Abstract：
:Arnold-Chiari malformation is a disorder of embryologic development. In Type I, there is cerebellar displacement into the spinal canal, but hydrocephalus and syringomyelia are variable. Type II usually is manifested by severe hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele in infancy. Type I malformations may pose diagnostic challenges because they often produce bizarre and vague symptoms. A careful history and physical examination, coupled with neurologic testing, especially magnetic resonance imaging, will lead to the correct diagnosis.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Susman J,Jones C,Wheatley Dsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-03-01 00:00:00pages
207-11issue
3eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Genital herpes affects over 30 million persons in the United States. Genital herpes has three distinct presenting syndromes, depending on the patient's immune status with regard to the herpes simplex virus. Current diagnostic strategy relies on clinical findings and the selective use of viral culture. Acyclovir is the...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tick-borne diseases in the United States include Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, tularemia, babesiosis, Colorado tick fever, and relapsing fever. It is important for family physicians to consider these illnesses when patients present with influenza-like symptoms. A petechial rash initially af...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Optimal management of corneal foreign-body injuries includes an accurate history, thorough examination of both eyes, atraumatic removal of the foreign body, elimination of the rust ring, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis and protective patching. Pitfalls to be avoided include using topical steroids, which may promote...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fulguration of polyps, rectal biopsy and the Barron method of removing hemorrhoids require no anesthesia. Anal fissures, warts, small fistulas and hemorrhoids can be removed with a minimal amount of anesthesia. Pilonidal cysts or abscesses can also be incised and drained in this manner. Extensive fistulas, unusually l...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatitis B causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. More than 400 million persons, including 1.25 million Americans, have chronic hepatitis B. In the United States, chronic hepatitis B virus infection is responsible for about 5,000 annual deaths from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B vi...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alopecia can be divided into disorders in which the hair follicle is normal but the cycling of hair growth is abnormal and disorders in which the hair follicle is damaged. Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss in women. Other disorders include alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, cicatricial alope...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Worry is a normal response to uncertainty. Education, empathetic support, reassurance, and passage of time usually ameliorate ordinary worries. However, these common-sense strategies for dealing with transient worries often prove ineffective for patients with excessive worry, many of whom meet the criteria for disorde...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Schirmer's test is a simple, semiquantitative test of tear production. It is based on the physical tendency of a fluid to travel along a strip of porous material by capillary action due to surface tension. Sterile strips, standardized and prepackaged, are available from local scientific supply houses. The low cost and...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The blood sample for phenylketonuria (PKU) screening should be obtained at least 12 hours after the infant's birth. Newborn screening for PKU has largely eliminated mental retardation caused by this disease. If the first phenylalanine test demonstrates positive results, a repeat test should be performed. Treatment to ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that can cause significant disability and decreased quality of life. The cardinal physical signs of the disease are distal resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and asymmetric onset. Levodopa is the primary treatment for Parkinson's disease; however, its lon...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Photosensitivity reactions associated with the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs may be classified as phototoxic (caused by potentiation of solar energy by a drug) or photoallergic (in which the combination of a photosensitizing agent and light evokes a true cell-mediated hypersensitivity response). A case...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the nearly 4 million births in the United States annually are normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries. In the first stage of labor, normal birth outcomes can be improved by encouraging the patient to walk and stay in upright positions, waiting until at least 6 cm dilation to diagnose active stage arrest, providi...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is most commonly performed for evaluation of epigastric pain, severe heartburn, chronic nausea and other dyspepsia syndromes that are not relieved by medical therapy. It should not be performed as an in-office procedure in patients with unstable angina, respiratory failure, active upper gast...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ectopic pregnancy occurs at a rate of 19.7 cases per 1,000 pregnancies in North America and is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. Greater awareness of risk factors and improved technology (biochemical markers and ultrasonography) allow ectopic pregnancy to be identified before the developmen...