Abstract：
:Asymptomatic bacteriuria, defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine in the absence of urinary symptoms, is a common clinical finding that often warrants a decision about whether to initiate antimicrobial therapy. There are few indications to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria, and inappropriate treatment contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance. In 2019, the Infectious Diseases Society of America revised its 2005 guidelines on asymptomatic bacteriuria, incorporating new evidence. The updated guidelines recommend screening and appropriate treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women and in individuals undergoing endourological procedures associated with mucosal trauma. The guidelines recommend against screening and treatment in infants and children; healthy adults, including nonpregnant pre- and postmenopausal women; and patients with diabetes mellitus, long-term indwelling catheters, or spinal cord injuries. The guidelines also recommend against screening and treatment in patients undergoing nonurological surgery, patients who have had a kidney transplant more than one month prior, recipients of other solid organ transplants, or those with impaired voiding following spinal cord injury. Although delirium in older adults can be caused by a urinary tract infection, the guidelines recommend that patients with delirium and no urinary or systemic symptoms be assessed for other causes of delirium, rather than initiating treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria, because treatment has not been shown to have any beneficial effect on clinical outcomes.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Colgan R,Jaffe GA,Nicolle LEsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-07-15 00:00:00pages
99-104issue
2eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650pii
d14932journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The physical examination requires careful palpation of pulses and measurement of blood pressure, evaluation of heart sounds (including detection of the third heart sound) and appreciation of clicks and murmurs. Combined with the chest x-ray and electrocardiographic findings, these steps usually lead to the most common...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Family physicians should be aware of the potential effects and complications of vasectomy so they can appropriately counsel patients seeking sterilization. Vasectomy produces anatomic, hormonal and immunologic changes and, although not substantiated by clinical studies, has been reputed to be associated with atheroscl...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs when the varicella-zoster virus is reactivated in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus represents up to one fourth of all cases of herpes zoster. Most patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus present with a periorbital vesicular rash distributed ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the release of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., the diagnostic category previously known as somatoform disorders is now called somatic symptom and related disorders. The revisions were intended to increase their relevance in the primary care setting. The main feature of this dis...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sudden cardiac death is a major public health problem, affecting 500,000 patients in the United States annually. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) can terminate malignant ventricular arrhythmias and has been shown to improve survival in high-risk populations. Although sudden cardiac death is a heterogene...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone loss coincides with the reduced physical activity of both sexes in later years, vigorously aggravated by age-associated hormonal changes in women and chronic inadequate intake of calcium. In the absence of preventive dietary measures, osteoporosis may become a major health problem for America's fastgrowing senior...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nephrolithiasis is a rare but important condition in pregnant women. The most common presenting complaint is flank pain. Recurrent or persistent urinary tract infections may also be due to nephrolithiasis. Ultrasound is the first-line diagnostic study, but a limited intravenous pyelogram can be obtained when indicated...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although clinical evaluation remains the cornerstone in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the ancillary study of choice. An important diagnostic tool, MRI can also be used to assess disease load, activity and progression, and distinguish between acute and chronic lesi...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low-molecular-weight heparin is a relatively recent addition to the list of therapies for prophylaxis and treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). As a prophylactic, low-molecular-weight heparin is as effective as standard heparin or warfarin and does not require monitoring of the activated partial thromboplastin ti...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The Food and Drug Administration has recommended that blood donated for transfusion in the United States be screened for antibodies to human T lymphotropic virus type I. Since seropositive donors will be referred to health care providers for advice, physicians should become familiar with HTLV-I, its modes of transmiss...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrous oxide analgesia is a safe alternative to parenteral narcotics for outpatient surgical procedures. This type of analgesia is effective, well tolerated by most age groups, easily administered, rapidly reversible and associated with a low incidence of serious side effects. Hypoxia can be prevented by using fail-s...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge about diabetes mellitus and its management has steadily increased since the discovery of insulin in 1921. Specific therapies for both type I and type II diabetes have resulted in greater normalization of plasma glucose levels. Information obtained from self-monitoring of blood glucose levels has given physic...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For centuries, chasteberry has been used to treat many hormone-related gynecologic conditions. The current literature supports the use of chasteberry for cyclical breast discomfort and premenstrual syndrome; data on its use for menstrual irregularities and fertility disorders are weak. Its traditional use as a galacta...