Abstract：
:In patients with dangerously elevated diastolic blood pressures, the titrated intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside usually reduces blood pressure to near-normal levels in less than an hour. This rapid reduction of pressure is well tolerated by hypertensive patients and probably diminishes the morbidity from renal and cardiac failure and stroke. The side effects of sodium nitroprusside treatment are minimal.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Kohli RK,Elwood CMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-01-01 00:00:00pages
141-5issue
1eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Adnexal masses can have gynecologic or nongynecologic etiologies, ranging from normal luteal cysts to ovarian cancer to bowel abscesses. Women who report abdominal or pelvic pain, increased abdominal size or bloating, difficulty eating, or rapid satiety that occurs more than 12 times per month in less than a year shou...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Down syndrome is caused by triplicate material of chromosome 21. The syndrome has a variable physical expression, but congenital cardiac defects, transient myelodysplasia of the newborn and duodenal atresia are highly specific for this chromosomal disorder. Routine health maintenance is important because infants and c...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis, an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is characterized pathologically by demyelination and subsequent axonal degeneration. The disease commonly presents in young adults and affects twice as many women as men. Common presenting symptoms include numbness, weakness, visual ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Microscopic hematuria, a common finding on routine urinalysis of adults, is clinically significant when three to five red blood cells per high-power field are visible. Etiologies of microscopic hematuria range from incidental causes to life-threatening urinary tract neoplasm. The lack of evidence-based imaging guideli...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory difficulty is a common presenting complaint in the outpatient primary care setting. Because patients may first seek care by calling their physician's office, telephone triage plays a role in the early management of dyspnea. Once the patient is in the office, the initial goal of assessment is to determine t...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myasthenia gravis is characterized by variable ocular and skeletal muscle weakness. Peak incidence is in young women and older men. Thymomas are present in 30 percent of myasthenic patients over age 40. Binding of acetylcholine receptors by IgG antibodies may be the mechanism of the neuromuscular disorder. Repetitive ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism can now reduce or eliminate their dependence on contact lenses and eyeglasses through refractive surgery that includes radial keratotomy (RK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) and intrastro...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation is associated with potentially life-threatening strokes. Anticoagulation with warfarin or aspirin reduces the risk of embolic events in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral valve stenosis or other underlying heart disease. In patients with acute onset of atrial fibrillation, anticoa...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The status of the fibula is an index of the severity of injury. Open tibial fracture with associated fractured fibula is more likely to develop complications. Antibiotics should be started promptly. Judicious debridement is essential but bone fragments should be left whenever possible. When there is any question about...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synovial cell sarcoma frequently presents as a painful periarticular mass in the lower extremity of a young male patient. The mass may appear encapsulated and is calcified in approximately 50 percent of cases. Surgery is the mainstay of therapy, with radical resection often necessary to prevent local recurrence. The m...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients who have been or may have been bitten by a snake should receive prompt and careful clinical and laboratory evaluation. Fang marks, pain and swelling are characteristic of pit viper envenomation. Although no therapy is universally accepted, a number of treatment plans appear to be effective. If envenomation ha...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroid function tests, radioiodine uptake and scintiscanning, and antithyroid antibody titers are the main laboratory tests useful in the management of goiter. Scintiscanning and ultrasonography aid in differentiating a functioning adenoma from a "cold" solid nodule--a crucial distinction since the incidence of cance...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Appropriate preconception health care improves pregnancy outcomes. When started at least one month before conception, folic acid supplements can prevent neural tube defects. Targeted genetic screening and counseling should be offered on the basis of age, ethnic background, or family history. Before conception, women s...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Rheumatic complaints secondary to viral infections are usually brief, self-limited and nondestructive. They may accompany almost any type of viral illness, and the arthritic presentation is nonspecific. These manifestations are protean, ranging from arthralgia to vasculitis. Often the cause of the rheumatic complaint ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tay-Sachs disease is a fatal genetic disease affecting Jewish infants of eastern European ancestry. While the disease may go unrecognized until nearly one year of age, death occurs by age three or four. Community screening programs have been organized to detect carriers of this autosomal recessive trait. Prenatal diag...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methamphetamine is a stimulant commonly abused in many parts of the United States. Most methamphetamine users are white men 18 to 25 years of age, but the highest usage rates have been found in native Hawaiians, persons of more than one race, Native Americans, and men who have sex with men. Methamphetamine use produce...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and is frequently treated by family physicians. Despite patients' worries about the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, it is a benign condition. The diagnosis should be made using standard criteria after red flags that may...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Many patients expect to undergo screening tests for cancer. In evaluating screening procedures, physicians must take into account the known effects of lead time, length and screening biases, all of which can result in an overestimation of the benefits of screening. The gold standard by which a screening test is evalua...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Persons with mental retardation sometimes exhibit behaviors that are difficult to control. Use of neuroleptic medications may be limited by side effects or ineffectiveness. Beta blockers such as propranolol and metoprolol have been shown to decrease aggressive and impulsive behaviors in some patients with mental retar...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 指南,杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cirrhosis is a diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and the conversion of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. The modified Child-Pugh score, which ranks the severity of cirrhosis based on signs and liver function test results, has been shown to predict survival. Strategies have been esta...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a syndrome in which multiple symptoms reportedly occur with low-level chemical exposure. Several theories have been advanced to explain the cause of MCS, including allergy, toxic effects and neurobiologic sensitization. There is insufficient scientific evidence to confirm a relat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schirmer's test is a simple, semiquantitative test of tear production. It is based on the physical tendency of a fluid to travel along a strip of porous material by capillary action due to surface tension. Sterile strips, standardized and prepackaged, are available from local scientific supply houses. The low cost and...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most commonly, constipation in the infant is functional, with increased tone of colonic smooth muscle. Hirschsprung's disease is the best known of the infrequent organic causes. Treatment includes reassurance of parents, use of sugars, fluids and bulk and care of fissures. Voluntary stool withholding occurs in older c...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For many years, there were no guidelines for evaluating patients with chronic neck pain. However, in the past 15 years, considerable research has led to recommendations regarding whiplash-associated disorders. This article summarizes the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria for chronic neck pain. Ima...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytochrome P450 enzymes are essential for the metabolism of many medications. Although this class has more than 50 enzymes, six of them metabolize 90 percent of drugs, with the two most significant enzymes being CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Genetic variability (polymorphism) in these enzymes may influence a patient's response t...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of work-related repetitive motion disorders has increased rapidly during the past 20 years. While it appears that psychosocial factors have contributed largely to the increasing incidence of these disorders, ergonomic factors and other medical conditions also play a role. The most common single diagnosti...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optimal management of corneal foreign-body injuries includes an accurate history, thorough examination of both eyes, atraumatic removal of the foreign body, elimination of the rust ring, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis and protective patching. Pitfalls to be avoided include using topical steroids, which may promote...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The safety of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) delivery has been documented. Fetal and neonatal morbidity is not increased, and the mortality rate is less than one in 2,000 deliveries. Maternal morbidity and mortality rates for VBAC delivery are significantly lower than those for repeat cesarean section. Family phy...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benign pulmonary neoplasms are relatively uncommon. The symptoms vary, depending on the location of the tumor. Specific diagnosis can be a time-consuming process and requires an orderly plan. Polytomography or computed tomographic scan, bronchoscopy, percutaneous biopsy or thoracotomy may be required. Tissue diagnosis...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mild elevations in levels of the liver enzymes alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase are commonly discovered in asymptomatic patients in primary care. Evidence to guide the diagnostic workup is limited. If the history and physical examination do not suggest a cause, a stepwise evaluation should be initiated ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
