Abstract：
:The initial stages of an immune response are regulated at the level of the cell-surface antigen and Fc receptors. The extracellular portions of these receptors provide immune specificity and determine the nature of the responding effector cells, whereas the intracellular portion transduces signals into the cell and determines the intensity and duration of the immune response. Recent studies led to the identification of two types of modules within the cytoplasmic region of receptor subunits that are critical for the activation and termination of signal transduction pathways. Phosphorylation of the conserved tyrosine residues within the two modules, the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM), is followed by the recruitment of different sets of SH2-containing molecules to the receptor site. These proteins regulate the receptor-linked signal transduction pathways in a positive or a negative fashion, which is a reminiscent of the ancestral Yin-Yang principle.
journal_name
Immunol Resjournal_title
Immunologic researchauthors
Isakov Ndoi
10.1007/BF02786325subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-02-01 00:00:00pages
85-100issue
1eissn
0257-277Xissn
1559-0755journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:T helper (Th) lymphocytes differentiate into two distinct subsets--Th1 and Th2--as defined by functional abilities and cytokine profiles. The functional differences between Th subsets are explained primarily through the activities of the cytokines they secrete. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is the signature cytokine of...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:23:1:59
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human gamma-herpesvirus that establishes life-long latency and is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders and the development of several malignancies. EBV infection is frequently, but not always, associated with the development of a syndrome termed infectious mononucleosi...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:25:3:201
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The joining of T cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene segments through the process of V(D)J recombination occurs in a lineage-specific and developmental-stage-specific way during the early stages of lymphocyte development. Such developmental regulation is thought to be mediated through the control of gene ...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:22:2-3:127
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) B cells persist even in nonautoimmune- prone animals. In this review, we summarize data regarding the activation potential of these cells. Provision of cognate CD4 T cell help to anti-dsDNA B cells in nonautoimmune mice not only drives their maturation and entry into the B cell follicl...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:27:2-3:219
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kv1.3 and IKCa1 lymphocyte potassium channels have been implicated as important targets of selective immunomodulation. We compared the alterations in cytokine production upon selective inhibition of Kv1.3 or IKCa1 channels (by MGTX and TRAM, respectively) in healthy donors (HD), RA and AS patients. We also determined ...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-015-8683-8
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is now apparent that naïve peripheral T cells are a dynamic population where active processes prevent inappropriate activation while supporting survival. The process of thymic education makes naïve peripheral T cells dependent on interactions with self-MHC for survival. However, as these signals can potentially res...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-008-8017-1
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and Behçet's disease (BD) are immune-mediated conditions which are usually treated with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and, when refractory, with biologic agents. In both diseases, interleukin (IL)-6 serum levels are increased driving the immune-mediated inflammatory process. Tocilizumab...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-013-8411-1
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The follicular helper T cell (Tfh) and IL-21 have been shown to play an important role in many autoimmune diseases. However, less is known about their role in Graves' disease (GD). This study aimed to investigate the expression of Tfhs and related factors (IL-21, IL-21R, CXCR5, and CXCL13) in GD thyroid tissues and to...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-015-8647-z
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic autoimmune or granulomatous disorders related to biomaterials of human use have rarely been described. The aim of this study was to report cases of autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) related to biomaterial injections and prostheses, mainly silicone, hyaluronic acid, acrylamides and m...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-017-8980-5
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human leukocytes, including macrophages and neutrophils, are phagocytic immune cells that capture and engulf pathogens and subsequently destroy them in intracellular vesicles. To accomplish this vital task, these leukocytes utilize two basic cell behaviors-chemotaxis for chasing down infectious pathogens and phagocyto...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-008-8056-7
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used MAb to L3T4 to examine the function of L3T4+ T cells in normal and autoimmune mice. Treatment of mice with MAb to L3T4 profoundly depleted L3T4+ cells from the blood, spleen, and lymph nodes, but not the thymus. In BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, selective depletion of L3T4+ cells blocked both primary and second...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02917584
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:C3d is the final degradation product of the third component of complement (C3). When conjugated to an antigen, C3d enhances immune responses to the fused antigen. Therefore, this molecule has been used as an adjuvant to enhance the immune responses to various foreign and self-proteins. C3d binds to the complement rece...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:36:1:197
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) currently provides the only chance of curative therapy for many patients with hematological malignancies. Owing to the excess morbidity and mortality observed in less robust patients, this approach has traditionally been limited to younger patients without sign...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:28:1:1
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) serocomplex of viruses, genus Flavivirus, includes a number of important human pathogens that cause serious neurological illnesses and hemorrhagic fevers. These viruses pose a significant public health problem due to high rates of morbidity and mortality, their emergence to new geogra...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-008-8065-6
