-20 00:00:00

  • Induction of T-cell immunity against leukemia by dendritic cells pulsed with total RNA isolated from leukemia cells.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the feasibility and efficacy of eliciting leukemia-specific T-cell responses in syngeneic mice in vitro and in vivo using dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with total RNA from leukemia cells. METHODS:DCs generated from bone marrow culture in vitro in the presence of combined cytokines were pulsed with ...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Li M,You S,Ge W,Ma S,Ma N,Zhao C

    更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00

  • Could Intrathymic Injection of Myelin Basic Protein Suppress Inflammatory Response After Co-culture of T Lymphocytes and BV-2 Microglia Cells?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The interaction between activated microglia and T lymphocytes can yield abundant pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our previous study proved that thymus immune tolerance could alleviate the inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate whether intrathymic injection of myelin basic protein (MBP) in mice co...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.4103/0366-6999.178955

    authors: Cui ZQ,Liu BL,Wu QL,Cai Y,Fan WJ,Zhang MC,Ding WL,Zhang B,Kang JM,Yan H

    更新日期:2016-04-05 00:00:00

  • In vivo administration of Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand effectively stimulates lung dendritic cell expansion in mice.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important professional antigen presenting cells that play a key role in initiating adaptive immune responses. The depletion and dysfunction of DCs contribute to the development of immunodeficiency or immunoparalysis in some lung diseases. In the present study, we investigat...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Wang HW,Lu JY,Wang L,Tian G

    更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00

  • Induction of islet transplantation tolerance with anti-CD4, anti-CD8 immunotoxins and donor soluble antigen.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To induce islet grafting tolerance by intravenous injection of anti-CD4, anti-CD8 immunotoxins and donor soluble antigen. METHODS:Fourteen days or 7 days prior to transplantation, the immunotoxin of anti-CD4, anti-CD8 200 micrograms respectively, and donor soluble antigen 500 micrograms were intravenously in...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Lan P,Yan L,Xiao L

    更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00

  • Characteristics of coronary microvascular lesions in autopsied elderly with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To observe the characteristics of coronary microvascular lesions (CML) in the autopsied elderly cases with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the difference of CML among the groups of essential hypertension (EHT), coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes (NIDDM) also with LVH. METHODS:A ret...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Li X,Li R,Yu W,Shi H,Wei L

    更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00

  • Stable clonal expansion of the T-cell receptor V beta 6, V beta 17 and V beta 19 T cells in a cGVHD case using genescan analysis.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the distribution and clonality of the T-cell receptor (TCR) V beta repertoire in chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD). METHODS:The complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of the TCR beta gene with 24 variable regions was amplified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells drawn from one c...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Li Y,Du X,Xu M,Zhang T,Yang L,Chen S

    更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00

  • Long-term follow-up study of 72 patients with transient ischemic attacks.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To observe the long-term follow-up of 72 patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and evaluate the clinical significance of neurovascular surgical indication. METHODS:Seventy-two patients with TIA collected from years 1959 to 1977 were followed up by means of face-to-face communication with the patients...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Gong T,Wang X

    更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00

  • Relationship between Apolipoprotein Superfamily and Parkinson's Disease.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Parkinson's disease (PD) is featured with motor disorder and nonmotor manifestations including psychological symptoms, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and paresthesia, which results in great inconvenience to the patients' life. The apolipoprotein (Apo) superfamily, as a group of potentially modifiable b...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.4103/0366-6999.217092

    authors: Li L,Liu MS,Li GQ,Tang J,Liao Y,Zheng Y,Guo TL,Kang X,Yuan MT

    更新日期:2017-11-05 00:00:00

  • A clinical neurophysiology study of Hirayama disease.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Hirayama disease is a rare disease characterized by juvenile-onset of asymmetric amyotrophy, of which etiology has not been clarified. The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical and neurophysiologic characteristics of Hirayama disease. METHODS:Neurophysiological tests, including nerve conduction s...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Wang XN,Cui LY,Liu MS,Guan YZ,Li BH,DU H

    更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00

  • DNA vaccine pCD-Sj32 and its efficacy of protective immunity against infection of Schistosoma japonicum.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study protective immunity afforded by murine immunization with DNA vaccine of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) as measured by reduction in worm burden and host antibody, cytokines. METHODS:DNA vaccine pCD-Sj32 was constructed, identified and expressed. pCD-Sj32 could induce substantial protective immu...

    journal_title:Chinese medical journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Shi Y,Xie L,Li C,Han J

    更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00