Abstract:
:Raltegravir, the only integrase (IN) inhibitor approved for use in HIV therapy, has recently been licensed. Raltegravir inhibits HIV-1 replication by blocking the IN strand transfer reaction. More than 30 mutations have been associated with resistance to raltegravir and other IN strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). The majority of the mutations are located in the vicinity of the IN active site within the catalytic core domain which is also the binding pocket for INSTIs. High-level resistance to INSTIs primarily involves three independent mutations at residues Q148, N155, and Y143. The mutations significantly affect replication capacity of the virus and are often accompanied by other mutations that either improve replication fitness and/or increase resistance to the inhibitors. The pattern of development of INSTI resistance mutations has been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo. This has been augmented by cell-based phenotypic studies and investigation of the mechanisms of resistance using biochemical assays. The recent elucidation of the structure of the prototype foamy virus IN, which is closely related to HIV-1, in complex with INSTIs has greatly enhanced our understanding of the evolution and mechanisms of IN drug resistance.
journal_name
Infect Drug Resistjournal_title
Infection and drug resistanceauthors
Mbisa JL,Martin SA,Cane PAdoi
10.2147/IDR.S7775subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
65-76issn
1178-6973pii
idr-4-065journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章abstract:Purpose:Infections, in particular with multidrug-resistant organisms, are a burden for inpatient and outpatient care and the whole community. The pathogens "roam" with patients and their relatives, forming an epidemiological bridge between different care facilities. Patients could play an important role in infection co...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S178922
更新日期:2018-12-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S241073
更新日期:2020-04-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S263387
更新日期:2020-07-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S210554
更新日期:2019-06-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S163290
更新日期:2018-05-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S272217
更新日期:2020-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Raltegravir, an inhibitor of the HIV-1 integrase enzyme, is the first available agent in a new class of antiretroviral drugs. Raltegravir has been studied extensively in clinical trials, and has been well tolerated and highly effective in both treatment-naïve and -experienced patients. Resistance to raltegravir is unu...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/idr.s9689
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia has poor outcomes, we describe our experience with Ceftobiprole mainly as a combination therapy for the treatment of MRSA bacteremia. All the cases of MRSA bacteremia in our center at the King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, that had undergone ...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type:
doi:10.2147/IDR.S254395
更新日期:2020-08-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
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doi:10.2147/IDR.S204436
更新日期:2019-10-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S15610
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic and cellular studies have shown that the host's innate and adaptive immune responses are an important correlate of viral infection outcome. The features of the host's immune response (host resistance) reflect the coevolution between hosts and pathogens that has occurred over millennia, and that has also result...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-04-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
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doi:10.2147/IDR.S163686
更新日期:2018-05-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-09-12 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type:
doi:10.2147/IDR.S160122
更新日期:2018-08-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S168465
更新日期:2018-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::Infections by drug-resistant bacteria are life-threatening. As iron is a vital element for the growth of bacteria, iron-chelating agents (siderophores) can be used to arrest their multiplication. Exogenous siderophores - exochelin-MS and deferoxamine-B - were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against methicillin...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S148602
更新日期:2018-01-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is the administration of intravenous antimicrobial therapy to patients in an outpatient setting. It may be used for patients who have infections that require parenteral treatment but who are otherwise stable enough to not require admission as inpatients. OB...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S86341
更新日期:2015-08-07 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To genetically characterize clusters of virulence factors (VFs) among extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and assess whether these clusters are associated with genetic determinants or clinical outcomes. Methods:One hundred forty-eight E. coli and 82 K. pn...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S179134
更新日期:2018-12-31 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S245173
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:The activity of the cationic antimicrobial peptide WLBU2 was evaluated against planktonic cells and biofilms of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, alone and in combination with classical antimicrobial agents. Methods:Control American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) str...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-07-09 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2020-06-26 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
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doi:10.2147/idr.s4418
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S249475
更新日期:2020-05-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S277890
更新日期:2020-10-27 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Ethiopia is one of the 22 high tuberculosis burden countries. In our country. there are limited published data to show the trend analysis of tuberculosis. Hence, we designed this trend analysis to fill the information gap in our study area. Institutional based retrospective cross-sectional study was employed...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S239717
更新日期:2020-02-24 00:00:00
abstract:Background:In Saudi Arabia, cross-border transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains might be particularly fostered by high immigration rates. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the transmission dynamics of MDR-MTBC strains and reveal a detailed prediction of all resistance-co...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S181124
更新日期:2018-11-12 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S233808
更新日期:2020-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: To investigate antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for mortality of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) pneumonia in diabetics and nondiabetics. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted among inpatients of KP pneumonia via electronic medical records in a territory hospital between January 2016 a...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S199642
更新日期:2019-05-07 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. interdigitale are important causative agents of superficial mycoses, demonstrating emergent antifungal drug resistance. We studied the antifungal susceptibility profiles in Iranian isolates of these two species. Methods:A total of 96 T. interdigitale and 45 T. mentagroph...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S246025
更新日期:2020-03-13 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:In the present study, we aimed to describe the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of spinal epidural abscess (SEA). Methods:The complete clinical data of 11 SEA patients who were treated in our hospital system from January 2015 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Moreover, the cli...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S257398
更新日期:2020-09-29 00:00:00