Abstract:
:Acute abdominal pain in children presents a diagnostic dilemma. Although many cases of acute abdominal pain are benign, some require rapid diagnosis and treatment to minimize morbidity. Numerous disorders can cause abdominal pain. The most common medical cause is gastroenteritis, and the most common surgical cause is appendicitis. In most instances, abdominal pain can be diagnosed through the history and physical examination. Age is a key factor in evaluating the cause; the incidence and symptoms of different conditions vary greatly over the pediatric age spectrum. In the acute surgical abdomen, pain generally precedes vomiting, while the reverse is true in medical conditions. Diarrhea often is associated with gastroenteritis or food poisoning. Appendicitis should be suspected in any child with pain in the right lower quadrant. Signs that suggest an acute surgical abdomen include involuntary guarding or rigidity, marked abdominal distention, marked abdominal tenderness, and rebound abdominal tenderness. If the diagnosis is not clear after the initial evaluation, repeated physical examination by the same physician often is useful. Selected imaging studies also might be helpful. Surgical consultation is necessary if a surgical cause is suspected or the cause is not obvious after a thorough evaluation.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Leung AK,Sigalet DLsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-06-01 00:00:00pages
2321-6issue
11eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
67pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Eating disorders are life-threatening conditions that are challenging to address; however, the primary care setting provides an important opportunity for critical medical and psychosocial intervention. The recently published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., includes updated diagnostic cr...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic spinal injuries are a major health problem. Any accident victim suspected of having a spinal injury must be immobilized immediately to prevent further damage to the spine. Management is directed toward achieving the most favorable environment for spinal cord recovery. This includes maintaining adequate oxyge...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides oralis are predominant anaerobes in orofacial infections and aspiration pneumonia. Fusobacterium species are common pathogens in aspiration pneumonia, brain abscesses and orofacial infections. Clostridium perfringens can cause bacteremia and wound infections. Clostridium bot...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperparathyroidism is a common cause of hypercalcemia. The hypercalcemia usually is discovered during a routine serum chemistry profile. Often, there has been no previous suspicion of this disorder. In most patients initially believed to be asymptomatic, previously unrecognized symptoms resolve with surgical correcti...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The spondyloarthropathies include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis (including Reiter's syndrome), psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease-associated spondyloarthropathy, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy. These diseases are linked by their association with the HLA-B27 gene and by the presence ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Middle ear fluid is a common problem in children. Eustachian tube dysfunction has been considered the key to the pathogenesis of this disorder, but new studies show that other factors may be operative. Inflammation appears to play a significant role in high-viscosity effusion, and these effusions may be related to acu...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Finger fractures and dislocations are common injuries that are often managed by family physicians. A systematic physical examination is imperative to avoid complications and poor outcomes following these injuries. Radiography (commonly anteroposterior, true lateral, and oblique views) is required in the evaluation of ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2012-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::This is a minimally invasive imaging technique designed to evaluate patients for suspected coronary artery disease. It is usually performed in conjunction with stress ECG testing. It can accurately determine the presence and extent of coronary artery disease and help determine whether cardiac catheterization is necess...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis, an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is characterized pathologically by demyelination and subsequent axonal degeneration. The disease commonly presents in young adults and affects twice as many women as men. Common presenting symptoms include numbness, weakness, visual ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The status of the fibula is an index of the severity of injury. Open tibial fracture with associated fractured fibula is more likely to develop complications. Antibiotics should be started promptly. Judicious debridement is essential but bone fragments should be left whenever possible. When there is any question about...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Grief and depression present similarly in patients who are dying. Conventional symptoms (e.g., frequent crying, weight loss, thoughts of death) used to assess for depression in these patients may be imprecise because these symptoms are also present in preparatory grief and as a part of the normal dying process. Prepar...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with symptomatic lumbar disk disease may present with back pain, referred leg pain, radicular leg pain, sensory changes and leg weakness. Because neurologic deficits are commonly localized to the L5 or S1 nerve roots, evaluation of patients with such symptoms should focus on these dermatomes and muscle groups...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm birth is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Although studies have been complicated by problems of definition and methodology, certain strategies have the potential to reduce both the incidence and the impact of preterm birth. These strategies include accurate assessment of gestational age, educat...