Abstract:
:Removal of the spleen had already been established as a routine technique to treat splenic trauma and other diseases affecting the spleen before the anatomy, physiology, and function of the spleen were known in the mid-twentieth century. It is now widely accepted that the splenectomized individual is at increased risk for infection, in particular, overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI). OPSI is a syndrome of fulminant sepsis occurring in splenectomized (asplenic) or hyposplenic individuals that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Poorly opsonized bacteria such as encapsulated bacteria, in particular, Streptococcus pneumoniae, are often implicated in sepsis. The spleen is a reticuloendothelial organ that facilitates opsonization and phagocytosis of pathogens, in addition to cellular maintenance. Splenectomy is associated with an impairment in immunoglobulin production, antibody-mediated clearance, and phagocytosis, leading to an increased risk of infection and sepsis. Early identification of the at-risk patient, early blood cultures prior to antibiotic administration, urgent blood smears and fast pathogen-detection tests, and sepsis bundles should be utilized in these patients. Prompt management and aggressive treatment can alter the course of disease in the at-risk splenectomized patient. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection can be prevented through vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, and patient education. This article evaluates post-splenectomy sepsis by summarizing the anatomy and function of the spleen, physiological changes after splenectomy that predispose the splenectomized patient to infection, and current management and prevention strategies.
journal_name
Infect Drug Resistjournal_title
Infection and drug resistanceauthors
Luu S,Spelman D,Woolley IJdoi
10.2147/IDR.S179902subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-09-12 00:00:00pages
2839-2851issn
1178-6973pii
179902journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:Introduction:Despite the moderate incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in many parts of Iran, Golestan province had a permanently higher TB incidence rate than the national average. Moreover, Golestan province receives immigrants, mainly from TB-endemic areas of Iran and neighbor countries. Here, we aimed to characterize the...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S255889
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Gram-negative bacteria bloodstream infection (GNB-BSI) results in considerable mortality and hospitality costs in cirrhotic patients. β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (BLBLIs) and carbapenems (CARs) are widely recommended for treating GNB-BSI in cirrhotic patients, while the efficacy and cost-effe...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S241648
更新日期:2020-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Raltegravir, the only integrase (IN) inhibitor approved for use in HIV therapy, has recently been licensed. Raltegravir inhibits HIV-1 replication by blocking the IN strand transfer reaction. More than 30 mutations have been associated with resistance to raltegravir and other IN strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). Th...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S7775
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:Candida species, one among the opportunistic fungi, has become a common pathogen causing vaginal thrush and nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of various Candida species and slime production by Candida species in BSIs and vulvo...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S179462
更新日期:2018-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::Background: There have been no reports in Bulgaria about quinolone resistance determinants among Enterobacter spp. Aims: To investigate plasmid and chromosomal quinolone resistance rates among 175 third-generation cephalosporin resistant Enterobacter spp. isolates (167 Enterobacter cloacae complex and eight Enterobact...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S204199
更新日期:2019-05-28 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The risks of gastrointestinal disorders and cancer are higher in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients than the general population. There are only a few published reports on the association of helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, endoscopic findings, and histology in these patients. This study was desi...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S228026
更新日期:2019-11-29 00:00:00
abstract:Background:China is one of the high-burden countries for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and pyrazinamide is one of the anti-TB drugs used for the shorter MDR-TB treatment regimen. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between pncA gene mutations and resistance to four first-line anti-TB dru...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S222943
更新日期:2019-09-30 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To develop a rapid EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (reCIM) combined with modified rapid carbapenem inactivation method (mrCIM) to detect carbapenemase and distinguish metallo-β-lactamases from carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae in 4 hrs. Materials and Methods:The sensitivities and specificities ...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S249570
更新日期:2020-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), especially when carbapenem resistant, have been very difficult to manage in the last fifteen years, owing to the paucity of dependable therapeutic options. Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin recently approved by the Food and Drug Administr...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2147/IDR.S205309
更新日期:2020-12-29 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:The purpose of this study was to identify the common clinical presentations and the evidence on the presence of ageusia and anosmia as an emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptom to better inform in both COVID-19 patients and clinicians. Patients and Methods:As part of a double-institutional collab...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S263632
更新日期:2020-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: To investigate antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for mortality of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) pneumonia in diabetics and nondiabetics. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted among inpatients of KP pneumonia via electronic medical records in a territory hospital between January 2016 a...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S199642
更新日期:2019-05-07 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The timely and accurate diagnosis of infected nonunion is challenging, and there is a need for more efficient biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that fibrinogen plays an important role in mediating inflammation in bacterial infections and, therefore, could be a valuable biomarker for infected nonunion. ...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S269719
