Structural implications for the transformation of the Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins from water-soluble to membrane-inserted forms.

abstract：:Here, we describe a recently discovered O-GlcNAc transferase termed EOGT for EGF domain-specific O-GlcNAc transferase. EOGT transfers GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) to Ser or Thr in secreted and membrane proteins that contain one or more epidermal growth factor-like repeats with a specific consensus sequence. Thus, EOGT...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Varshney S,Stanley P

更新日期：2017-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The progression of Type 2 diabetes is accompanied by diminishing islet β-cell mass and function. It has been proposed that β-cells are lost not only through apoptosis, but also by dedifferentiating into progenitor-like cells. There is therefore much interest in the mechanisms which define and maintain β-cell identity....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pullen TJ,Rutter GA

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After the discovery of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) as a risk factor for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) and mutations in LRRK2 as a cause of some forms of familial PD, there has been substantial interest in finding chemical modulators of LRRK2 function. Most of the pathogenic mutations in LRRK2 are within t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mortiboys H

更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation and dyslipidaemia both play important roles in the development of glomerular atherosclerosis in renal diseases. We have demonstrated that inflammatory mediators induced Scr (scavenger receptor) expression and the formation of foam cells, and that AP-1 (activator protein 1)/ets were necessary transcription...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ruan XZ,Moorhead JF,Fernando R,Wheeler DC,Powis SH,Varghese Z

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many microalgae are known to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAGs), especially under nitrate starvation. Generally, these TAGs are predominantly constructed of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, the TAGs of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum are rich in arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 omega6) and eic...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cohen Z,Khozin-Goldberg I,Adlerstein D,Bigogno C

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is emerging in the eyes of many as the most promising candidate of all the schizophrenia risk genes. This viewpoint is derived from the combination of genetic, clinical, imaging and rapidly advancing cell biology data around this gene. All of these areas have been reviewed extensiv...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Brandon NJ

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After years of setbacks, the perspective of neuroprotective stroke therapy has revived in light of recent study results. We outline in this review how a neuroprotective candidate drug should be developed, beginning with a thorough preclinical evaluation according to the STAIR (Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtab...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Schäbitz WR,Fisher M

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An important aspect of the cytochrome c electrochemistry is the possibility of coupling the 'heterogeneous reactions' with other redox enzymes. Cellobiose dehydrogenase, a 89170 Da glycoprotein that contains both FAD and a b-type haem as prosthetic groups, donates electrons to a number of acceptors, including cytochro...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Fridman V,Wollenberger U,Bogdanovskaya V,Lisdat F,Ruzgas T,Lindgren A,Gorton L,Scheller FW

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the Edmonton protocol, a number of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus have remained insulin-independent for prolonged periods of time. In spite of this success, transplantation of islets from cadaver donors will remain a therapy for very few patients owing to a lack of donors. Thus, if cell therapy should be...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Semb H

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) mRNA is expressed in a panoply of tissues, including the brain, where it is widely distributed. In the mouse brain, it is expressed in the hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, dorsomedial, ventromedial and arcuate nuclei), the thalamus (submedius nucleus) and the brain-stem (dors...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Richard D,Clavel S,Huang Q,Sanchis D,Ricquier D

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein aggregation is being found to be associated with an increasing number of human diseases. Aggregation can lead to a loss of function (lack of active protein) or to a toxic gain of function (cytotoxicity associated with protein aggregates). Although potentially harmful, protein sequences predisposed to aggregati...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sanchez de Groot N,Torrent M,Villar-Piqué A,Lang B,Ventura S,Gsponer J,Babu MM

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic gene circuits allow us to govern cell behavior in a programmable manner, which is central to almost any application aiming to harness engineered living cells for user-defined tasks. Transcription factors (TFs) constitute the 'classic' tool for synthetic circuit construction but some of their inherent constra...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Santos-Moreno J,Schaerli Y

更新日期：2020-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The intestinal epithelium represents one of our most important interfaces with the external environment. It must remain tightly balanced to allow nutrient absorption, but maintain barrier function and immune homoeostasis, a failure of which results in chronic infection or debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Worthington JJ

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three mammalian expression systems suitable for expressing recombinant receptors have been described. Each is suited to a different aspect of the study of receptors and their behaviour. IRES-based vectors are ideal for creating stable mammalian cell lines suitable for screening receptors using a signalling readout. Un...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rhodes AD,Bevan N,Patel K,Lee M,Rees S

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to permit gene expression is managed by a set of relatively well known regulatory mechanisms. Nonetheless, this property can also be acquired during a life span as a consequence of environmental stimuli. Interestingly, some acquired information can be passed to the next generation of individuals without mo...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mazaira GI,Daneri-Becerra C,Zgajnar NR,Lotufo CM,Galigniana MD

