Abstract：
:Preterm birth is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Although studies have been complicated by problems of definition and methodology, certain strategies have the potential to reduce both the incidence and the impact of preterm birth. These strategies include accurate assessment of gestational age, education about the signs and symptoms of early labor, recommendations for smoking cessation, and screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in all prenatal patients. In addition, specific interventions such as cervical cerclage may be indicated in certain patients. The role of home uterine monitoring is not yet established. If preterm labor does occur, tocolysis should be used to delay delivery, and in appropriate cases the patient should be transferred to a medical center with a neonatal intensive care unit. Antenatal administration of corticosteroids in preterm labor appears to significantly reduce fetal morbidity.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Lefevre MLsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-08-01 00:00:00pages
441-8issue
2eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) may be measured in the office or at home with an inexpensive, hand-held meter. Measurement of the PEFR provides a rapid, objective means of diagnosing and monitoring asthma. Use of the peak flow meter permits early detection of deteriorating function, allowing timely institution of...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genital herpes affects over 30 million persons in the United States. Genital herpes has three distinct presenting syndromes, depending on the patient's immune status with regard to the herpes simplex virus. Current diagnostic strategy relies on clinical findings and the selective use of viral culture. Acyclovir is the...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation, a common cardiac arrhythmia, is now recognized as a powerful risk factor for stroke. Previously, atrial fibrillation was thought to predispose persons to stroke only in the presence of rheumatic heart disease with mitral stenosis. The significant impact of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on stroke...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eczematous dermatitis is a common condition that can interfere with social function, sleep and employment. Its persistence and accompanying pruritus may be stressful and frustrating for patients. The most common and best characterized type of eczema, atopic dermatitis, appears to be increasing in incidence. Other comm...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Caring for the problem drinker in the perioperative period is a challenging task. If alcohol abuse is suspected, a careful assessment is indicated before surgery is performed. Both the CAGE and SMAST questionnaires are good screening tools for alcoholism. Preoperative evaluation of alcohol-dependent patients should in...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While abdominoperineal resection with permanent colostomy is still required for most distal [corrected] rectal cancers, sphincter-saving local treatment by means of local excision, electrocoagulation or endocavitary contact radiation can be used for some highly selected distal tumors. Local treatment avoids a permanen...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Eating disorders are life-threatening conditions that are challenging to address; however, the primary care setting provides an important opportunity for critical medical and psychosocial intervention. The recently published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., includes updated diagnostic cr...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain encountered in the outpatient setting in adolescents and adults younger than 60 years. The incidence in the United States is between 3% and 6%. The cardinal feature of PFPS is pain in or around the anterior knee that intensifies...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by a serum glucose level greater than 250 mg per dL, a pH less than 7.3, a serum bicarbonate level less than 18 mEq per L, an elevated serum ketone level, and dehydration. Insulin deficiency is the main precipitating factor. Diabetic ketoacidosis can occur in persons of all ages,...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At least three models have been used to project the future physician workforce, and each produces different results. No physician workforce predictions can be relied on until there is more consideration of and agreement on desired health outcomes and what physicians must do to achieve them. ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For centuries, chasteberry has been used to treat many hormone-related gynecologic conditions. The current literature supports the use of chasteberry for cyclical breast discomfort and premenstrual syndrome; data on its use for menstrual irregularities and fertility disorders are weak. Its traditional use as a galacta...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Particularly in rural settings, Trichophyton verrucosum commonly causes an inflammatory tinea infection, sometimes called 'barn itch." There is usually a history of contact with animals. The demonstration of clusters of large spores in a potassium hydroxide preparation of scrappings obtained from clinically involved s...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chief side effect of phenobarbital is drowsiness, which is usually associated with overdosage. Phenytoin, on the other hand, causes gingival hyperplasia in many patients, irreversible hypertrichosis in some patients and lethal reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, in a few patients. Antiepileptic therapy sh...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suspect this common syndrome in young women who are pregnant or on oral contraceptives, in menopausal women, in patients performing unaccustomed repetitive manual activity, in those on hemodialysis and in those with endocrine abnormalities. Diagnosis requires precise neurologic examination and electrodiagnostic studie...