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome may occur in patients taking neuroleptics and other psychotropic drugs. The syndrome is characterized by hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, altered consciousness and autonomic instability. Cerebrospinal fluid examination is normal. Treatment includes intensive supportive measures and the u...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatitis A is a common viral illness worldwide, although the incidence in the United States has diminished in recent years as a result of extended immunization practices. Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through fecal-oral contamination, and there are occasional outbreaks through food sources. Young children are usua...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Down syndrome is caused by triplicate material of chromosome 21. The syndrome has a variable physical expression, but congenital cardiac defects, transient myelodysplasia of the newborn and duodenal atresia are highly specific for this chromosomal disorder. Routine health maintenance is important because infants and c...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:While abdominoperineal resection with permanent colostomy is still required for most distal [corrected] rectal cancers, sphincter-saving local treatment by means of local excision, electrocoagulation or endocavitary contact radiation can be used for some highly selected distal tumors. Local treatment avoids a permanen...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Many patients in primary care present with ear pain (otalgia). When the ear is the source of the pain (primary otalgia), the ear examination is usually abnormal. When the ear is not the source of the pain (secondary otalgia), the ear examination is typically normal. The cause of primary otalgia is usually apparent on ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Manic episodes are characterized by the triad of unstable mood, pressured speech and increased motor activity. This type of episode is often due to bipolar disorder. Benzodiazepines and antipsychotic agents are generally used in the acute emergency management of mania. Lithium, carbamazepine or a valproate preparation...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hawthorn medicinal extract has long been a favored herbal remedy in Europe. The active components of this slow-acting cardiotonic agent are thought to be flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins. The most studied hawthorn extracts are WS 1442 and LI 132. Reviews of placebo- controlled trials have reported both subjectiv...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Rational use of psychoactive drugs in frail elderly patients requires an understanding of the physiologic changes produced by aging and chronic disease. Other drugs being used and the patient's nutritional status and lifestyle also must be considered. Affective disorders and thought disorders may be effectively treate...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schirmer's test is a simple, semiquantitative test of tear production. It is based on the physical tendency of a fluid to travel along a strip of porous material by capillary action due to surface tension. Sterile strips, standardized and prepackaged, are available from local scientific supply houses. The low cost and...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lives of patients with borderline personality disorder are characterized by turmoil, and their interpersonal relationships by conflict. As a result, these patients can be very difficult to treat. However, an accurate diagnosis and an understanding of the psychodynamics and emotional development of borderline patie...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rehabilitation of the multiple sclerosis patient must be individualized because of the varied manifestations and fluctuating course of the disease. The activity schedule must be modified to compensate for muscle weakness and fatigability. Spasticity and the preventable complication of joint contractures may be treated...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myasthenia gravis is characterized by variable ocular and skeletal muscle weakness. Peak incidence is in young women and older men. Thymomas are present in 30 percent of myasthenic patients over age 40. Binding of acetylcholine receptors by IgG antibodies may be the mechanism of the neuromuscular disorder. Repetitive ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute abdominal pain in children presents a diagnostic dilemma. Although many cases of acute abdominal pain are benign, some require rapid diagnosis and treatment to minimize morbidity. Numerous disorders can cause abdominal pain. The most common medical cause is gastroenteritis, and the most common surgical cause is ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dissecting aneurysm is the most common acute disease of the aorta. Men are more likely than women to develop aortic dissection. One-third of the cases show neurologic manifestations, which may be a clue to early diagnosis. Cerebral, spinal cord and peripheral nerve ischemia can occur. In general, the treatment of choi...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The protein-sparing modified fast is a safe and effective method for losing a large amount of weight relatively quickly. This diet should be used in combination with an exercise program, behavior modification and patient education. Caloric intake is in the range of 400 to 800 per day. Candidates for the diet should be...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Headaches are common during childhood and become more common and increase in frequency during adolescence. The rational, cost-effective evaluation of children with headache begins with a careful history. The first step is to identify the temporal pattern of the headache--acute, acute-recurrent, chronic-progressive, ch...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Management of a wide variety of musculoskeletal conditions requires the use of a cast or splint. Splints are noncircumferential immobilizers that accommodate swelling. This quality makes splints ideal for the management of a variety of acute musculoskeletal conditions in which swelling is anticipated, such as acute fr...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