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histones appear in plasma during infectious or non-infectious sepsis and are associated with multiorgan injury. In the current studies, intravenous infusion of histones resulted in their localization in major organs. In vitro exposure of mouse macrophages to histones caused a buildup of histones on cell membranes foll...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-015-8628-2
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Caenorhabditis elegans model can be used to study Candida albicans virulence and host immunity, as well as to identify plant-derived natural products to use against C. albicans. Thymol is a hydrophobic phenol compound from the aromatic plant thyme. In this study, the in vitro data demonstrated concentration-depend...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-016-8785-y
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of gamma/delta T cells in immunity to bacterial infection and control of inflammation is discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the use of murine models in which various aspects of immune function can be monitored in the absence of gamma/delta T cells. Issues discussed include the response to and control of...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/ir:29:1-3:293
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies by our group, using an experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) model in Strain 13 inbred guinea pigs, resulted in T cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity; however, autoantibodies proved not to be cytotoxic to thyroid epithelial cells in the presence or absence of complement proteins. Albeit, T cell...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-011-8215-0
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a nonacute transforming retrovirus that causes mammary tumors in susceptible strains of mice. Upon milk-borne transmission, B cells in the gut become infected and subsequently present a virus-encoded superantigen to cognate T cells. These T cells become activated and, in turn, stimu...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:27:2-3:469
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial peptide innate immunity plays a central role in the susceptibility to infectious diseases, as has been described extensively in different settings. However, the role that these molecules play in the immunity mediated by polymorphonuclear phagocytes as part of the innate immunity of ageing individuals has...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-015-8689-2
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various multisubunit receptors of the immune system share similarities in structure and induce closely related signal transduction pathways upon ligand binding. Examples include the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), and the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon RI). Al...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02918171
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research during the last decade has significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms at the interface between the nervous system and the immune system. Insight into bidirectional neuro-immune communication has characterized the nervous system as an important partner of the immune system in the regu...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-015-8718-1
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Risk posed by microbial superantigens in triggering or exacerbating SLE in genetically predisposed individuals, thereby altering the response to its treatment strategies, has not been studied. Using streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A and staphylococcal enterotoxin B as prototype superantigens, we have demonstrated tha...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-015-8768-4
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The MHC class II antigen processing pathway provides a mechanism to selectively present peptides generated in the endosomal compartments of antigen presenting cells to CD4+ T cells. Transport of newly synthesized class II molecules to the endosomal pathway requires the function of an accessory protein, invariant chain...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02790403
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary immunodeficiencies (PI) are genetic defects of the immune system that result in chronic, serious, and often life-threatening infections, if not diagnosed and treated. Many patients with PI are undiagnosed, underdiagnosed, or misdiagnosed. In fact, recent studies have shown that PI may be more common than previ...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-018-8996-5
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For the last decade, we have focused on guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) as a potentially ideal target antigen for colorectal cancer immunotherapy. GUCY2C is expressed only in intestinal epithelial cells and by nearly 100% of colorectal cancers. We have developed and tested a recombinant adenoviral vector possessing GUCY2C...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-011-8253-7
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major conceptual roadblocks impede the development of an HIV-1 vaccine that can stimulate a potent neutralizing antibody response. Animal models that support HIV-1 replication and allow for host genetic manipulation would be an ideal platform for testing various immunological hypotheses, but progress on this research ...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-012-8370-y
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytolytic effector function fails to develop if proliferation of allospecific cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors is inhibited, but the requirements for generation of cytolytic activity have not been fully defined. In contrast, the cytolytic effector function of cytolytic T lymphocyte clones does not change during the c...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02935614
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine has a long tradition of excellence in immunology research and training. Faculty, students, and postdoctoral fellows walk through hallways that are pictorial reminders of the days when Dr. Jonas Salk worked here to develop the polio vaccine, or when Dr. Niels Jerne chaire...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1385/IR:36:1:1
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apoptosis, programmed cell death, eliminates injured or harmful cells. It can mediate its response through the actions of death ligands including TRAIL. TRAIL, a member of TNF superfamily, induces apoptosis of transformed cells through the action of death domain receptors DR-4 and DR5. It directly induces apoptosis th...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:35:3:249
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
