Abstract：
:Hawthorn medicinal extract has long been a favored herbal remedy in Europe. The active components of this slow-acting cardiotonic agent are thought to be flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins. The most studied hawthorn extracts are WS 1442 and LI 132. Reviews of placebo- controlled trials have reported both subjective and objective improvement in patients with mild forms of heart failure (New York Heart Association classes I through III). Other studies of hawthorn in patients with heart failure have revealed improvement in clinical symptoms, pressure-heart rate product, left ventricular ejection fraction, and patients' subjective sense of well-being. However, there is no evidence of a notable reduction in mortality or sudden death. Hawthorn is well tolerated; the most common adverse effects are vertigo and dizziness. Theoretic interactions exist with antiarrhythmics, antihypertensives, digoxin, and antihyperlipidemic agents. Proven conventional therapies for heart failure are still recommended until the safety and effectiveness of hawthorn has been proven in long-term studies.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Dahmer S,Scott Esubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-02-15 00:00:00pages
465-8issue
4eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Cardiac pacemakers are generally used in conditions where bradyarrhythmia is a major problem, such as advanced heart block, sick sinus syndrome and bundle branch block. Temporary or permanent pacing may be needed to control certain tachyarrhythmias refractory to medical therapy. Temporary pacing may be of value in the...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of the increasing popularity of recreational scuba diving, primary care physicians should be familiar with common diving injuries. One form of barotrauma, middle ear squeeze, is the most common diving injury. Other important diving injuries include inner ear barotrauma and pulmonary barotrauma. Arterial gas em...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with restless legs syndrome often have difficulty describing their symptoms. Three features characterize the classic syndrome: an unusual, almost indescribable sensation in the lower extremities; an irresistible urge to move the legs, and the exclusive occurrence of the symptoms at rest, with their relief by ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methamphetamine is a stimulant commonly abused in many parts of the United States. Most methamphetamine users are white men 18 to 25 years of age, but the highest usage rates have been found in native Hawaiians, persons of more than one race, Native Americans, and men who have sex with men. Methamphetamine use produce...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Rheumatic complaints secondary to viral infections are usually brief, self-limited and nondestructive. They may accompany almost any type of viral illness, and the arthritic presentation is nonspecific. These manifestations are protean, ranging from arthralgia to vasculitis. Often the cause of the rheumatic complaint ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting nearly one-half [corrected] of Americans older than 85 years. It is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Amyloid plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tau tangles, and depletion of acetylcholine are among the pathologic manifest...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Seizure patterns usually reflect known functions of the involved areas of the brain. The causes of epilepsy vary with the age at onset. For the purposes of determining drug therapy, seizures are divided into three groups. Focal and tonic-clonic seizures respond to one group of drugs, and absence seizures respond to an...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older adults. Diagnostic cutoff values for defining anemia vary with age, sex, and possibly race. Anemia is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on laboratory testing. Patients may present with symptoms related to associated conditions, such as b...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urinary tract infections in children are sometimes associated with vesicoureteral reflux, which can lead to renal scarring if it remains unrecognized. Since the risk of renal scarring is greatest in infants, any child who presents with a urinary tract infection prior to toilet training should be evaluated for the pres...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Genital herpes affects over 30 million persons in the United States. Genital herpes has three distinct presenting syndromes, depending on the patient's immune status with regard to the herpes simplex virus. Current diagnostic strategy relies on clinical findings and the selective use of viral culture. Acyclovir is the...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic causes of leg edema include idiopathic cyclic edema, heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrosis and other hypoproteinemic states. Lymphedema may be primary, or secondary to neoplasm, lymphangitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis and, rarely (in the U.S.), filariasis. Thrombophlebitis and chronic venous insufficiency are no...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pressure sore are caused by multiple mechanisms. Preventive management requires relief of pressure, skin care, control of spasms, release of contractures and treatment of infection. Conservative treatment succeeds only when pressure on the ulcer site is relieved. Surgical treatment involves primary, secondary and tert...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The safety of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) delivery has been documented. Fetal and neonatal morbidity is not increased, and the mortality rate is less than one in 2,000 deliveries. Maternal morbidity and mortality rates for VBAC delivery are significantly lower than those for repeat cesarean section. Family phy...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has issued recommendations on behavioral counseling to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and recommendations about screening for individual STIs. Clinicians should obtain a sexual history to assess for behaviors that increase a patient's risk. Community and...