Abstract：
:The classic modes of heat loss affecting the newborn are conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation. The disproportionate ratio of surface area to body weight (SA/BW) of the premature infant is the basis of inefficient heat conservation, combined with a blunted metabolic response. Hypothermia leads to hypoxemia, acidosis, hypoglycemia, kernicterus and other lethal complications. Mistakes are common. Attention to minute details is required for stabilization of body temperature at the "neutral temperature zone" in delivery room, nursery and in transport.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Kanto WP Jr,Calvert LJsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-11-01 00:00:00pages
157-63issue
5eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Patients with seasonal affective disorder have episodes of major depression that tend to recur during specific times of the year, usually in winter. Like major depression, seasonal affective disorder probably is underdiagnosed in primary care settings. Although several screening instruments are available, such screeni...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute bronchitis is a lower respiratory tract infection that causes reversible bronchial inflammation. In up to 95 percent of cases, the cause, is viral. While antibiotics are often prescribed for patients with acute bronchitis, little evidence shows that these agents provide significant symptomatic relief or shorten ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke can be categorized as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Awakening with or experiencing the abrupt onset of focal neurologic deficits is the hallmark of the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. The most common presenting symptoms of ischemic stroke are speech disturbance and weaknes...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2015-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic pancreatitis is the progressive and permanent destruction of the pancreas resulting in exocrine and endocrine insufficiency and, often, chronic disabling pain. The etiology is multifactorial. Alcoholism plays a significant role in adults, whereas genetic and structural defects predominate in children. The aver...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rosacea is a common, but often overlooked, skin condition of uncertain etiology that can lead to significant facial disfigurement, ocular complications, and severe emotional distress. The progression of rosacea is variable; however, typical stages include: (1) facial flushing, (2) erythema and/or edema and ocular symp...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although falls are a common cause of injury in older persons, they are not just a normal part of the aging process. The American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society recommend that all adults older than 65 years be screened annually for a history of falls or balance impairment. An individualized risk asse...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause affecting young and middle-aged adults. Patients commonly present with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, and ocular and skin lesions. The heart, liver,spleen, salivary glands, muscles,bones, kidneys, and central nervous system also ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Relactation means reestablishment of a milk supply and nursing after the cessation of nursing for a variable period. Induced nonpuerperal lactation means establishing a milk supply in a woman who has never been pregnant. When motivation and the breasts have both been carefully examined, preparation includes breast sti...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge about diabetes mellitus and its management has steadily increased since the discovery of insulin in 1921. Specific therapies for both type I and type II diabetes have resulted in greater normalization of plasma glucose levels. Information obtained from self-monitoring of blood glucose levels has given physic...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rehabilitation of the multiple sclerosis patient must be individualized because of the varied manifestations and fluctuating course of the disease. The activity schedule must be modified to compensate for muscle weakness and fatigability. Spasticity and the preventable complication of joint contractures may be treated...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Healing by primary intention is a threefold process, consisting of an initial phase in which red and white blood cells bind the wound; epithelialization and fibroplasia, and a maturation phase involving collagen synthesis. The appearance of the wound reflects its maturation. Skillful wound management is based on biolo...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knee effusions may be the result of trauma, overuse or systemic disease. An understanding of knee pathoanatomy is an invaluable part of making the correct diagnosis and formulating a treatment plan. Taking a thorough medical history is the key component of the evaluation. The most common traumatic causes of knee effus...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Headaches are common during childhood and become more common and increase in frequency during adolescence. The rational, cost-effective evaluation of children with headache begins with a careful history. The first step is to identify the temporal pattern of the headache--acute, acute-recurrent, chronic-progressive, ch...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that is commonly used by primary care physicians for the evaluation of rectal disorders and for colorectal screening. Retroflexion of the endoscope improves views of the anorectum and rectal vault, which increases the diagnostic yield of sigmoidoscopy. We report three cases of rec...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Although amenorrhea may result from a number of different conditions, a systematic evaluation including a detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory assessment of selected serum hormone levels can usually identify the underlying cause. Primary amenorrhea, which by definition is failure to reach menarche, i...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heel pain is a common presenting symptom in ambulatory clinics. There are many causes, but a mechanical etiology is most common. Location of pain can be a guide to the proper diagnosis. The most common diagnosis is plantar fasciitis, a condition that leads to medial plantar heel pain, especially with the first weight-...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Atypical moles can be distinguished visually by clinical features of size greater than 6 mm in diameter, color variegation, indistinct borders, and textured surface. All patients who have atypical moles should be counselled about sun avoidance, screening of family members, and regular skin checks at least once per yea...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute renal failure occurs in 5 percent of hospitalized patients. Etiologically, this common condition can be categorized as prerenal, intrinsic or postrenal. Most patients have prerenal acute renal failure or acute tubular necrosis (a type of intrinsic acute renal failure that is usually caused by ischemia or toxins)...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inguinal and femoral hernias are the most common conditions for which primary care physicians refer patients for surgical management. Hernias usually present as swelling accompanied by pain or a dragging sensation in the groin. Most hernias can be diagnosed based on the history and clinical examination, but ultrasonog...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation, a common cardiac arrhythmia, is now recognized as a powerful risk factor for stroke. Previously, atrial fibrillation was thought to predispose persons to stroke only in the presence of rheumatic heart disease with mitral stenosis. The significant impact of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on stroke...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comprehensive medical history that includes questions about a personal and family history of cardiovascular disease is the most important initial component of the preparticipation athletic evaluation. Additional questions should focus on any history of neurologic or musculoskeletal problems. A limited physical exami...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of kidney disease. Enlarging cysts within the kidneys are the clinical hallmark of the disease. Renal manifestations include varying degrees of kidney injury, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and hematuria. Extrarenal manif...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children six months to four years of age are at greatest risk for aspiration of foreign bodies. A history of coughing after contact with small objects is the most important clue. The clinical presentation varies from paroxysms of choking and coughing to chronic cough or wheezing. Chest radiographs are normal in up to ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance imaging uses powerful magnetic fields and a radiofrequency pulse to provide a diagnostic image. Physicians must identify patients with metallic internal implants, pacemakers and cochlear implants before MRI scanning to prevent serious injury. Some patients also experience severe anxiety from the con...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injuries from power lawnmowers most frequently involve the toes or the foot. The most common injury is caused by an extremity being caught in the moving parts of the machine. The greatest injury is to the skin and soft tissue by degloving or avulsion. Most of these injuries, especially those which occur to children wh...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The process of identifying and evaluating the common causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy changes as the pregnancy progresses to term. The most common identifiable causes of vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy include spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy. Pelvic ultrasound and quantitative beta-human ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This is a minimally invasive imaging technique designed to evaluate patients for suspected coronary artery disease. It is usually performed in conjunction with stress ECG testing. It can accurately determine the presence and extent of coronary artery disease and help determine whether cardiac catheterization is necess...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than 30% of U.S. adults report having experienced low back pain within the preceding three months. Although most low back pain is nonspecific and self-limiting, a subset of patients develop chronic low back pain, defined as persistent symptoms for longer than three months. Low back pain is categorized as nonspeci...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Family physicians should be aware of the potential effects and complications of vasectomy so they can appropriately counsel patients seeking sterilization. Vasectomy produces anatomic, hormonal and immunologic changes and, although not substantiated by clinical studies, has been reputed to be associated with atheroscl...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Problems resulting from cold exposure can be successfully treated when a coordinated emergency medical transport system and appropriate equipment are available, as well as medical personnel knowledgeable in the management of frostbite and hypothermia. Clinical suspicion of these disorders is essential. Profoundly hypo...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
