Getting the most out of noise in the central nervous system.

abstract：:To localize a sound source in space, the auditory system detects minute differences in the arrival time of a sound between the two ears. It has long been assumed that delay lines and coincidence detectors turn these time differences into a labelled line code for source position, but recent studies challenge this view....

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schnupp J

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become apparent in recent years that the cytoskeleton and its associated proteins play a major role in secretion. This review summarizes recent findings on the cytoskeleton organization and the molecular topology of its regulatory proteins, as well as the dynamic changes that occur in this organelle during secr...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Trifaró JM,Vitale ML

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the classical picture of brain function, electrical impulses are initiated in sensory organs and spread rapidly down axons, jumping synaptic clefts by neurochemical transmission. Patterns of electrical activity generated in this way integrate information throughout the brain and result in coordinated motor output. ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Kennedy MB

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The birth of new neurons in the walls of the adult brain lateral ventricles has captured the attention of many neuroscientists for over 2 decades, yielding key insights into the identity and regulation of neural stem cells (NSCs). In the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), NSCs are a specialized form of ast...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lim DA,Alvarez-Buylla A

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the mechanisms regulating the cerebral microcirculation during neural activity have been the subject of inquiry for a century or more, the mediators responsible for the changes in cerebral blood flow still remain to be clearly identified. The discovery that nitric oxide, a powerful cerebrovasodilator, is prod...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Iadecola C

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:'Forward models' are increasingly recognized as a crucial explanatory concept in vertebrate motor control. The essential idea is that an important function implemented by nervous systems is prediction of the sensory consequences of action. This is often associated with higher cognitive capabilities; however, many of t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Webb B

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease is a common and disabling disorder of movement owing to dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. However, it is still unclear how this denervation perverts normal functioning to cause slowing of voluntary movements. Recent work using tissue slice preparations, animal models and in humans with Park...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hammond C,Bergman H,Brown P

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleep is widely believed to play an essential role in synaptic plasticity. However, the precise mechanisms governing this presumptive function are largely unknown. There is also evidence for independent circadian oscillations in synaptic strength and morphology. Therefore, synaptic changes observed after sleep reflect...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Frank MG,Cantera R

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The colors perceived by humans in response to light stimuli are generally described in terms of four color categories (reds, greens, blues and yellows), the members of which are systematically arrayed around gray. This broadly accepted description of color sensation differs fundamentally from the light that induces it...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lotto RB,Purves D

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Classical receptive-field concepts have been used to explain local perceptual effects such as border contrast and Mach bands, but are not sufficient to explain global perceptual effects. Examples are the perception of illusory contours, area contrast, color constancy, depth planes, coherent motion and texture contrast...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Spillmann L,Werner JS

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormonal effects are increasingly recognized as important influences on neuronal function and, ultimately, on animal behavior. Such 'higher' behavioral effects are well studied, particularly in relation to sexually dimorphic behaviors. Yet, somewhat surprisingly, a significant proportion of more basic neuroscience res...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Berkley KJ

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Launching a new neuroscience laboratory requires knowledge of purchasing, budgeting and personnel management. The usual training of scientific investigators omits these areas, at a time when experimental complexity is growing and Internet-based commerce offers new purchasing options. This review highlights laboratory ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Carmichael ST

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain dynamic changes associated with schizophrenia are largely equivocal, with interpretation complicated by many factors, such as the presence of therapeutic agents and the complex nature of the syndrome itself. Evidence for a brain-wide change in individual network oscillations, shared by all patients, is largely e...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hunt MJ,Kopell NJ,Traub RD,Whittington MA

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The number of neuroscientists in Europe is large enough to match that of the neuroscientific community in North America. However, the degree of cohesiveness in the former is hampered by, among other things, the lack of a common language, the existence of geopolitical boundaries, and the dearth of pan-European funding ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Singer W

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both theoretical and experimental animal work supports the hypothesis that transient oscillatory synchronization of neuronal assemblies at gamma frequencies (30-100 Hz) is closely associated with sensory processing. Recent data from recordings in animals and humans have suggested that gamma-frequency activity also has...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jensen O,Kaiser J,Lachaux JP

