Abstract：
:Methamphetamine is a stimulant commonly abused in many parts of the United States. Most methamphetamine users are white men 18 to 25 years of age, but the highest usage rates have been found in native Hawaiians, persons of more than one race, Native Americans, and men who have sex with men. Methamphetamine use produces a rapid, pleasurable rush followed by euphoria, heightened attention, and increased energy. Possible adverse effects include myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, cardiomyopathy, psychosis, and death. Chronic methamphetamine use is associated with neurologic and psychiatric symptoms and changes in physical appearance. High-risk sexual activity and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus are also associated with methamphetamine use. Use of methamphetamine in women who are pregnant can cause placental abruption, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm birth, and there can be adverse consequences in children exposed to the drug. Treatment of methamphetamine intoxication is primarily supportive. Treatment of methamphetamine abuse is behavioral; cognitive behavior therapy, contingency management, and the Matrix Model may be effective. Pharmacologic treatments are under investigation.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Winslow BT,Voorhees KI,Pehl KAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-10-15 00:00:00pages
1169-74issue
8eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:For many years, there were no guidelines for evaluating patients with chronic neck pain. However, in the past 15 years, considerable research has led to recommendations regarding whiplash-associated disorders. This article summarizes the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria for chronic neck pain. Ima...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Hospitals present a variety of infectious, chemical and physical hazards to their workers. Important pathogens include AIDS, hepatitis B and rubella viruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethylene oxide is probably the greatest chemical hazard, but anesthetic gases, antineoplastic drugs and skin irritants or sensitiz...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Problems resulting from cold exposure can be successfully treated when a coordinated emergency medical transport system and appropriate equipment are available, as well as medical personnel knowledgeable in the management of frostbite and hypothermia. Clinical suspicion of these disorders is essential. Profoundly hypo...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common focal entrapment syndrome. Forceful repetitive activity and vibration may be important workplace risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. Although systematic study has suggested that carpal tunnel syndrome is work-related, no clear "dose-response" curve has been found between ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with symptomatic lumbar disk disease may present with back pain, referred leg pain, radicular leg pain, sensory changes and leg weakness. Because neurologic deficits are commonly localized to the L5 or S1 nerve roots, evaluation of patients with such symptoms should focus on these dermatomes and muscle groups...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While abdominoperineal resection with permanent colostomy is still required for most distal [corrected] rectal cancers, sphincter-saving local treatment by means of local excision, electrocoagulation or endocavitary contact radiation can be used for some highly selected distal tumors. Local treatment avoids a permanen...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a life-threatening complication of diseases and therapies associated with immunosuppression. Approximately 80 percent of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome will develop pneumocystis pneumonia. Diagnosis is important, because effective therapy is available. In most cases,...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microscopic hematuria, a common finding on routine urinalysis of adults, is clinically significant when three to five red blood cells per high-power field are visible. Etiologies of microscopic hematuria range from incidental causes to life-threatening urinary tract neoplasm. The lack of evidence-based imaging guideli...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Fulguration of polyps, rectal biopsy and the Barron method of removing hemorrhoids require no anesthesia. Anal fissures, warts, small fistulas and hemorrhoids can be removed with a minimal amount of anesthesia. Pilonidal cysts or abscesses can also be incised and drained in this manner. Extensive fistulas, unusually l...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This common fracture most frequently affects young males. In most cases, the fracture is found on initial examination. Occasionally, it is missed on the initial radiographic evaluation but becomes apparent on follow-up films. Although most scaphoid fractures respond to conservative therapy, some fail to heal. Nonunion...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low-molecular-weight heparin is a relatively recent addition to the list of therapies for prophylaxis and treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). As a prophylactic, low-molecular-weight heparin is as effective as standard heparin or warfarin and does not require monitoring of the activated partial thromboplastin ti...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Inguinal and femoral hernias are the most common conditions for which primary care physicians refer patients for surgical management. Hernias usually present as swelling accompanied by pain or a dragging sensation in the groin. Most hernias can be diagnosed based on the history and clinical examination, but ultrasonog...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The process of identifying and evaluating the common causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy changes as the pregnancy progresses to term. The most common identifiable causes of vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy include spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy. Pelvic ultrasound and quantitative beta-human ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation, a common cardiac arrhythmia, is now recognized as a powerful risk factor for stroke. Previously, atrial fibrillation was thought to predispose persons to stroke only in the presence of rheumatic heart disease with mitral stenosis. The significant impact of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on stroke...