Abstract:
:Three mammalian expression systems suitable for expressing recombinant receptors have been described. Each is suited to a different aspect of the study of receptors and their behaviour. IRES-based vectors are ideal for creating stable mammalian cell lines suitable for screening receptors using a signalling readout. Unlike traditional vectors they result in almost 100% of cell lines generated expressing a particular receptor, thus increasing the efficiency of cell line generation and increasing the chance of higher expression-level cell lines being generated. They may also be utilized to express more than one protein of interest, for example it is possible to co-express a particular receptor with a particular signalling protein or trafficking protein from a single RNA, thus ensuring that both are expressed simultaneously in the same cell. The ecdysone-inducible expression system is ideal for studying receptor signalling and behaviour. It is possible to alter receptor expression levels in an identical cellular background thus making it possible to study phenomena such as constitutive receptor activity in the absence of agonist. The SFV expression system is ideal for expressing receptors at high levels of a mammalian cell. It is thus a good system for purifying receptors for structural analysis and for providing material for binding assays. All of the expression systems described above have been demonstrated to express seven-transmembrane receptors with the expected pharmacological and functional profile.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Rhodes AD,Bevan N,Patel K,Lee M,Rees Sdoi
10.1042/bst0260699keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-11-01 00:00:00pages
699-704issue
4eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Microvesicles are shed constitutively, or upon activation, from both normal and malignant cells. The process is dependent on an increase in cytosolic Ca2+, which activates different enzymes, resulting in depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and release of the vesicles. Drug resistance can be defined as the abili...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120273
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) has been successfully used to modify seed lipids in oilseed crops like soybean, canola and sunflower. Conventionally, PTGS has been induced by transforming the plants with either antisense or co-suppression constructs targeted against key seed lipid biosynthesis genes. A majo...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::PTB (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) is an abundant and widely expressed RNA-binding protein with four RRM (RNA recognition motif) domains. PTB is involved in numerous post-transcriptional steps in gene expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, but has been best characterized as a regulatory repressor of som...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120044
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gap junctions are channels which allow electrical signals to propagate through the heart from the sinoatrial node and through the atria, conduction system and onwards to the ventricles, and hence are essential for co-ordinated cardiac contraction. Twelve connexin (Cx) proteins make up one gap junction channel, of whic...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150035
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing recognition that numerous neurodegenerative conditions have the same underlying pathogenetic mechanism, namely a change in protein conformation, where the beta-sheet content is increased. In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid deposition in the form of neuritic plaques and congophilic angiopathy is driven...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300574
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparative approach has been used to study the role of several lipid-body-binding proteins in plants and animals. Caleosins are a newly discovered class of calcium-binding lipid-body proteins found in plants and fungi, which we now report to have separate endoplasmic reticulum- and lipid-body-associated isoforms. W...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of proteins is inseparably linked to their function. Because most biological processes involve a number of different proteins, it may become impossible to study the evolutionary properties of proteins in isolation. In the present article, we show how simple mechanistic models of biological processes can ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0370762
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important aspect of the cytochrome c electrochemistry is the possibility of coupling the 'heterogeneous reactions' with other redox enzymes. Cellobiose dehydrogenase, a 89170 Da glycoprotein that contains both FAD and a b-type haem as prosthetic groups, donates electrons to a number of acceptors, including cytochro...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0280063
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::RAMPs (receptor activity-modifying proteins) are single-pass transmembrane proteins that associate with certain family-B GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors). Specifically for the CT (calcitonin) receptor-like receptor and the CT receptor, this results in profound changes in ligand binding and receptor pharmacology, al...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320843
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a novel, highly sensitive and selective method for the detection and quantification of acyl-CoA esters from Arabidopsis thaliana. Extracted acyl-CoA esters were derived to their fluorescent acyl-etheno-CoA esters, separated by ion-paired reversed-phase HPLC, and detected fluorometrically. We report the compo...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::PET (pre-eclamptic toxaemia), characterized by pregnancy-related hypertension and proteinuria, due to widespread endothelial dysfunction, is a primary cause of maternal morbidity. Altered circulating factors, particularly the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) family of proteins and their receptors, are thought...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20110671
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosomal instability occurs early in the development of cancer and may represent an important step in promoting the multiple genetic changes required for the initiation and/or progression of the disease. Telomere erosion is one of the factors that contribute to chromosome instability through end-to-end chromosome f...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0381698
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is strong evidence for an important role for increased COX (cyclo-oxygenase)-2 expression and PG (prostaglandin) E2 production in colorectal tumorigenesis. PGE(2) acts through four E-prostanoid receptors (EP1-4). COX-2 has therefore become a target for the potential chemoprevention and therapy of colorectal canc...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330667
