Abstract:
:Hepatitis A is a common viral illness worldwide, although the incidence in the United States has diminished in recent years as a result of extended immunization practices. Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through fecal-oral contamination, and there are occasional outbreaks through food sources. Young children are usually asymptomatic, although the likelihood of symptoms tends to increase with age. Most patients recover within two months of infection, although 10 to 15 percent of patients will experience a relapse in the first six months. Hepatitis A virus does not usually result in chronic infection or chronic liver disease. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend routine vaccination of all children 12 to 23 months of age, as well as certain vulnerable populations. Hepatitis A vaccine is also recommended for most cases of postexposure prophylaxis, although immunoglobulin is an acceptable alternative in some situations.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Matheny SC,Kingery JEsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-12-01 00:00:00pages
1027-34; quiz 1010-2issue
11eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650pii
d10724journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVES:People with acute bronchitis may show little evidence of bacterial infection. If effective, antibiotics could shorten the course of the disease. However, if they are not effective, the risk of antibiotic resistance may be increased. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of antibiotic treatme...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knee osteoarthritis is a common disabling condition that affects more than one-third of persons older than 65 years. Exercise, weight loss, physical therapy, intra-articular corticosteroid injections, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and braces or heel wedges decrease pain and improve function. Acet...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral administration of xanthine compounds represents the first line of therapy in most patients with asthma. Establishment and maintenance of a therapeutic blood level of the medication requires regular dosgae. Oral sympathomimetic agents with predominantly beta-2 adrenergic activity, if tolerated, are often useful ad...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The practicality of the office spirometer as an effective, inexpensive diagnostic device is well established. It can be used in a matter of seconds by minimally trained office personnel. Two basic parameters can be quickly and accurately measured: forced vital capacity (FVC), a test of volume indicative of restrictive...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem that can be troubling for children and their families. Recent studies indicate that nocturnal enuresis is best regarded as a group of conditions with different etiologies. A genetic component is likely in many affected children. Research also indicates the possibility of two subt...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic liver disease is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. Hepatitis C virus infection is the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease and the most common indication for liver transplantation. Preventive care can significantly reduce the progression of liver disease. Alcohol and hepatitis C vir...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prisoners in U.S. correctional facilities constitute a unique patient population in need of health services. Physicians who provide medical services to inmates also must interact with prison officials. Drug withdrawal, self-destructive behavior and infectious diseases, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, are...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poisoning is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with several million episodes reported annually. Acute medication poisonings account for nearly one half of all poisonings reported in the United States and should be considered in persons with an acute change in mental status. The initial ap...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many cases, the family physician will set the tone for rehabilitation of the stroke patient. It is imperative that the physician understand the recovery process, as well as the nature, benefits and limitations of rehabilitation. Since there are no precise predictors of individual outcome, no patient should be exclu...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apophyseal injuries, which are unique in the adolescent athlete, cause inflammation at the site of a major tendinous insertion onto a growing bony prominence. These injuries typically occur in active adolescents between the ages of eight and 15 years and usually present as periarticular pain associated with growth, sk...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arnold-Chiari malformation is a disorder of embryologic development. In Type I, there is cerebellar displacement into the spinal canal, but hydrocephalus and syringomyelia are variable. Type II usually is manifested by severe hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele in infancy. Type I malformations may pose diagnostic chall...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injuries to the head and neck are common in sports. Sideline physicians must be attentive and prepared with an organized approach to detect and manage these injuries. Because head and neck injuries often occur simultaneously, the sideline physician can combine the head and neck evaluations. When assessing a conscious ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients require sedation during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Ideally, procedural sedation minimizes the patient's awareness and discomfort while maintaining the patient's safety. Appropriate monitoring by trained personnel is the key to successful procedural sedation. These techniques should be used onl...