Abstract:
:Delirium is common in hospitalized older patients and may be a symptom of a medical emergency, such as hypoxia or hypoglycemia. It is characterized by an acute change in cognition and attention, although the symptoms may be subtle and usually fluctuate throughout the day. This heterogeneous syndrome requires prompt recognition and evaluation, because the underlying medical condition may be life threatening. Risk factors for delirium include visual impairment, previous cognitive impairment, severe illness, and an elevated blood urea nitrogen/serum creatinine ratio. Interventions that have been shown to reduce the incidence of delirium in at-risk hospitalized patients include repeated reorientation of the patient to person and place, promotion of good sleep hygiene, early mobilization, correction of dehydration, and the minimization of unnecessary noise and stimuli. The treatment of delirium centers on the identification and management of the medical condition that triggered the delirious state. Nonpharmacologic interventions may be beneficial, but antipsychotic agents may be needed when the cause is nonspecific and other interventions do not sufficiently control symptoms such as severe agitation or psychosis. Although delirium is a temporary condition, it may persist for several months in the most vulnerable patients. Patient outcomes at one year include a higher mortality rate and a lower level of functioning compared with age-matched control patients.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Miller MOsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-01 00:00:00pages
1265-70issue
11eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Patients with variceal or other gastrointestinal hemorrhage require aggressive resuscitative measures and early diagnosis for optimal therapy. A number of nonsurgical endoscopic modalities, such as laser therapy, sclerotherapy, heater probe and electrocoagulation (monopolar or bipolar), are available to arrest and som...
journal_title:American family physician
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更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
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journal_title:American family physician
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更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
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doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
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doi:
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误,评审
doi:
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
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journal_title:American family physician
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journal_title:American family physician
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更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
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更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
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