更新日期：2018-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is found in all living organisms. The known polyP functions in eukaryotes range from osmoregulation and virulence in parasitic protozoa to modulating blood coagulation, inflammation, bone mineralization and cellular signalling in mammals. However mechanisms of regulation and even the id...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gerasimaitė R,Mayer A

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactions involving removal and addition of glucose to N-glycans in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) are performed in higher eukaryotes by glucosidases I and II and the UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase respectively. Monoglucosylated N-glycan structures have been implicated in glycoprotein folding or ER quali...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jones D,Mehlert A,Ferguson MA

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in developed countries such as the U.K., but incidence rates around the world vary approx. 20-fold. Diet is thought to be a key factor determining risk: red and processed meat, but not white meat or fish, are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kuhnle GG,Bingham SA

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytochromes P450 (P450s) are a superfamily of oxidative haemoproteins that are capable of catalysing a vast range of oxidative transformations, including the oxidation of unactivated alkanes, often with high stereo- and regio-selectivity. Fatty acid hydroxylation by P450s is widespread across both bacteria and hig...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cryle MJ

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA damage is one of the most acute threats to cellular homeostasis and life. The cell responds to such damage by activating a vast array of responses, ranging from DNA repair to numerous signalling pathways, which temporarily slow down the cellular life cycle while the damage is being repaired. Sophisticated relays c...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Shiloh Y

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular cross-talk or synergism between receptors coupled negatively to adenylate cyclase via PTX-sensitive Gi-protein(s) and receptors coupled to phospholipase C via PTX-insensitive G-proteins is prevalent in a variety of cell types (see above) and may represent a universal mechanism for the modulation of phosp...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dickenson JM,Hill SJ

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ligand-gated ion channels function as rapid signal transducers, converting chemical signals (in the form of neurotransmitters) into electrical signals in the postsynaptic neuron. This is achieved by the recognition of neurotransmitter at its specific-binding sites, which then triggers the opening of an ion channel ('g...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kash TL,Trudell JR,Harrison NL

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advantages of Hansenula polymorpha as a new yeast expression system are discussed in terms of the powerful and regulatable methanol oxidase promoter and the organism's ability to grow on cheap carbon sources. The development of techniques for conventional genetic analysis is described. A total of 218 mutants have ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sudbery PE,Gleeson MA,Veale RA,Ledeboer AM,Zoetmulder MC

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) has been successfully used to modify seed lipids in oilseed crops like soybean, canola and sunflower. Conventionally, PTGS has been induced by transforming the plants with either antisense or co-suppression constructs targeted against key seed lipid biosynthesis genes. A majo...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Singh S,Green A,Stoutjesdijk P,Liu Q

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family of lipid kinases regulate cell motility in diverse organisms and cell types. In mammals, the main PI3K enzyme activated by chemokine receptor signalling is the class IB isoform, p110gamma. Studies of p110gamma-knockout mice have shown an essential function for this isoform i...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Oak JS,Matheu MP,Parker I,Cahalan MD,Fruman DA

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The giant cytoskeletal kinases of the titin-like family are emerging as key mediators of stretch-sensing in muscle. It is thought that their elastic conformational deformation during muscle function regulates both their catalysis and the recruitment of regulatory proteins to signalosomes that assemble in their vicinit...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mayans O,Benian GM,Simkovic F,Rigden DJ

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Virtually all the biological processes that occur inside or outside cells are mediated by protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Hence, the charting and description of the PPI network, initially in organisms, the interactome, but more recently in specific tissues, is essential to fully understand cellular processes both...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Poglayen D,Marín-López MA,Bonet J,Fornes O,Garcia-Garcia J,Planas-Iglesias J,Segura J,Oliva B,Fernandez-Fuentes N

更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Co-ordinated myocyte handling of calcium is essential for efficient excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. The calcium cycling activity can be modulated by adrenergic stimulation and subsequent phosphorylation. Important functional consequences of phosphorylation include a greater influx of calcium through the ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lygren B,Taskén K

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling pathway functions as a nutrient sensor, both in individual cells and, more globally, in organs such as the fat body in Drosophila and the hypothalamus in the rat. The activity of placental amino acid transporters is decreased in IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction)...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Roos S,Powell TL,Jansson T

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Cat family of genes have revealed unexpected complexity and regulation. The first 5 years of research have been productive, yet many important questions remain to be addressed. A major problem for the field of amino acid transport is a severe paucity of data on the structure of these proteins and their arrangement...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： MacLeod CL

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00