Abstract:
:In 1994, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed a screening methodology for conducting indirect exposure risk assessments for combustion facilities. The United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine currently utilizes this methodology in conjunction with other USEPA guidance documents to perform human health risk assessments (HHRAs). The HHRAs require the development of complex human health models using spreadsheet software packages which estimate various media concentrations of contaminants in the environment. Since the quality assurance/quality control procedures associated with verifying the model's results are extremely time consuming, a computer program was developed using Microsoft Excel to minimize the amount of time needed. This discussion describes the 6 steps taken in developing this computer program, which are: (1) understanding the problem; (2) establishing the structure of each table in the spreadsheets; (3) developing an algorithm to solve the problem; (4) writing code; (5) running the program; and (6) testing the results. The automated process of having the computer predict health risk and hazards for each potentially exposed individual saves a tremendous amount of time because each calculated value is placed in the correct spreadsheet cell location. In addition to the time needed to develop human health spreadsheets, this program also minimizes the potential for reducing human error.
journal_name
Drug Chem Toxicoljournal_title
Drug and chemical toxicologyauthors
Walter MAdoi
10.3109/01480549909029733subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-02-01 00:00:00pages
213-20issue
1eissn
0148-0545issn
1525-6014journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bleached kraft mill effluent on selected physiological and hematological endpoints in fingerling largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Fish were exposed for 35 days to surface water collected at sites up- and downstream from a pulp and paper mill treatment-ef...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480540802432643
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally thought that residual unpolymerized (meth)acrylic monomers commonly found in pressure sensitive adhesive tapes for medical use may cause dermal irritation, but a systematic study has never been carried out. Therefore, we assessed the potential dermal irritating effect of residual (meth)acrylic monomers...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480540903311043
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing numbers of older adults use cannabis and cannabis-derived products that can have adverse effects. This study examined management site and level of healthcare services for older adult poison control center cases involving cannabis products. Using the American Association of Poison Control Centers' (PCC) Nati...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1868494
更新日期:2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiotoxicity is commonly associated with cocaine abuse. Previous studies have indicated that cocaine alters myocardial mitochondrial function. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cocaine on activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and in iso...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-100100119
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the mechanism behind neuronal regeneration is critical for treating ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. The presence of neural stem cells in and around the sub-ventricular zone of human and also in zebrafish is evidenced. In this current study, the neuro-protective potential of nano-formulated he...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1722690
更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Fertilized hen eggs were topically applied with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid butyl ester (3.1 mg/egg) before starting incubation. During the incubation time 20% of the compound applied on eggs was lost by volatilization. At different incubation times (0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 days) the wash-off technique was applied to fe...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548908999150
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments were carried out to ascertain whether or not saffron (dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L.), a commonly used agent for flavoring and coloring food can exert modulatory effects on the in vivo genotoxicity of cisplatin (CIS), cyclophosphamide (CPH), mitomycin C (MMC) and urethane (URE). For this purpose, Swiss...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-100106266
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Azaperone was evaluated for its mutagenic potential by the Salmonella/microsome test. No mutagenic activity towards six S. typhimurium strains could be evidenced with azaperone at doses up to 2,000 micrograms/plate, either without or with metabolic activation at usual test conditions. Higher concentrations of liver po...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548709042990
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a preclinical safety evaluation study, an indication of ocular toxicity was noted in beagle dogs receiving orally (gelatin capsules) once a day, 7 days a week for, respectively, 7 and 91 days, 10 mg/kg/day of Lortalamine, a new non-tricyclic anti-depressant compound. Lortalamine treated dogs showed, progressive...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549009032289
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study assessed possible adverse immunological effects of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE) on random-bred CD-1 mice following 14 and 90 days of exposure. A 14-day range-finding study was performed on male mice by gavage at doses 1/10 and 1/100 the LD50 (210 and 21 mg/kg). No alterations in either humoral or cell-m...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548509041066
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged with 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) dissolved in corn oil at 0, 60, 180, or 240 mg/kg/day for five days. A single oral dose (0.5 mg/kg) of triethylenemelamine was used as a positive control. Induction of dominant lethal events was scored on the basis of early fetal deaths. At ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548509038650
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three alkyl diamines, which are by-products formed and separated during the production of hexamethylene diamine, have been tested, mostly for their acute toxicity. This paper reviews methodologies used and the results obtained from these three chemicals. All three tested [2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine (2-MP), 1,3-diamin...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480540601186994
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxysomicine A1, a novel potential anticancer compound induced cell death in established cell lines and in a primary culture of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Non-transformed cells are less sensitive to the compound than transformed cell lines. Fluorescent microscopy of dying cells stained with DNA-specific dyes revea...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-100103725
