Abstract：
:Atypical moles can be distinguished visually by clinical features of size greater than 6 mm in diameter, color variegation, indistinct borders, and textured surface. All patients who have atypical moles should be counselled about sun avoidance, screening of family members, and regular skin checks at least once per year. Total body photography and dermoscopy can aid in regular skin monitoring for changes in atypical moles and the emergence of new lesions. The presence of multiple atypical moles increases the risk of melanoma. The greatest risk of melanoma is in patients who have more than 50 atypical moles and two or more family members with melanoma (familial atypical mole and melanoma syndrome). Atypical moles should be removed when they have features suggestive of malignant transformation. Elliptical excision is the preferred removal technique. Removing all atypical moles is neither necessary nor cost effective.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Cyr PRsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-09-15 00:00:00pages
735-40issue
6eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Gas, bloating, and belching are associated with a variety of conditions but are most commonly caused by functional gastrointestinal disorders. These disorders are characterized by disordered motility and visceral hypersensitivity that are often worsened by psychological distress. An organized approach to the evaluatio...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:AIDS dementia complex is a major source of disability for many AIDS patients. Less commonly, the spinal cord or peripheral nerves are affected by HIV infection. Physicians working with AIDS patients must differentiate these manifestations from those caused by the infectious, neoplastic and vascular complications. ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rehabilitation of the multiple sclerosis patient must be individualized because of the varied manifestations and fluctuating course of the disease. The activity schedule must be modified to compensate for muscle weakness and fatigability. Spasticity and the preventable complication of joint contractures may be treated...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analgesic and sedative needs depend on the type of procedure, the child's age and the degree of cooperation from the child and parents. Local anesthesia, which may be administered subcutaneously or in topical gel form, generally is sufficient for common procedures such as lumbar puncture and laceration repair. Frequen...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Major complications of cirrhosis include ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, and hepatorenal syndrome. Diagnostic studies on ascitic fluid should include a differential leukocyte count, total protein level, a serum-ascites albumin gradient, and fl...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Home monitoring of blood glucose and blood pressure levels can provide patients and physicians with valuable information in the management of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Home monitoring allows patients to play an active role in their care and may improve treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. Glucose meter...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Although herpes simplex virus is a recognized cause of esophagitis in immunocompromised patients, it may also be the etiologic agent in otherwise healthy individuals. Odynophagia and dysphagia are the major symptoms. The esophagogram may reveal ulcers in the distal esophagus and there may be motor disturbances as well...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Manic episodes are characterized by the triad of unstable mood, pressured speech and increased motor activity. This type of episode is often due to bipolar disorder. Benzodiazepines and antipsychotic agents are generally used in the acute emergency management of mania. Lithium, carbamazepine or a valproate preparation...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Life-threatening dermatologic conditions include Rocky Mountain spotted fever; necrotizing fasciitis; toxic epidermal necrolysis; and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the most common rickettsial disease in the United States, with an overall mortality rate of 5 to 10 percent. Classic symptoms i...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hearing conservation programs have not kept pace with changes in the workplace and in the work force. Heavy industry and noisy factories have yielded to quiet computers and high technology. Chemicals, self-administered or prescribed, may replace noise as a chief source of hearing loss. The aging working population and...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used, but have risks associated with their use, including significant upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Older persons, persons taking anticoagulants, and persons with a history of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding associated with NSAIDs are at especia...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,实务指引
doi：
更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Rheumatic complaints secondary to viral infections are usually brief, self-limited and nondestructive. They may accompany almost any type of viral illness, and the arthritic presentation is nonspecific. These manifestations are protean, ranging from arthralgia to vasculitis. Often the cause of the rheumatic complaint ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Family physicians should be aware of the potential effects and complications of vasectomy so they can appropriately counsel patients seeking sterilization. Vasectomy produces anatomic, hormonal and immunologic changes and, although not substantiated by clinical studies, has been reputed to be associated with atheroscl...