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The myelinated axon provides a model in which it is possible to examine how various types of ion channels are incorporated into a membrane to form an excitable neuronal process. The available evidence now indicates that mammalian myelinated fibers contain a repertoire of physiologically active membrane molecules inclu...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Black JA,Kocsis JD,Waxman SG

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To successfully interact with their environments, developing organisms need to correctly process sensory information and generate motor outputs appropriate to their size and structure. Patterned sensory experience has long been known to induce various forms of developmental plasticity that ultimately shape mature neur...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ruthazer ES,Aizenman CD

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The two GluN3 subunits were the last NMDA receptor subunits to be cloned some 15 years ago. Strikingly, despite the steadily growing interest in their function, their physiological role remains elusive. The original billing as dominant-negative modulators of classical NMDA receptors composed of GluN1 and GluN2 subunit...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Pachernegg S,Strutz-Seebohm N,Hollmann M

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discovery and interventions for neurological disorders have a unique capacity to galvanize public opinion over issues of access, human rights, decision making, and the definition of disease. Here we highlight five cases where beliefs and politics prevailed over evidence and ethics. We examine lessons from them about t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Paylor B,Longstaff H,Rossi F,Illes J

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress is a major trigger of seizures in people with epilepsy. Exposure to stress results in the release of several stress mediators throughout the brain, including the hippocampus, a region sensitive to stress and prone to seizures. Stress mediators interact with their respective receptors to produce distinct effects...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Gunn BG,Baram TZ

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging is characterized by decrements in maximum function and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations, which are best observed in organs such as the brain that contain post-mitotic cells. Oxygen radicals are increasingly considered responsible for part of these aging changes. Comparative studies of animals with dif...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Barja G

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most neurons are generated during development and are not replaced during adulthood, even if they are lost to injury or disease. However, it is firmly established that new neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of almost all adult mammals, including humans. Nevertheless, many questions remain re...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Inta D,Cameron HA,Gass P

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of Alzheimer's disease is inherited in a complex manner involving environmental factors and several genes. One of these genes is Apolipoprotein E where the polymorphic allele (APOE epsilon 4) has been robustly shown to modify risk and the course of Alzheimer's disease. The epsilon 4 allele however, only a...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lendon C,Craddock N

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and are essential to all aspects of brain function, including learning and memory formation. Missense mutations distributed throughout NMDAR subunits have been associated with an array of neurological disorders. Recent stru...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Zhou HX,Wollmuth LP

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In their 1994 paper, Monyer et al. described unique functional properties and cell type-specific expression of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) GluN2 subunits, suggesting that the roles of NMDAR vary across brain regions and throughout development. This influential work not only provided insight into how molecular diversity impa...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Swanger SA,Traynelis SF

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Itch is a distinct sensation arising from the superficial layers of skin and mucous membranes. It is elicited by histamine and probably other endogenous chemicals that excite subpopulations of unmyelinated primary afferents and spinal neurones projecting through the anterolateral quadrant to the brain. The two popular...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： McMahon SB,Koltzenburg M

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzodiazepines are widely used clinically to treat anxiety and insomnia. They also induce muscle relaxation, control epileptic seizures, and can produce amnesia. Moreover, benzodiazepines are often abused after chronic clinical treatment and also for recreational purposes. Within weeks, tolerance to the pharmacologic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tan KR,Rudolph U,Lüscher C

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ATP-sensitive K+ channels couple cell metabolism to electrical activity in nerve, muscle and endocrine cells, and play important roles in these tissues under both physiological and pathological conditions. The KATP channel is an octameric complex of two unrelated types of subunit: a pore-forming subunit (Kir6.2) and a...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ashcroft FM,Gribble FM

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dopaminergic system exerts dynamic modulation of glutamatergic afferent drive that is dependent on the temporal pattern of the dopaminergic input and the subtypes of striatal neurons affected. The differences in feedforward inhibition between striatal neurons comprising the direct and indirect output pathway confe...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Onn SP,West AR,Grace AA

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroethics, a recently modernized field at the intersection of bioethics and neuroscience, is founded on centuries of discussion of the ethical issues associated with mind and behavior. Broadly defined, neuroethics is concerned with ethical, legal and social policy implications of neuroscience, and with aspects of ne...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Illes J,Bird SJ

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00