更新日期:2020-11-04 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:To achieve target concentrations, the application of higher-than-standard doses of amikacin is proposed for the treatment of sepsis due to an increase in volume of distribution and clearance, but little data are available on aminoglycoside administration in critically ill elderly patients. Patients and me...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S150839
更新日期:2018-02-13 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:The activity of the cationic antimicrobial peptide WLBU2 was evaluated against planktonic cells and biofilms of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, alone and in combination with classical antimicrobial agents. Methods:Control American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) str...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S215084
更新日期:2019-07-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is the administration of intravenous antimicrobial therapy to patients in an outpatient setting. It may be used for patients who have infections that require parenteral treatment but who are otherwise stable enough to not require admission as inpatients. OB...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S86341
更新日期:2015-08-07 00:00:00
abstract:Objectives:We investigated the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinically important Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) from 16 major teaching hospitals in Taiwan in 2017. Materials and methods:Escherichia coli (n=686) and Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates (n=673), non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS; n=221) from...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S175679
更新日期:2018-10-26 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:An ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of selinexor was established to investigate the effects of isavuconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of selinexor in rats, respectively. Methods:Twenty-four healthy male rat...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S269831
更新日期:2020-09-14 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the BD Kiestra InoqulA automated specimen processing system with commonly encountered clinical microbiology specimens. Materials and Methods:Four types of clinical specimens (sputum, urine, normally sterile body fluids, and feces) were inocul...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S245173
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:Understanding drug resistance is important in drug selection for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication, and drug resistance data are lacking in Beijing. Purpose:This cross-sectional study aimed to isolate H. pylori from patients with gastroduodenal diseases and to analyze drug resistance to clarithr...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S249370
更新日期:2020-07-06 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To assess the efficacy of amoxicillin, tetracycline, high-dose metronidazole, and a proton-pump inhibitor for third-line Helicobacter pylori eradication. Methods:We enrolled 70 consecutive patients who had registered, failed to respond to two rounds of H. pylori eradication, and undergone endoscopy for H. pylo...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S185511
更新日期:2018-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are potentially life-threatening related to poorer outcomes. Colistin is considered one of the last-resort treatments against human infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, emergence of stra...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S248342
更新日期:2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with pulmonary function decline and high disease severity in non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis. The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in non-CF bronchiectasis patients has increased recently. This study investigated the impact of NTM with or without P. ae...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S169789
更新日期:2018-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Echinocandin antifungal agents have become the first-line therapy for invasive candidiasis (IC) in many countries. Despite their increasing use, resistance to this class of drug is, overall, still uncommon. Here, we report two patients from the People's Republic of China with IC, one with infection caused by pan-echin...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S152785
更新日期:2018-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::The loss of polycationic antimicrobial peptides, polymyxins, due to adhesion to plastics is an important subject matter that influences in vitro susceptibility testing, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. This review reminds us that this issue can serve as a significant source of variation in the ...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S219130
更新日期:2019-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::We present here the first report of an OXA-181-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the fecal specimen of a patient in China. The OXA-181-encoding gene blaOXA-181 was located on a 51 kb IncX3-type plasmid. Conjugation assay and whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that this transferrable plasmid in the K...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S237793
更新日期:2020-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::Mycoplasma genitalium is one of the important causes of non-gonococcal urethritis. Rising incidence and emerging antimicrobial resistance are a major concern these days. The poor clinical outcomes with doxycycline therapy led to the use of azithromycin as the primary drug of choice. Single-dose azithromycin regimen ov...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2147/IDR.S105469
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Respiratory viruses are important etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, the impact of different RVs on the outcomes of CAP is not well elucidated. This study aims to compare the clinical features and severity of influenza (Flu-p) and non-influenza respiratory viruses-related pneumonia (NIRV...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S267102
更新日期:2020-10-08 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Moxifloxacin (MXF) has been advocated for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis despite resistance to older-generation fluoroquinolones. We investigated the relationship between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MXF and mutations in the gyrA and gyrB genes in Mycobacteriu...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S65417
更新日期:2014-08-19 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections in conservative populations is increasing, yet vaccination is not routinely recommended by primary health care (PHC) physicians. The aim of this study is to evaluate PHC physicians' awareness of HPV infections and vaccination in Saudi Arabia. Materials...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S179642
更新日期:2018-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and the lack of new therapies to eliminate them poses a major threat to global health. With the alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), focus has now shifted to the use of the polymyxin class of antibiotics as the last line of defense for trea...
journal_title:Infection and drug resistance
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2147/IDR.S196874
更新日期:2019-05-27 00:00:00