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The spondyloarthropathies include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis (including Reiter's syndrome), psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease-associated spondyloarthropathy, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy. These diseases are linked by their association with the HLA-B27 gene and by the presence ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Healing by primary intention is a threefold process, consisting of an initial phase in which red and white blood cells bind the wound; epithelialization and fibroplasia, and a maturation phase involving collagen synthesis. The appearance of the wound reflects its maturation. Skillful wound management is based on biolo...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adverse effects of hormonal contraceptives usually diminish with continued use of the same method. Often, physi- cians only need to reassure patients that these symptoms will likely resolve within three to five months. Long-acting injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is the only hormonal contraceptive that is ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Most side effects of oral contraceptives can be attributed to an excess or a deficiency of estrogen or progestin. Knowledge of the relative amounts of estrogen and progestin in the available preparations permits a rational adjustment of dosage if side effects occur. With this information, nearly every woman who wants ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Persons with mental retardation sometimes exhibit behaviors that are difficult to control. Use of neuroleptic medications may be limited by side effects or ineffectiveness. Beta blockers such as propranolol and metoprolol have been shown to decrease aggressive and impulsive behaviors in some patients with mental retar...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 指南,杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult immunization rates have fallen short of national goals partly because of misconceptions about the safety and benefits of current vaccines. The danger of these misconceptions is magnified during pregnancy, when concerned physicians are hesitant to administer vaccines and patients are reluctant to accept them. Rou...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens of the influenza virus periodically undergo major or minor structural changes. These influence epidemiologic patterns and the composition of vaccine. Annual vaccination is recommended for individuals at increased risk of complications from lower respiratory tract in...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic pancreatitis is the progressive and permanent destruction of the pancreas resulting in exocrine and endocrine insufficiency and, often, chronic disabling pain. The etiology is multifactorial. Alcoholism plays a significant role in adults, whereas genetic and structural defects predominate in children. The aver...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nephrolithiasis is a rare but important condition in pregnant women. The most common presenting complaint is flank pain. Recurrent or persistent urinary tract infections may also be due to nephrolithiasis. Ultrasound is the first-line diagnostic study, but a limited intravenous pyelogram can be obtained when indicated...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inguinal and femoral hernias are the most common conditions for which primary care physicians refer patients for surgical management. Hernias usually present as swelling accompanied by pain or a dragging sensation in the groin. Most hernias can be diagnosed based on the history and clinical examination, but ultrasonog...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health promotion activities benefit the elderly as much as they benefit younger persons. Motor vehicle accident and pedestrian injuries can be reduced by encouraging seat belt use and identifying unsafe drivers. Both medical and environmental factors should be considered in the prevention of falls in the elderly. All ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus and subacute and acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus are associated with distinct cutaneous manifestations, and each disease has a particular clinical course and prognosis. Dermatomyositis, an immune-mediated disorder of unknown etiology that is often...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knee effusions may be the result of trauma, overuse or systemic disease. An understanding of knee pathoanatomy is an invaluable part of making the correct diagnosis and formulating a treatment plan. Taking a thorough medical history is the key component of the evaluation. The most common traumatic causes of knee effus...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The preparticipation physical evaluation is a commonly requested medical visit for amateur and professional athletes of all ages. The overarching goal is to maximize the health of athletes and their safe participation in sports. Although studies have not found that the preparticipation physical evaluation prevents mor...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis, an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is characterized pathologically by demyelination and subsequent axonal degeneration. The disease commonly presents in young adults and affects twice as many women as men. Common presenting symptoms include numbness, weakness, visual ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Caring for the problem drinker in the perioperative period is a challenging task. If alcohol abuse is suspected, a careful assessment is indicated before surgery is performed. Both the CAGE and SMAST questionnaires are good screening tools for alcoholism. Preoperative evaluation of alcohol-dependent patients should in...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular arrhythmia that adversely affects cardiac function and increases the risk of stroke. It is the most common arrhythmia and a major source of morbidity and mortality; its prevalence increases with age. Pulse rate is sensitive, but not specific, for diagnosis, and suspected atria...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-09-15 00:00:00