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammatory breast cancer is a devastating disease with an extremely high rate of morbidity and mortality. Differentiating this disease from acute mastitis may be difficult on initial diagnosis. The expeditious diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory breast cancer has important ramifications for the patient's prognos...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite an 80 to 90 percent success rate in removing common bile duct stones, this technique has yet to receive universal acceptance in the United States. Originally developed for retained or newly formed common bile duct stones in patients with previous cholecystectomy, the procedure is now also used to remove common...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Delirium is common in hospitalized older patients and may be a symptom of a medical emergency, such as hypoxia or hypoglycemia. It is characterized by an acute change in cognition and attention, although the symptoms may be subtle and usually fluctuate throughout the day. This heterogeneous syndrome requires prompt re...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rational use of psychoactive drugs in frail elderly patients requires an understanding of the physiologic changes produced by aging and chronic disease. Other drugs being used and the patient's nutritional status and lifestyle also must be considered. Affective disorders and thought disorders may be effectively treate...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tension-type headache typically causes pain that radiates in a band-like fashion bilaterally from the forehead to the occiput. Pain often radiates to the neck muscles and is described as tightness, pressure, or dull ache. Migraine-type features (unilateral, throbbing pain, nausea, photophobia) are not present All pati...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is a rare disease and has traditionally been managed in the same manner as epithelial ovarian cancer. However, unlike ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer is not routinely suspected and treatment may be delayed. The clinical presentations of seven cases of fallopian tube cancer...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Papanicolaou smear is a well-established component of preventive health protocols for women. The purpose of this screening tool is to detect precursor lesions of invasive cervical carcinoma; however, the natural progression of these lesions is unclear, and it currently is not possible to determine which of the man...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Improved hand function after injury or disease is achieved by increasing joint mobility, muscle strength and coordination, while reducing edema and pain. Static and dynamic orthoses assist in correcting deformities, provide strengthening activities and maintain a functional hand position. Many orthotic appliances are ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gallstone disease is a major health problem in the United States and in most Western countries. During the past century, cholecystectomy has been the treatment of choice. Recently, new modalities of treatment have been developed, including oral dissolution therapy, extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, percutaneous t...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prognosis remains poor for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), despite reduced mortality rates resulting from the addition of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to traditional treatment regimens. Because much of the myocardial damage that occurs in patients with CHF may be related to sympathetic ac...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a benign inflammatory disease of salivary gland origin. Because of its clinical and histologic resemblance to squamous cell carcinoma, this disease must be recognized. The cause is unknown, but it may be related to oral trauma, tobacco use or inadequate blood supply. The lesion heals spo...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dorsal penile nerve block with lidocaine is safe and effective for reducing the pain associated with newborn circumcision. Administering the anesthesia adds little time or expense to the overall routine. Complications are minor, limited to local bleeding and hematoma formation. Family physicians performing circumcisio...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) may be measured in the office or at home with an inexpensive, hand-held meter. Measurement of the PEFR provides a rapid, objective means of diagnosing and monitoring asthma. Use of the peak flow meter permits early detection of deteriorating function, allowing timely institution of...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Causes of congestive heart failure include hypertension, coronary artery disease, alcohol abuse and valvular heart disease. Two-dimensional echocardiography with Doppler examination is excellent for identifying valvular heart disease. While noninvasive screening for coronary artery disease may seem cost-effective, the...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal cord compression from metastatic cancer is a medical emergency. Prompt intervention affords the best chance for successful recovery, while delay may result in devastating neurologic impairment. In the appropriate clinical setting, emergency myelography should be done to confirm the diagnosis of metastatic disea...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The protein-sparing modified fast is a safe and effective method for losing a large amount of weight relatively quickly. This diet should be used in combination with an exercise program, behavior modification and patient education. Caloric intake is in the range of 400 to 800 per day. Candidates for the diet should be...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
