Abstract:
:Concerns that chemical warfare (CW) agents themselves or in combination with other chemicals may cause long-term damage to nerve and muscle are reviewed and discussed. Experiments on mice and hens underway with agent GA and pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and their effects (either separately or together) are presented.
journal_name
Drug Chem Toxicoljournal_title
Drug and chemical toxicologyauthors
Wilson BW,Henderson JD,Spencer PSdoi
10.3109/01480549809007410subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
183-90eissn
0148-0545issn
1525-6014journal_volume
21 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In view of the ability of several phosphoesterases to hydrolyze organophosphates to toxic phenols, the bioactivation of bis[p-nitrophenyl]phosphate (BNPP) by the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris was investigated. In a contact toxicity test, BNPP was was less toxic than the metabolite p-nitrophenol (PNP), but more toxic ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549309038664
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicity of chloropicrin (CP) was assessed following its administration to rats via oral gavage for either 10 or 90 consecutive days at dose levels of 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg and 2, 8 and 32 mg/kg, respectively. Control rats received corn oil at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg. Toxicological observations included organ and b...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549409014306
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse reactions induced by Chinese herbal injections have been frequently reported. However, the precise causes of these adverse reactions are not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of chlorogenic acid (a ubiquitous component of Chinese herbs) in the toxicity of Chinese herb...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480540903580055
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper discusses the merits and disadvantages of a specific proposal for a numerical calculation of the reference dose (RfD) with explicit recognition of both uncertainty and variability. It is suggested that the RfD be the lower (more restrictive) value of: The daily dose rate that is expected (with 95% confidenc...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1081/dct-120014793
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to determine if single/double strand DNA breaks could be induced by monocrotophos (organophosphorus pesticide) in mice in vivo using the comet assay. Mice were dosed orally with 0.046, 0.093, 0.186, 0.373 and 0.746 mg/kg body weight of monocrotophos, and the assay was performed on whole...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-100108472
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of a novel phosphorothionate, the methyl ester of 2-butenoic acid-3-diethoxy phosphinothioyl (RPR-II) was studied on membrane bound target enzymes Acid (AcP) and Alkaline (AkP) Phosphatases in different tissues of male and female albino Wistar rats. Three sub-chronic doses 0.014 (low), 0.028 (medium) and 0....
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-100100131
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical pretreatment is effective against a 2 LD50 challenge of soman, sarin or VX or a 5 LD50 challenge of tabun. Chemical pretreatment followed by post challenge therapy should be effective against greater levels of agent. Such tests in guinea pigs are reported here; pretreatment regimens (PRGs) consisted of physos...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549209014157
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is produced under diabetic conditions and is likely involved in the progression of pancreatic damage found in diabetes. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of Aegle marmelos leaf extract, a medicinal plant, on the tissue antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidative status ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480540903203984
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study enumerates the attenuating effects of curcumin and α-tocopherol against propoxur induced oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Cultured cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, and were exposed to varying concentrations of propoxur (0-21 μg/m...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2017.1321010
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of feeding two compounds, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an adrenal steroid, and clofibrate (CLOF) to rats (which are both hypolipidemic, hepatomegaly inducing and hepatic peroxisome proliferating agents) on the binding of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) to hepatic DNA in vivo is compared. Male Sprag...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548908999162
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genotoxicity of nimesulide (NM) was evaluated by employing bone marrow (BM) chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus assays in Swiss albino mice. For BM CA assay, mice of either sex were treated orally with 1.5, 2.5 and 5 mg body weight solution of NM in 0.2 mL of 0.05% CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) daily for 4, ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2013.838779
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered cadmium chloride 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm for 30 days. At the end of the treatments, the body weight gains, serum glucose, serum protein, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were determined. Renal and hepatic key glu...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548009030129
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a measure of glutathione (GSH) conjugation, urinary, fecal and biliary excretion of thioethers and hepatic GSH content were measured in rhesus monkeys following administration of single doses of naphthalene and diethylmaleate (DEM). Naphthalene had little or no effect on hepatic GSH content and the excretion of thi...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548209041057
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the tissue distribution of total radioactivity in male albino, male pigmented, and time-mated female albino rats after oral administration of a single dose of [¹⁴C]-bilastine (20 mg/kg). Although only 1 animal was analyzed at each time point, there were apparent differences in bilastine distributi...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2012.682650
