Abstract：
:Heel pain is a common presenting symptom in ambulatory clinics. There are many causes, but a mechanical etiology is most common. Location of pain can be a guide to the proper diagnosis. The most common diagnosis is plantar fasciitis, a condition that leads to medial plantar heel pain, especially with the first weight-bearing steps in the morning and after long periods of rest. Other causes of plantar heel pain include calcaneal stress fracture (progressively worsening pain following an increase in activity level or change to a harder walking surface), nerve entrapment (pain accompanied by burning, tingling, or numbness), heel pad syndrome (deep, bruise-like pain in the middle of the heel), neuromas, and plantar warts. Achilles tendinopathy is a common condition that causes posterior heel pain. Other tendinopathies demonstrate pain localized to the insertion site of the affected tendon. Posterior heel pain can also be attributed to a Haglund deformity, a prominence of the calcaneus that may cause bursa inflammation between the calcaneus and Achilles tendon, or to Sever disease, a calcaneal apophysitis in children. Medial midfoot heel pain, particularly with continued weight bearing, may be due to tarsal tunnel syndrome, which is caused by compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it courses through the flexor retinaculum, medial calcaneus, posterior talus, and medial malleolus. Sinus tarsi syndrome occurs in the space between the calcaneus, talus, and talocalcaneonavicular and subtalar joints. The syndrome manifests as lateral midfoot heel pain. Differentiating among causes of heel pain can be accomplished through a patient history and physical examination, with appropriate imaging studies, if indicated.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Tu P,Bytomski JRsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-15 00:00:00pages
909-16issue
8eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650pii
d9026journal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Although a rare entity, laryngeal tuberculosis must be a diagnostic consideration--along with laryngeal carcinoma--whenever patients present with prolonged hoarseness or painful dysphagia. This form of tuberculosis was once thought to be especially virulent and more infectious than other forms; however, severity was p...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Virology has become an increasingly important field of medicine in the past decade. Many infectious diseases that were once of unknown etiology can now be linked to the specific viral pathogen. New methods for diagnosing and treating viral diseases are being developed. In addition, antiviral therapy or prophylaxis is ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optimal management of corneal foreign-body injuries includes an accurate history, thorough examination of both eyes, atraumatic removal of the foreign body, elimination of the rust ring, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis and protective patching. Pitfalls to be avoided include using topical steroids, which may promote...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
更新日期：2011-06-15 00:00:00
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doi：
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
更新日期：2007-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