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A combination of EXAFS, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray was used to conduct a molecular and atomic analysis of the uranium complexes formed by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The results demonstrate that this bacterium accumulates uranium as phosphate compounds. We suggest that at toxic le...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0300669
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The examples shown here illustrate the power of gene targeting to the epidermis as a means of developing animal models for the study of human skin diseases. In this short review, I have focused on contributions which stem predominantly from my own laboratory [31, 32, 34, 37, 47]. However, other laboratories have also ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0191112
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A-type laminopathies are a group of diseases resulting from mutations in the intermediate filament proteins lamin A and C (both encoded by the LMNA gene), but for which the pathogenic mechanisms are little understood. In some laminopathies, there is a good correlation between the presence of a specific LMNA mutation a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380257
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sugars that are readily respired by plant cells inhibit greening when dO2 and mu are relatively high. As sugar concentration in the batch culture medium is depleted and mu declines, greening is permitted. The mechanism of this effect has not been satisfactorily explained. ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0080475
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PDC (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) plays a central role in the maintenance of glucose homoeostasis in mammals. The carbon flux through the PDC is meticulously controlled by elaborate mechanisms involving post-translational (short-term) phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and transcriptional (long-term) controls. T...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20060217
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The short consensus/complement repeat (SCR) domain (also known as the complement control protein domain) is the most abundant domain type in the complement system. Crystal and NMR structures for proteins that contain single and multiple SCR domains have now been published. These contain inter-SCR linkers of between th...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300996
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 30-50% of individuals who are allergic to natural rubber latex (NRL) show an associated hypersensitivity to some plant-derived foods, especially freshly consumed fruits. This association of latex allergy and allergy to plant-derived foods is called latex-fruit syndrome. An increasing number of plant sour...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300935
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::RDCs (residual dipolar couplings) in NMR spectroscopy provide information about protein dynamics complementary to NMR relaxation methods, especially in the previously inaccessible time window between the protein correlation time tau(c) and 50 micros. For ubiquitin, new modes of motion of the protein backbone could be ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0361433
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fission yeast septation initiation network, or SIN, is a signal transduction network that is required for septum formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Its activity is tightly regulated through the cell cycle, to ensure proper co-ordination of mitosis and cytokinesis. SIN signalling requires three protein kinases...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360411
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding sites of the oestrogen receptors alpha and beta have a structural requirement for ligands with two oxygen atoms (one of which is phenolic) spaced 11-12 A apart. They are open to many non-steroidal compounds, such as those from plants and the chemical industry. The importance of this interaction is the subj...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/0300-5127:0290231
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial cellular metabolism is renowned for its metabolic diversity and adaptability. However, certain environments present particular challenges. Aerobic metabolism of highly reduced carbon substrates by soil bacteria such as Paracoccus pantotrophus presents one such challenge since it may result in excessive elect...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0390236
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glutamate/aspartate transporter GLAST-1 is expressed in bone in vivo and also exists as a splice variant (GLAST-1a) in which exon 3 is excluded. Since GLAST-1 expression is regulated in bone in response to osteogenic mechanical stimuli in vivo and binding of glutamate to receptors on osteoblasts increases osteobla...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0300890
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study the network of ATP-consuming and -producing reactions, interacting via the cytosolic ATP/ADP+P(i) system, was studied for the first time in an intact organ, the isolated perfused rat liver, using top-down metabolic-control analysis. Flux control in the metabolically resting state (only oxidative phosphor...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0280109
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The control of the intracellular localization of NCS (neuronal calcium sensor) proteins is of importance for their ability to respond appropriately to differing calcium signals. We examine the localization of three NCS proteins: NCS-1, KChIP-1 (potassium-channel-interacting protein 1) and hippocalcin. Additionally, th...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310963
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrotic disorders of the liver, kidney and lung are associated with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and ongoing coagulation-cascade activity. In addition to their critical roles in blood coagulation, thrombin and the immediate upstream coagulation proteases, Factors Xa and VIIa, influence numero...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::African trypanosomes have plastic genomes with extensive variability at the chromosome ends. The genes encoding the expressed major surface protein of the infective bloodstream form stages of Trypanosoma brucei and are located at telomeres. These telomeric expression-site transcription units are turning out to be surp...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0280536
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::CoA (coenzyme A) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor that acts as an acyl group carrier in biochemical reactions. Apart from participating in numerous metabolic pathways as substrates and intermediates, CoA and a number of its thioester derivatives, such as acetyl-CoA, can also directly regulate the activity of pro...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140123
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00