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the subchronic study acrylic acid was incorporated in the drinking water of Fischer 344 rats (15 per group) for three months at dosage levels of 0.75, 0.25, 0.083 or 0 g/kg/day. No deaths occurred during the study but several treatment-related effects were observed. At 0.75 g/kg/day dosage level, body weight gain w...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548309072459
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medications show their biological effects by interaction with enzymes, which have been known to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Inhibition or induction of drug metabolizing enzymes has an essential place in the drug design for many kinds of diseases including cardiovascular, neurological, ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2019.1620266
更新日期:2019-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::Transient global ischemia continues to be an important clinical problem with limited treatment options. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of celecoxib [a selective cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitor] and N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) [a nonselective nitric oxide synt...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2012.749270
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concerns that chemical warfare (CW) agents themselves or in combination with other chemicals may cause long-term damage to nerve and muscle are reviewed and discussed. Experiments on mice and hens underway with agent GA and pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and their effects (either separately or together) are presented. ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549809007410
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methyl 2,2-difluoromalonyl fluoride (MMF) is highly toxic by inhalation producing mortality in rats exposed for 4 hours to 0.55 mg/L. Repeated inhalation exposures of rats to 0.009 mg/L produced irritation but no other signs of a toxic response. Mortality was encountered following repeated exposures to 0.066 mg/L. ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548808998223
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hexachloroethane (HCE) was fed to Fischer 344 rats at approximate doses of 0, 1, 15 or 62 mg/kg/day for 16 weeks. Selected tissues were assayed at termination for HCE content. Histopathological examination identified the kidney as the primary target organ with male rats more sensitive than female rats. The kidney conc...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548508999167
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the exposure of pyrethroids in the development of Alzheimer's type neurodegeneration by analyzing β- amyloid, tau and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in adult Wistar rats. Forty adult Wistar rats (130-150 g) of both sexes were assigned into five groups (n = 8). Groups A-C were treated wi...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1778020
更新日期:2020-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. is an ethnomedicinal tree of remedial value in the treatment of diabetes, bone fractures, and liver and neurological disorders. However, the information available on DNA-protective and anti-proliferative potential of bark of this tree is scarce. In the present study, the extract/fractions...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2018.1497051
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In our previous reports, aspirin, an antipyretic analgesic, suppressed the genotoxicity of mitomycin C (MMC) in a somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. In order to reveal the mechanism of the anti-genotoxicity of aspirin, we evaluated the suppressing ability of each aspirin metabo...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480540600820528
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) is a highly effective iron chelator. Acute toxicity testing was performed in mice and rats of both sexes, with 10 mice or rats/sex/group. The LD50 values of PIH in both species were 5 and 1 g/kg given orally and intraperitoneally, respectively. Microscopic examination of tissues...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549109011641
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, celecoxib, and etoricoxib are reported to act as chemopreventive agents in experimental colon cancer induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) as they are known cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibitors. To determine whether NSAIDs can also effectively modulate ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480540701522106
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amiodarone is a high effectiveness anti-arrhythmia agent which is able to induce pulmonary fibrosis. Many studies have shown that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was a significant process in pulmonary fibrosis. So far, there are no studies about whether EMT was associated with amiodarone-induced pulmonary ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2018.1497055
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential genotoxic effect of venlafaxine hydrochloride (venlafaxine), an antidepressant drug-active ingredient, was investigated by using in vitro chromosome aberrations (CAs) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Mitotic index (MI) and cytokinesis-block pr...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2018.1486410
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, in response to various stimuli, has been generally reported to protect against cellular stress. However, we previously demonstrated simvastatin-induced HO-1-exaggerated nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) activation and superoxide production on exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Th...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2010.482587
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For centuries, Turkey has been a significant location here around 80 species of Hypericum with differing names widely occur, which is also known as Turkish folk medicine in treating some bacterial diseases as well as stomach and intestine inflammation. Recent studies have reported this herb family to contain numbers o...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1856130
更新日期:2020-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::The Salmonella typhimurium/microsome assay is a widely used bacterial genotoxicity assay to test potential carcinogens. The aim of this work was to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities with and without the addition of an extrinsic metabolic activation system of essential oils obtained from an aerial par...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480540903196790
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to evaluate the residues of 42 pesticides subject to public concern in Tieguanyin tea produced in Fujian, China. The presence of 42 pesticide residues in 90 Tieguanyin tea samples were determined. A total of 17 pesticides were detected. At least one pesticide residue was detected in 65 ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1802476
更新日期:2020-08-04 00:00:00