Abstract：
:Brain sexual differentiation is mediated through testosterone, which acts during the perinatal period in the form of both 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone and estradiol. In order to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved, we studied induction of c-fos, an index of functional neuronal activation, in the 2-day-old female rat brain after injection of a masculinizing dose of testosterone. Administration of testosterone resulted in induction of c-fos gene expression in the hypothalamus, as determined by Northern analysis. Following immunocytochemistry, we demonstrated an increase in the number of Fos-positive nuclei in the median and medial preoptic nucleus, the medial preoptic area extending to the lateral preoptic area, and the peri- and paraventricular area. In an effort to see whether testosterone acted as 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone or as estradiol, we injected either steroid and looked at fos induction. Estradiol mimicked the effect of testosterone, while 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone was without effect. Furthermore, injection of an estrogen receptor blocker, clomiphene, together with testosterone, abolished the testosterone-induced increase in Fos-positive nuclei, thus confirming the finding that testosterone induces c-fos by acting through estrogen receptors. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that nuclear extracts from 2-day-old female hypothalamus contain a protein, most probably the estrogen receptor, which binds specifically to oligodeoxynucleotides with the sequence of either vitERE, the consensus estrogen-responsive element (ERE) found in the vittelogenin gene, or fosERE, the ERE found in the 3'-untranslated region of the mouse c-fos gene. This suggests that the effect of testosterone-derived estradiol on c-fos expression is a direct one, mediated by binding of estrogen receptors to an ERE in the c-fos gene-regulatory regions.
journal_name
Neuroendocrinologyjournal_title
Neuroendocrinologyauthors
Giannakopoulou M,Bozas E,Philippidis H,Stylianopoulou Fdoi
10.1159/000054657subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-06-01 00:00:00pages
387-96issue
6eissn
0028-3835issn
1423-0194pii
54657journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The primary treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) is surgery with curative intent or debulking of the tumor mass. In case of metastatic disease, cytoreductive options are limited. A relatively new therapeutic modality, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with radiolabeled somatos...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1159/000335018
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prolactin-releasing (PRF) activity was found in Pitressin (a commercial extract from posterior pituitary for vasopressin). Injection of Pitressin into conscious free-moving rats implanted with a permanent atrial indwelling cannula, produced a transient increase in prolactin concentration in the circulation. In order t...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000123277
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracranial implants of estradiol benzoate (EB) were used to explore sites of action for the activation of masculine copulatory behavior in castrated male rats. In experiment 1, 27 or 30 gauge implants were placed unilaterally throughout the hypothalamus and preoptic area. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was administered s...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000122865
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dexras1, a newly identified member of the Ras superfamily of proteins, was discovered in AtT-20 corticotrope cells because its expression was induced in response to glucocorticoids (dexamethasone; Dex). As yet, the function of Dexras1 is unknown, but its rapid induction in response to glucocorticoids suggests the poss...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000054691
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of neurochemical messengers have been shown to act directly on the melanotrope cells of the pars intermedia of Xenopus laevis to regulate alpha MSH secretion. In the present study the possibility that the melanotropes are also indirectly controlled has been examined. For this purpose, the characteristics of a...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000125853
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was aimed at evaluating chronic stress models in mice with special attention to morphine treatment. We hypothesized that repeated periods of drug withdrawal induce chronic stress. To verify this hypothesis, mice were made dependent on morphine and then subjected to several types of repeated withdrawa...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000087034
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopaminergic agonists are effective in vivo in inhibiting lactotrope proliferation and prolactin (PRL)-secreting pituitary tumors. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate in vitro actions of dopaminergic agents on proliferation and cell shape of rat lactotropes. Anterior pituitary cells cultured with serum...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000054362
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies indicate that 7 days after testicular administration of naloxone, serum testosterone (T) concentration and basal T secretion in vitro decrease significantly. In neonatal rats, short-term (2 h) intratesticular treatment with 0.3 micrograms (D-Met2-Pro5)-enkephalinamide suppresses steroidogenesis. In th...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000126242
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin, a biologically active amine, is related to carcinoid syndrome in functioning neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Telotristat ethyl is a novel inhibitor of the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), a key enzyme in the production of serotonin. While its use in patients with carcinoid syndrome and uncontrolled diarrhea unde...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000502200
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In previous studies we obtained evidence that serotonin release by p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) causes an increase in corticosterone secretion but that this effect is not mediated via the raphe nuclei in the midbrain. In contrast, PCA-induced prolactin secretion was abolished by dorsal raphe lesions. In the present study...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124205
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have suggested that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hypothalamus plays a tonic inhibitory role in the control of the luteinizing hormone (LH) release in intact male rats. To assess whether feedback from the testis alters the inhibitory GABAergic tone in the medial preoptic area (MPO) of male rats, an in vivo ...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000066625
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High affinity binding of 3H-flunitrazepam (FNZP) to crude membrane preparations of bovine pineal membranes was examined by a rapid filtration procedure through Whatman GFB paper. At 0 degrees C binding reached equilibrium in about 20 min. Scatchard analysis of data at equilibrium revealed a single population of bindin...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000123533