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pressure sore are caused by multiple mechanisms. Preventive management requires relief of pressure, skin care, control of spasms, release of contractures and treatment of infection. Conservative treatment succeeds only when pressure on the ulcer site is relieved. Surgical treatment involves primary, secondary and tert...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carpal tunnel syndrome, the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper extremity, is caused by compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel. Classically, patients with the condition experience pain and paresthesias in the distribution of the median nerve, which includes the palmar aspect...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:An educational dialog founded on open communication between clinician and patient is necessary for a successful partnership in asthma care. Educating patients in self-management of asthma has become a major challenge in primary care practice. The process should begin at the time of diagnosis and should be integrated i...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Delirium is characterized by a sudden deterioration in cognitive function and an inability to sustain attention. It is a medical emergency that occurs in more than 20 percent of hospitalized elderly patients. Misdiagnosis is common and contributes to high morbidity and mortality. Patients may present in hypoactive, hy...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peritonsillar abscess remains the most common deep infection of the head and neck. The condition occurs primarily in young adults, most often during November to December and April to May, coinciding with the highest incidence of streptococcal pharyngitis and exudative tonsillitis. A peritonsillar abscess is a polymicr...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Finger fractures and dislocations are common injuries that are often managed by family physicians. A systematic physical examination is imperative to avoid complications and poor outcomes following these injuries. Radiography (commonly anteroposterior, true lateral, and oblique views) is required in the evaluation of ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Careful examination of the neonate at delivery can detect anomalies, birth injuries, and disorders that may compromise successful adaptation to extrauterine life. A newborn with one anatomic malformation should be evaluated for associated anomalies. If a newborn is found to have an abdominal wall defect, management in...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent innovations in medical technology have changed newborn screening programs in the United States. The widespread use of tandem mass spectrometry is helping to identify more inborn errors of metabolism. Primary care physicians often are the first to be contacted by state and reference laboratories when neonatal sc...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urine drug screening can enhance workplace safety, monitor medication compliance, and detect drug abuse. Ordering and interpreting these tests requires an understanding of testing modalities, detection times for specific drugs, and common explanations for false-positive and false-negative results. Employment screening...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Risk factors for stroke should be evaluated in patients who have had a transient ischemic attack. Blood pressure, lipid levels, and diabetes mellitus should be controlled. When applicable, smoking cessation and weight loss also are important. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy may help prevent stroke. Asp...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of Lyme disease is increasing, and the disease is spreading geographically. Prompt diagnosis requires recognition of characteristic signs and symptoms of infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. In more than half of cases, erythema migrans is the earliest sign of Lyme disease. Although less fr...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The principal means of evaluating perimenopausal bleeding is endometrial biopsy performed in the office. With the rising incidence of endometrial cancer, an accurate diagnosis is imperative. Outpatient endometrial biopsy is well accepted by patients, provides ample tissue for histologic examination and has good diagno...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microscopic hematuria, a common finding on routine urinalysis of adults, is clinically significant when three to five red blood cells per high-power field are visible. Etiologies of microscopic hematuria range from incidental causes to life-threatening urinary tract neoplasm. The lack of evidence-based imaging guideli...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Optimal management of corneal foreign-body injuries includes an accurate history, thorough examination of both eyes, atraumatic removal of the foreign body, elimination of the rust ring, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis and protective patching. Pitfalls to be avoided include using topical steroids, which may promote...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seizure patterns usually reflect known functions of the involved areas of the brain. The causes of epilepsy vary with the age at onset. For the purposes of determining drug therapy, seizures are divided into three groups. Focal and tonic-clonic seizures respond to one group of drugs, and absence seizures respond to an...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prompt defibrillation with lower energy levels (200 joules) initially is now recommended. Epinephrine is effective when instilled intratracheally and remains the treatment of choice for restoring cardiac rhythm. Enthusiasm for isoproterenol and calcium chloride has waned. Sodium bicarbonate and atropine are now used m...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