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hallmark of agoraphobia is the spontaneous panic attack, a reaction of extreme fearfulness and impending doom with cardiorespiratory symptoms. The end result can be a patient who is housebound. The basic therapeutic principle is confrontation with the avoided object or activity. Controlled clinical experiments dem...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The safety of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) delivery has been documented. Fetal and neonatal morbidity is not increased, and the mortality rate is less than one in 2,000 deliveries. Maternal morbidity and mortality rates for VBAC delivery are significantly lower than those for repeat cesarean section. Family phy...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given that nearly one-half of pregnancies are unintended, preconception care should be considered an integral part of primary care for women of reproductive age. Common issues in preconception care include family planning, achieving a healthy body weight, screening and treatment for infectious diseases, updating appro...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the increasing popularity of recreational scuba diving, primary care physicians should be familiar with common diving injuries. One form of barotrauma, middle ear squeeze, is the most common diving injury. Other important diving injuries include inner ear barotrauma and pulmonary barotrauma. Arterial gas em...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physician needs to know the signs, symptoms and recommended treatments of drug overdoses. Overdose of hallucinogens usually does not require drug therapy. Overdose of amphetamines ("uppers") may be complicated by the presence of PCP, a dissociative substance. It is important for the physician to be familiar with t...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients expect to undergo screening tests for cancer. In evaluating screening procedures, physicians must take into account the known effects of lead time, length and screening biases, all of which can result in an overestimation of the benefits of screening. The gold standard by which a screening test is evalua...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amputated or devascularized digits should be appropriately cooled as quickly as possible. The injured extremity is dressed, splinted and elevated. Careful selection of patients for replantation has yielded satisfying results to both patients and surgeons. Replantation is indicated for a thumb or multiple-digit amputat...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Suicide attempts by drug overdose are a growing health care problem, now reaching epidemic proportions. The patient who attempts suicide is typically a young, single adult female with interpersonal conflicts who takes an overdose of a prescribed drug, frequently a benzodiazepine. Patients who have recently been separa...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risk factors for stroke should be evaluated in patients who have had a transient ischemic attack. Blood pressure, lipid levels, and diabetes mellitus should be controlled. When applicable, smoking cessation and weight loss also are important. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy may help prevent stroke. Asp...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in patients visiting a primary care practice. Although many patients with atrial fibrillation experience relief of symptoms with control of the heart rate, some patients require restoration of sinus rhythm. External direct current (DC) cardioversion is the most effecti...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic masses of the neck may represent thyroid, parathyroid, thyroglossal duct or branchial cleft cysts. Analysis of the cyst fluid may establish the etiology. Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone can be found in parathyroid cysts without concomitant hyperparathyroidism. A high concentration of cholesterol without ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The family physician often provides the first and only medical intervention for fingertip injuries. Proper diagnosis and management of fingertip injuries are vital to maintaining proper function of the hand and preventing permanent disability. A subungual hematoma is a painful condition that involves bleeding beneath ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Labor is induced if pregnancy must be completed before the onset of spontaneous labor, usually for reasons of maternal illness, fetal distress or, most commonly, prolonged pregnancy. Although various mechanical methods are available for labor induction, pharmacologic methods are more commonly used. Oxytocin is the sta...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physical examination requires careful palpation of pulses and measurement of blood pressure, evaluation of heart sounds (including detection of the third heart sound) and appreciation of clicks and murmurs. Combined with the chest x-ray and electrocardiographic findings, these steps usually lead to the most common...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Menière's disease may be the underlying cause of dizziness, which is a common presenting complaint. This disease is differentiated from other causes of dizziness by its classic constellation of four symptoms; dizziness characterized as episodic spinning or whirling vertigo; fluctuating, low-frequency sensorineural hea...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain in adults and children, with a lifetime risk of 8.6% in males and 6.7% in females. It is the most common nonobstetric surgical emergency during pregnancy. Findings from the history, physical examination, and laboratory studies aid in the diagnosis o...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a life-threatening complication of diseases and therapies associated with immunosuppression. Approximately 80 percent of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome will develop pneumocystis pneumonia. Diagnosis is important, because effective therapy is available. In most cases,...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00