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypothalamic dopamine (DA) tonically inhibits prolactin (PRL) release from the anterior pituitary gland. Transient escapes from this DA tone elicit a pronounced potentiation of the PRL-releasing action of secretagogues such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Previous evidence has suggested that modulation of Ca(2...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000054456
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In experiment I we studied the capacity of progesterone (P) and two nonsteroidal agents that activate lordosis, but do not bind to the progestin receptor (PR), i.e. luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to induce sequential inhibition (SI) in ovariectomized estradiol-primed rats. The...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000126457
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Structural and functional impairment of the skeletal system remains an important cause of morbidity and disability in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS). Glucocorticoid (GC) excess inhibits bone formation and calcium absorption from the gut, increases bone resorption, and alters the secretion of gonadotropin and gr...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1159/000314298
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of pinealectomy or immunization against melatonin (Mel) and N-acetylserotonin (NAS) on plasma prolactin (Prl) levels was studied in rats following pineal stimulation induced by blinding or exposure to short photoperiods (1 h light and 23 h darkness daily). Blinding alone or together with pinealectomy or imm...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000122650
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Type I gastric carcinoids (TIGCs) are neuroendocrine neoplasms arising from enterochromaffin-like cells in atrophic body gastritis. Data regarding their evolution in prospective series are scarce, thus treatment and follow-up are not codified. Our aim was to evaluate clinical outcome and recurrence in TIGCs ...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000329043
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MT), a competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, was used to block the synthesis of hypothalamic catecholamines in immature female rats of 14, 16 and 30 days of age and in castrated adults. The administration of alpha-MT (300 mg/kg body weight, free base) induced a significant decay...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000125611
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrinopathy with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological features and significantly increased cardiometabolic risks. PCOS is underpinned by inherent insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Obesity, more common in PCOS, plays an important role in the patho...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1159/000455233
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An experiment was performed on 21-day-old male rats to determine the combined effects of pinealectomy, constant light and darkness, and intraperitoneal (i.p.) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on pituitary and plasma radioimmunoassayable thyrotropin (TSH), serum thyroxine (T4), and pituitary, thyroid and body weight...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000122751
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An influence of thyroid status on the secretory activity of hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons was observed in adult rats and its involvement in the regulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion was examined. The secretory activity of the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons was evaluated by measurement of dopamine...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124797
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compares the processing of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) at two Lys-Lys cleavage sites, located in the carboxy-terminal domain of the precursor, one site marking the amino terminus of beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) and the other in the carboxy-terminus of beta-endorphin (beta E). These compari...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000126518
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the Djungarian hamster, short photoperiods induce regression of testes and accessory glands. There is evidence that the length of time melatonin levels are elevated is the signal conveying the photoperiodic effects to the neuroendocrine axis. When the temporal course of decompression of the pattern of pineal melato...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124562
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vasostatin, a fragment of calreticulin, was transfected in the BON cell line to evaluate the feasibility of using it for gene therapy in neuroendocrine tumors. Vasostatin transfected cells were subcutaneously inoculated in nude mice. Burkitt lymphoma cell line, CA46, colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, SW480, as well...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000089749
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An in vitro perifusion system was used to investigate immunoreactive beta-endorphin (beta-END-I) release from adult human hypothalami in response to dopamine (DA) and the DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (HAL). Administration of a 1 microM pulse of DA consistently elicited a mean (+/- SE) 88 +/- 9% increase (p less ...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124725
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:An increasing number of middle-aged men are being screened for low testosterone levels and the number of prescriptions for various forms of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has increased dramatically over the last 10 years. However, the safety of TRT has come into question with some studies suggestin...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000504445
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulating evidence in rodents suggests that a prolactin locally synthesized and released within the brain can act together with that taken up from the circulation to modulate neuroendocrine responses. The present study was designed to identify the regional patterns of prolactin expression in the adult and developin...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000114643
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis was tested that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is involved in the inhibition of gonadotropin secretion during chronic hyperprolactinemia. Two models of hyperprolactinemia were used, namely inoculation with the prolactin (PRL)-secreting tumor 7315b and implantation of isogenic pituitary glands. Gon...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000125348
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neuroanatomical distribution and morphology of neurons that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain of the postpubertal male Djungarian hamster was studied using light microscopic immunocytochemistry. Analysis of every section from the rostral olfactory tubercle to the medial basal hypothalamus ...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000125341
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies were performed to determine the role of thyroid hormone in the suppression of thyrotropin (TSH) by opiates. Serum samples were collected by decapitation 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h after rats were implanted with 1 sustained-release morphine (75 mg) or placebo pellet. Morphine decreased TSH by 44% at 1 h and by 83...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000125602
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