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Industrial carbon tetrachloride is used in the synthesis of chlorofluorocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Although both production and use of carbon tetrachloride are declining, industrial and hazardous waste sites remain as sources of exposure. Workers using carbon tetrachloride or products that contain it are at hig...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse publicity about nursing homes increases the anguish of many people as they face the decision of placing a loved one in a nursing home. It is true that there are shortcomings in some nursing homes: poorly trained staff, unesthetic environment, little privacy, few activities and loss of identity. Nevertheless, i...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Upper extremity bursae are injured through a number of processes, including overuse, hemorrhage, crystal deposition, autoimmune diseases and infection. These injuries may be disabling and can pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for the clinician. Treatment of the most common forms is directed at pai...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rational use of psychoactive drugs in frail elderly patients requires an understanding of the physiologic changes produced by aging and chronic disease. Other drugs being used and the patient's nutritional status and lifestyle also must be considered. Affective disorders and thought disorders may be effectively treate...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coxsackievirus B infection is common in children and young adults, usually causing mild symptoms in the gastrointestinal or upper respiratory tract. However, some patients develop pleurodynia, carditis or aseptic meningitis. This viral infection can be serious in the fetus and fatal in the newborn. Coxsackievirus B in...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early prophylaxis after exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can reduce the risk of HIV infection 10-fold and should be recommended or offered after all parenteral exposures. The current recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention call for the use of two nucleoside antiretroviral drug...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Self-care is becoming increasingly popular among health care consumers. The availability of over-the-counter medications makes it possible for consumers to treat numerous ailments without the supervision of a health care professional. Many of the medications now available without a prescription were previously classif...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::More women, men and children receive medical care each month in the offices of primary care physicians than any other professional setting. There is an urgent need for health policies that encourage further innovation and implementation ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the guideline developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, the management of suspected unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) has four components: initial evaluation and management; hospital care; coronary revascularization; and hospital...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atypical moles can be distinguished visually by clinical features of size greater than 6 mm in diameter, color variegation, indistinct borders, and textured surface. All patients who have atypical moles should be counselled about sun avoidance, screening of family members, and regular skin checks at least once per yea...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Worry is a normal response to uncertainty. Education, empathetic support, reassurance, and passage of time usually ameliorate ordinary worries. However, these common-sense strategies for dealing with transient worries often prove ineffective for patients with excessive worry, many of whom meet the criteria for disorde...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral nerve injury of the upper extremity commonly occurs in patients who participate in recreational (e.g., sports) and occupational activities. Nerve injury should be considered when a patient experiences pain, weakness, or paresthesias in the absence of a known bone, soft tissue, or vascular injury. The onset ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::A systematic approach to the interpretation of ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings facilitates analysis and improves accuracy. The method suggested includes a mnemonic and a standardized interpretation form. The mnemonic facilitates recall of key technical and patient-specific parameters involved in the prepara...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The classic modes of heat loss affecting the newborn are conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation. The disproportionate ratio of surface area to body weight (SA/BW) of the premature infant is the basis of inefficient heat conservation, combined with a blunted metabolic response. Hypothermia leads to hypoxemia...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Use of a diaphragm plus spermicide provides effective protection against pregnancy in motivated women and decreases the risk for some sexually transmitted diseases. Potential risks of this contraceptive method include the development of urinary tract infections and the possible teratogenic effects of nonoxynol-9, the ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocardial perfusion imaging with thallium-201 has been used extensively for many years in the evaluation of ischemic heart disease. It is a valuable adjunct to exercise treadmill testing and is especially helpful in evaluating cardiac perfusion in patients who have abnormal resting electrocardiograms, who are unable ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns. Universal screening for GBS among women at 35 to 37 weeks of gestation is more effective than administration of intrapartum antibiotics based on risk factors. Lower vaginal and rectal cultures for GBS are collected at 35 to 37 we...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00