Abstract：
BACKGROUND:It is hitherto still questionable which of the physical properties of the bile fluid influence the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). METHODS:In this study the influence of the density and viscosity of bile simulating fluid on ESWL was tested in vitro by applying CsCl solutions of densities 1.0, 1.3, 1. 5, 1.7 and 1.9 g/ml. Five almost identical "sister" stones from one patient were fragmented in these five fluids. The number of shock waves required for adequate fragmentation (fragments < 4 mm) was measured for comparison. This was repeated on a further seven patients (five "sister" stones per patient). Subsequently, the influence of the viscosity of the fluid on ESWL was tested using polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions of the viscosities 1, 5, 17, 30 and 59 mPa.s. Analogous to the first part of this investigation, 40 gallstones from an additional eight patients (again five almost identical sister stones) were fragmented, registering the number of shock waves required for adequate fragmentation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:The density of the fluid did not reveal any monotone correlation to the number of shock waves required. In contrast to the density of the fluid there was a distinct correlation (r subsets = 0.84; p < 0.001) between its viscosity and the number of shock waves required. On average, the number of shock waves required in a fluid with a viscosity of 59 mPa . s must be more than three times that required in water, which has a viscosity of 1 mPa.s.
journal_name
Eur J Med Resjournal_title
European journal of medical researchauthors
Nitsche R,Hinrichsen H,Wilhelm R,Fölsch URsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-19 00:00:00pages
204-8issue
4eissn
0949-2321issn
2047-783Xjournal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Retinyl palmitate and its metabolites retinol and retinoic acid control growth and epithelial differentiation. Systemic or local vitamin A deficiency induced by malnutrition, continuous chemical irritation or locally induced by inflammation causes squamous metaplastic changes in the epithelium of mucous membranes. We ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:While for many allergens a dose-response relationship has clearly been established the association between early childhood exposure to cat allergens and risk of sensitisation is still controversial and even inverse relations have been described. At the same time, a negative association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. go...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A serological diagnosis (ELISA test) was carried out of infections by Helicobacter pylori in 1200 young males (recruits in the Polish Army) and the influence of selected epidemiologico-clinical factors (civil status, place of residence, profession, economical conditions, tobacco smoking, consumption of alcohol, diseas...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Human Immunodeficiency virus can affect the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). In the ART / HAART era especially the CNS is said to be a virus reservoir so that neurologists have to be more and more integrated in therapy planning. Therefore the present paper describes neurological indications for ART, ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-11-22 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Prolonged immobilization of severely ill, bed-ridden patients results in formation of pressure ulcers following inappropriate tissue blood perfusion, and local activation of leukocyte - endothelial cell interactions (L/EC). Various treatment modalities were implemented to improve local microcirculation with ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-04-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug development in the field of HIV treatment is rapid. New nucleoside analogues (NRTI), non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), and protease inhibitors (PI) are currently being investigated in human trials. Furthermore, inhibitors of HIV attachment, fusion and integrase with novel modes of ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Since the new 2009 guidelines for left subclavian artery (LSA) management using thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), a few studies have been published about alternative LSA management. The objective of this study was to present the follow-up results of covered or revascularized LSA during TEVAR. MET...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s40001-015-0147-z
更新日期：2015-05-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin or obesity receptor (Ob-R) is a member of class I cytokine receptor family. Ob-R, expressed in six isoforms, is the product of alternative RNA splicing of db gene. According to its structural differences, the receptor's isoforms are divided into three classes: long, short, and secretory isoforms. A long, fully ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/2047-783x-15-s2-50
更新日期：2010-11-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We aimed to analyze the association between hypertension and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after orthopedic surgery. METHODS:Relevant studies were identified by a search of PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, the Chinese Biomedical Literature, and Weipu database until December 201...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1186/s40001-016-0207-z
更新日期：2016-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacteremia due to Capnocytophaga sputigena occurred in a 4-year and 9-month-old Japanese girl patient with acute erythroblastic leukemia in Shinshu University Hospital, Japan. On her admission to the hospital, she had a temperature of 38.2 degrees C with canker sore. Prior to the commencement of chemotherapy, peripher...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The history and todays knowledge on the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis emphasizing the importance of cholesterol concentration in plasma for the development of atherosclerosis is summarized. For proving the lipid hypothesis careful patient observation and new findings of molecular biology have added important inform...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) has demonstrated efficacy in treating HIV-associated wasting (HAW), however, HAW has become less prominent since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Recent studies suggest that patients receiving HAART may still experience HAW. We inves...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：2002-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Reporting of all serious adverse events (SAEs) is a requirement for regulatory approval of a drug. Can equally rigorous reporting standards be expected in studies of non-drug treatments and how can underreporting, if any, be detected and proven? Using data from our large-scale prospective cohort study of acu...