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parathyroid hyperplasia is second only to adenoma as the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism. Symptoms are most likely to result from elevated serum calcium levels. Symptoms include nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Studies that may help confirm a suspected diagnosis include ultrasonography, computed tomograp...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aspirin should not be used to treat acute febrile viral illness in children. (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: C, based on case-control studies). Although no causal link has been proven, data from case-control and historic cohort studies demonstrate an association between aspirin use and Reye syndrome. The risk of Re...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common focal entrapment syndrome. Forceful repetitive activity and vibration may be important workplace risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. Although systematic study has suggested that carpal tunnel syndrome is work-related, no clear "dose-response" curve has been found between ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Particularly in rural settings, Trichophyton verrucosum commonly causes an inflammatory tinea infection, sometimes called 'barn itch." There is usually a history of contact with animals. The demonstration of clusters of large spores in a potassium hydroxide preparation of scrappings obtained from clinically involved s...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatitis A is a common viral illness worldwide, although the incidence in the United States has diminished in recent years as a result of extended immunization practices. Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through fecal-oral contamination, and there are occasional outbreaks through food sources. Young children are usua...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is most commonly performed for evaluation of epigastric pain, severe heartburn, chronic nausea and other dyspepsia syndromes that are not relieved by medical therapy. It should not be performed as an in-office procedure in patients with unstable angina, respiratory failure, active upper gast...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease in the United States, affecting up to 30% of adults. There are two forms of NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), defined as 5% or greater hepatic steatosis without hepatocellular injury or fibrosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (N...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2020-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Running is a common form of exercise but predisposes athletes to several running-related injuries. Most running injuries are due to overuse and respond to conservative treatment. Tendinopathies in the patellar, Achilles, and hamstring tendons are common, and are primarily treated with eccentric exercise. Iliotibial ba...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2018-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance imaging uses powerful magnetic fields and a radiofrequency pulse to provide a diagnostic image. Physicians must identify patients with metallic internal implants, pacemakers and cochlear implants before MRI scanning to prevent serious injury. Some patients also experience severe anxiety from the con...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacologic agents that attenuate the influence of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are known to reduce systemic arterial blood pressure through vasodilatory action and enhanced renal clearance of sodium and water. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are known to antagonize the renin-angiotensin-aldoste...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although often used in the medical management of anxiety, insomnia, seizures and muscle spasm, benzodiazepines lead to significant complications after continuous use. These complications include tolerance, addiction, dependence and abuse. Knowledge of the diagnostic criteria and treatment of side effects improves the ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Melanoma is an increasingly common malignancy, and it affects a younger population than most cancers. Risk factors for melanoma include white race, sun sensitivity, family history of melanoma, and melanocytic nevi. Sunburn and intermittent sun exposure appear to increase the risk of developing melanoma. The role of po...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:New recommendations for the classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus include the preferred use of the terms "type 1" and "type 2" instead of "IDDM" and "NIDDM" to designate the two major types of diabetes mellitus; simplification of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus to two abnormal fasting plasma ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Preterm birth is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Although studies have been complicated by problems of definition and methodology, certain strategies have the potential to reduce both the incidence and the impact of preterm birth. These strategies include accurate assessment of gestational age, educat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The preparticipation physical evaluation is a commonly requested medical visit for amateur and professional athletes of all ages. The overarching goal is to maximize the health of athletes and their safe participation in sports. Although studies have not found that the preparticipation physical evaluation prevents mor...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Testicular torsion is characterized by the sudden onset of testicular pain associated with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Fever is unusual and urinalysis is often normal. Fever, pyuria, dysuria and urethral discharge are characteristic of epididymitis. Radionuclide scanning and Doppler ultrasound are helpful in ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