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Myocardial perfusion imaging with thallium-201 has been used extensively for many years in the evaluation of ischemic heart disease. It is a valuable adjunct to exercise treadmill testing and is especially helpful in evaluating cardiac perfusion in patients who have abnormal resting electrocardiograms, who are unable ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of Lyme disease is increasing, and the disease is spreading geographically. Prompt diagnosis requires recognition of characteristic signs and symptoms of infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. In more than half of cases, erythema migrans is the earliest sign of Lyme disease. Although less fr...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Otitis externa, green nail syndrome, toe web infections, hot tub folliculitis, superinfections in chronic antibiotic-treated acne and infectious eczematoid dermatitis are examples of mild cutaneous infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These may occur in otherwise healthy persons. In persons with lowered resistanc...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute ankle injury, a common musculoskeletal injury, can cause ankle sprains. Some evidence suggests that previous injuries or limited joint flexibility may contribute to ankle sprains. The initial assessment of an acute ankle injury should include questions about the timing and mechanism of the injury. The Ottawa Ank...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Although local anesthesia usually is used in surgical procedures, field or nerve blocks can provide more effective anesthesia in some situations. In a field block, local anesthetic is infiltrated around the border of the surgical field, leaving the operative area undisturbed. In field blocks, epinephrine may be added ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prompt defibrillation with lower energy levels (200 joules) initially is now recommended. Epinephrine is effective when instilled intratracheally and remains the treatment of choice for restoring cardiac rhythm. Enthusiasm for isoproterenol and calcium chloride has waned. Sodium bicarbonate and atropine are now used m...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Left ventricular hypertrophy is more common in hypertensive individuals than in normotensive persons. Its presence in hypertensive patients is associated with an increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Echocardiography is mor...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of skin cancer is increasing by epidemic proportions. Basal cell cancer remains the most common skin neoplasm, and simple excision is generally curative. Squamous cell cancers may be preceded by actinic keratoses-premalignant lesions that are treated with cryotherapy, excision, curettage or topical 5-flu...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic causes of leg edema include idiopathic cyclic edema, heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrosis and other hypoproteinemic states. Lymphedema may be primary, or secondary to neoplasm, lymphangitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis and, rarely (in the U.S.), filariasis. Thrombophlebitis and chronic venous insufficiency are no...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major chlamydial infections are conjunctivitis and pneumonia in infants and urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis and ocular infection in adults. Tetracyclines are usually the drugs of choice for the treatment of chlamydial infections. Erythromycin therapy is preferred for pregnant women and for neonates with conjun...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Substantial advances have been made in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Mesalamine and olsalazine are new anti-inflammatory agents that may serve as alternatives to corticosteroids and sulfasalazine, which have been the mainstays of medical therapy. These new agents are available in oral, enema and suppos...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with seasonal affective disorder have episodes of major depression that tend to recur during specific times of the year, usually in winter. Like major depression, seasonal affective disorder probably is underdiagnosed in primary care settings. Although several screening instruments are available, such screeni...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Streptomycin is still the treatment of choice for tularemia and plague, and is effective in a few other diseases. Neomycin is used primarily as a topical agent. The other aminoglycoside antibiotics are indicated in serious infections caused by the gram-negative enterobacteria and, except for kanamycin, are also effect...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although rare, invasive amebiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of rectal disease suggesting carcinoma. In the case reported, rectal ameboma was responsible for the patient's rectal pain, hematochezia and weight loss. ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic tendon injuries present unique management challenges. The assumption that these injuries result from ongoing inflammation has caused physicians to rely on treatments demonstrated to be ineffective in the long term. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be limited in the treatment of these injuries. Corti...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A large number of drugs are introduced every year, and new interactions between medications are increasingly reported. Consequently, it is no longer practical for physicians to rely on memory alone to avoid potential drug interactions. Multiple drug regimens carry the risk of adverse interactions. Precipitant drugs mo...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00