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare two reduced dose indinavir (IDV) + ritonavir (RTV) combinations guided by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in treatment-naive HIV1-infected patients. METHODS:HIV1-infected treatment naive patients were prospectively randomized to treatment with IDV 600 mg or 400 mg BID each in combination with RT...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2007-07-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Soot FR 101, Printex 90 and Chrysotile B are frequently found in indoor air pollutants phagocytized by alveolar macrophages (AM) involved in inflammatory pulmonary processes as, e.g. in cytokine secretions. The transcription factor NF-kappaB has a role in the trans-duction pathway of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several studies have been performed in tumour patients to analyse the immunological response to mistletoe extracts. Considering the fact that these extracts are given subcutaneously in most instances, the kind of application resembles a typical immunization schedule. We therefore wanted to see how those extr...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini of the kidney (CDC) is very rare but among the most aggressive urological entities. Standard therapy is not well defined with questionable efficacy. METHODS:We present two cases of male patients (49 and 66 years old) with pT3a pN2 CDC treated with a combination...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-11-24 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the general pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increasing the risk of developing steatosis and subsequent hepatocellular inflammation. We aimed to assess hepatic mitochondrial function by a non-invasive (13)C-methionine breath test (...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783x-16-6-258
更新日期：2011-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that play an important role in the pathogenesis of human diseases through negative regulation of gene expression. Although miRNA-10b (miR-10b) has been implicated in other tumors, its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unknown. The aim of ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783X-18-41
更新日期：2013-11-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to high concentrations of oxygen is known to induce changes in lung function through effects on several pulmonary cell types, including alveolar macrophages (AM). In this study, we studied the in vitro effects of hyperoxia on the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of surface receptors in ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:In elderly patients with esophageal cancer (EC), esophagectomy is associated with an increased mortality, and therefore these patients are often treated with definite (chemo)radiation. The purpose of this study was to assess the toxicity and efficiency of definite radio(chemo)therapy in patients >75 years compa...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s40001-017-0265-x
更新日期：2017-07-06 00:00:00
abstract：:A 62-year-old white male presented with facial erythema and jugular vein distension in upright position which progressed to cyanosis and facial edema while keeping both arms elevated (Pemberton sign). A CT scan revealed a large substernal goiter as the cause of superior vena cava syndrome. Symptoms and signs disappear...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:replication of HIV-1 after cell entry is essentially dependent on the reverse transcriptase (RT). Antiretroviral drugs impairing the function of the RT currently aim at the polymerase subunit. One reason for failure of antiretroviral treatment is the evolvement of resistance-associated mutations in the viral ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783x-15-10-415
更新日期：2010-10-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Unilateral papillitis caused by Treponema pallidum was found in an immunocompetent homosexual patient with severe vision loss who had received previous antibiotics treatment. Syphilis-related ocular manifestation is more common in the early stages of the disease and it can be associated with a central nervous system l...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783X-17-3
更新日期：2012-02-14 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In utero and/or childhood environmental tobacco smoke exposure is well known to adversely affect lung function and to depreciate child's health in many ways. Fewer studies have assessed the long-term effects on COPD development and disease severity in later adulthood. METHODS:COPD patients were interviewe...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783x-14-s4-27
更新日期：2009-12-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Data on lung volumes and changes in flow-volume spirometry at high altitude are few and do not provide comprehensive assessment of the occurring changes. This study characterizes alterations of the forced expiratory flow-volume curve (FEFV-curve) and lung volumes at increasing altitude. METHODS:FEFV-curve a...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-11-16 00:00:00
abstract：:In the course of infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) typical changes of inflammatory periodontal diseases can arise. The prevalence of these illnesses may be up to 5%. The HIV-associated periodontal diseases include linear gingival erythema (LGE), necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) and necrotizing...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The influence of cytomechanical forces in cellular migration, proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is still poorly understood in detail. METHODS:Human MSCs were isolated and cultivated onto the surface of a 3 x 3 mm porcine collagen I / III carrier. After incubation, cell cultur...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783x-15-1-35
更新日期：2010-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Severe pulmonary hypertension is a lethal group of disorders which preferentially afflicts women. It appears that in recent years the patient profile has shifted towards older, obese, and postmenopausal women, suggesting that endocrine factors may be important. Several studies have revealed an increased prevalence of ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783x-14-10-433
更新日期：2009-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Due to the side effects of antiretroviral therapy and long term survival there is an increasing concern of an elevated rate of cardiovascular diseases in HIV-infected patients. The present study analysed the cardiovascular risk profile and the probability of cardiovascular events in HIV-infected patients, due...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-02-27 00:00:00