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endophytic fungi are promising sources of bioactive substances; however, their secondary metabolites are toxic to plants, animals, and humans. This study aimed toevaluate the toxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic and oxidant/antioxidant activities of acetonitrile extract (AEPc), citrinin (CIT) and dicitrinin-A (DIC-A) of Penici...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1769642
更新日期:2020-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Cisplatin (CP) is a widely used cytotoxic agent against cancer, and high doses of CP have been known to cause nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Some reports claim that antioxidants can reduce CP-induced toxicity. This study investigated the hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and antioxidant activity of Urtica dioica...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2011.598531
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to crude acetylene can occur in occupational settings. This study assessed the modulatory activities of selected polyphenols on the hematotoxic, cardiotoxic, and hepatotoxic effects of crude acetylene. Wistar rats were exposed to 58 000 ppm crude acetylene for 10 min at 12 h intervals for 30 days. Some expose...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1853766
更新日期:2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to test the pulmonary tumor response to intratracheally instilled silica in Strain A mice. Urethane was used as a positive control. Silica treatment was utilized to evaluate the effect of a potent fibrinogen on pulmonary adenoma formation in this unique animal model. Urethane produced an increa...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549009011071
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the subchronic study acrylic acid was incorporated in the drinking water of Fischer 344 rats (15 per group) for three months at dosage levels of 0.75, 0.25, 0.083 or 0 g/kg/day. No deaths occurred during the study but several treatment-related effects were observed. At 0.75 g/kg/day dosage level, body weight gain w...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548309072459
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The disposition of N-[14C-vinyl]-2-pyrrolidinone was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats following a single iv injection. Plasma levels of the intact compound dropped rapidly within the first 6 hours after dosing with a half life of 1.90 hours. Urinary excretion by 12 hours represented 74.9% of a 5 microCi dose while ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548408998411
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of an occupational hazard evaluation, p-bromobenzyl bromide (p-BBB) was evaluated for genotoxic activity in the Ames microbial mutagenicity assay, the alkaline elution assay for DNA strand breaks in rat hepatocytes and the in vitro chromosome aberration assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The compound produc...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549908993169
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aluminum (Al)-induced toxicity in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is one of the established models for studying neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases. Alkaloid phytochemicals have been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of alkaloid extrac...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2019.1708377
更新日期:2020-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::The intoxication of insecticides such as bifenthrin and diazinon has been reported to generate free radicals, and thereby alter the antioxidant defense system in erythrocytes. The present study is aimed to investigate the protective effects of acetone (DA) and methanolic (DM) extracts of lichen Dirinaria consimilis ag...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1762632
更新日期:2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was aimed at exploring the effect of monensin, an antibiotic carboxylic polyether ionophore specific for Na(+), on the structural, chemical, and physiological changes of the epididymal sperm of Wistar rats. Animals received monensin at the dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight daily orally for 70 days, a tre...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2011.650174
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Parkinsonism describes Parkinson's disease and other associated degenerative changes in the brain resulting in movement disorders. The motor cortex, extrapyramidal tracts and nigrostriatal tract are brain regions forming part of the motor neural system and are primary targets for drug or chemotoxins induced ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2014.975355
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medications show their biological effects by interaction with enzymes, which have been known to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Inhibition or induction of drug metabolizing enzymes has an essential place in the drug design for many kinds of diseases including cardiovascular, neurological, ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2019.1620266
更新日期:2019-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::Rotenone, an environmental toxin, triggers Parkinson's disease (PD)-like pathology through microglia-mediated neuronal death. The effects and molecular mechanisms of flavonoid luteolin against rotenone-induced toxicity was assessed in microglial BV2 cells. Cells were pretreated with luteolin (1-50 µM) for 12 h and the...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2018.1504961
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed at comparing the cytotoxicity of a new octenidine mouth rinse (MR) on gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells using different established MRs. Octenidol (OCT), Chlorhexidine 0.2% (CHX), Meridol (MER), Oral B (OB), and control (PBS only) were used. Human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGFIBs) and huma...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2017.1337124
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to aldehydes represents potential risks to human and animal health. Cyclic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, and paraldehyde were found to induce formation of stable DNA-protein cross-links (DPXs) in cultured human lymphoma cells. A relationship between increased cytotoxicity and DPX formation wa...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480540601017603
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::MG132, as a proteasome inhibitor, has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigated the effects of MAPK inhibitors on MG132-treated calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells (CPAECs) in relation to cell death, ROS, and glutathione (GSH). ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2010.494663
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00