Abstract：
:Heel pain is a common presenting symptom in ambulatory clinics. There are many causes, but a mechanical etiology is most common. Location of pain can be a guide to the proper diagnosis. The most common diagnosis is plantar fasciitis, a condition that leads to medial plantar heel pain, especially with the first weight-bearing steps in the morning and after long periods of rest. Other causes of plantar heel pain include calcaneal stress fracture (progressively worsening pain following an increase in activity level or change to a harder walking surface), nerve entrapment (pain accompanied by burning, tingling, or numbness), heel pad syndrome (deep, bruise-like pain in the middle of the heel), neuromas, and plantar warts. Achilles tendinopathy is a common condition that causes posterior heel pain. Other tendinopathies demonstrate pain localized to the insertion site of the affected tendon. Posterior heel pain can also be attributed to a Haglund deformity, a prominence of the calcaneus that may cause bursa inflammation between the calcaneus and Achilles tendon, or to Sever disease, a calcaneal apophysitis in children. Medial midfoot heel pain, particularly with continued weight bearing, may be due to tarsal tunnel syndrome, which is caused by compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it courses through the flexor retinaculum, medial calcaneus, posterior talus, and medial malleolus. Sinus tarsi syndrome occurs in the space between the calcaneus, talus, and talocalcaneonavicular and subtalar joints. The syndrome manifests as lateral midfoot heel pain. Differentiating among causes of heel pain can be accomplished through a patient history and physical examination, with appropriate imaging studies, if indicated.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Tu P,Bytomski JRsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-15 00:00:00pages
909-16issue
8eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650pii
d9026journal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Hypertension is the most common chronic condition treated by family physicians. Elevated blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and death. Treatment of hypertension reduces the risk of these events. Several lifestyle modifications are assoc...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density and a deterioration in the microarchitecture of bone that increases its susceptibility to fracture. The World Health Organization defines osteoporosis as a bone mineral density that is 2.5 standard deviations or more below the reference mean for healthy, young ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
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journal_title：American family physician
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更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
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doi：
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journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
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