Abstract：
:Pressure sore are caused by multiple mechanisms. Preventive management requires relief of pressure, skin care, control of spasms, release of contractures and treatment of infection. Conservative treatment succeeds only when pressure on the ulcer site is relieved. Surgical treatment involves primary, secondary and tertiary procedures. Benefits of surgical closure include avoidance of protein loss, prevention of osteomyelitis and other infections, improved appearance and prevention of carcinoma and amyloidosis. A coordinated team approach, incorporating patient education, is effective.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Elliott TMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-02-01 00:00:00pages
171-80issue
2eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Hematuria, symptomatic and incidental, that involves more than three red blood cells per high-power field on two of three properly collected urinalysis specimens warrants some type of imaging to evaluate the upper tracts. Traditionally, excretory urography or the intravenous pyelogram has been the mainstay of the hema...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The best condoms are made of latex, are lubricated and coated with a spermicide, and have a reservoir tip. Condoms can protect against conception and sexually transmitted diseases, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When condoms are used properly and in combination with vaginal spermicidal foam, the contrac...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When first seen, the overtranquilized patient may already be in withdrawal, may have other medical problems or may be seeking psychiatric help. The patient may, however, be primarily interested in obtaining more medication. Abuse and withdrawal of sedatives, tranquilizers, narcotics or alcohol, or a combination of the...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This common fracture most frequently affects young males. In most cases, the fracture is found on initial examination. Occasionally, it is missed on the initial radiographic evaluation but becomes apparent on follow-up films. Although most scaphoid fractures respond to conservative therapy, some fail to heal. Nonunion...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast milk is universally recommended as the preferred source of infant nutrition, in part because of its superior nutrient and immunologic properties. Successful breast feeding requires nursing on demand, prevention of sore nipples and convenient access to medical advice. For mothers relying on bottle feeding, cow's...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although laparoscopy has been available since the turn of the century, the technique did not become widely accepted for gastrointestinal surgery until it was used in cholecystectomy. Since then, various gastrointestinal operations have been performed using laparoscopic guidance. Laparoscopic operations must conform to...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory difficulty is a common presenting complaint in the outpatient primary care setting. Because patients may first seek care by calling their physician's office, telephone triage plays a role in the early management of dyspnea. Once the patient is in the office, the initial goal of assessment is to determine t...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth plate or physeal injuries are classified according to the zones of the physis that are affected and the disruption of bony structure. All physeal injuries should be reduced anatomically, particularly when an articular surface is involved. Inability to restore normal configuration can result in malunion, incongr...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anemia in children is commonly encountered by the family physician. Multiple causes exist, but with a thorough history, a physical examination and limited laboratory evaluation a specific diagnosis can usually be established. The use of the mean corpuscular volume to classify the anemia as microcytic, normocytic or ma...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Given that nearly one-half of pregnancies are unintended, preconception care should be considered an integral part of primary care for women of reproductive age. Common issues in preconception care include family planning, achieving a healthy body weight, screening and treatment for infectious diseases, updating appro...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic bladder catheterization is the treatment of last resort for incontinence. Urinary infection is a normal state in these patients. It should be treated only when there are signs of systemic illness. Accumulations of encrusted debris cause urinary leakage. This problem can be lessened by using silicone catheters ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than 100,000 children are born in the U.S. each year with major congenital defects or genetic disorders, with or without mental retardation. Advances in prenatal diagnosis have now made it possible to detect an increasing number of these disorders in utero. Carrier detection is advised prior to pregnancy, rather ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:People with acute bronchitis may show little evidence of bacterial infection. If effective, antibiotics could shorten the course of the disease. However, if they are not effective, the risk of antibiotic resistance may be increased. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of antibiotic treatme...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs when the varicella-zoster virus is reactivated in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus represents up to one fourth of all cases of herpes zoster. Most patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus present with a periorbital vesicular rash distributed ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Minor neurologic signs or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) precede stroke in 50 percent of patients. In men, antiplatelet therapy decreases the risk of recurrent TIA and stroke. Carotid endarterectomy for TIA is now one of the most commonly performed vascular operations. Preoperatively, the arterial anatomy of the pa...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Improved hand function after injury or disease is achieved by increasing joint mobility, muscle strength and coordination, while reducing edema and pain. Static and dynamic orthoses assist in correcting deformities, provide strengthening activities and maintain a functional hand position. Many orthotic appliances are ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antidepressant drugs are now an important component of the analgesic pharmacopeia. Their ability to relieve pain is independent of the presence of clinical depression, and their efficacy has been documented in the treatment of migraine and tension headaches, neuropathic pain and chronic pain syndromes, including those...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peptic ulcer disease is strongly associated with infection by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped, flagellated organism found predominantly in the gastric antrum. More than 90 percent of duodenal ulcers and adenocarcinomas of the distal stomach are associated with H. pylori infection. Eradication of the organism effe...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Finger fractures and dislocations are common injuries that are often managed by family physicians. A systematic physical examination is imperative to avoid complications and poor outcomes following these injuries. Radiography (commonly anteroposterior, true lateral, and oblique views) is required in the evaluation of ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients commonly present to family physicians with low back pain. Because the majority of patients fully or partially recover within six weeks, imaging studies are generally not recommended in the first month of acute low back pain. Exceptions include patients with suspected cauda equina syndrome, infection, tumor, f...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Idiopathic facial (Bell's) palsy is an affliction commonly seen and managed by the family physician. Although the prognosis is generally good, steroids and cromolyn sodium have each been advocated to enhance full recovery. Surgical exploration of the nerve is indicated when the diagnosis is unclear. Various measures m...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Successful long-term weight loss maintenance can be achieved by various means. A combination of dietary and physical activity interventions, along with one or more behavioral approaches, has proven successful in some persons, as documented by the National Weight Control Registry, but is limited by adherence to a consi...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a syndrome in which multiple symptoms reportedly occur with low-level chemical exposure. Several theories have been advanced to explain the cause of MCS, including allergy, toxic effects and neurobiologic sensitization. There is insufficient scientific evidence to confirm a relat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cirrhosis is a diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and the conversion of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. The modified Child-Pugh score, which ranks the severity of cirrhosis based on signs and liver function test results, has been shown to predict survival. Strategies have been esta...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The blood sample for phenylketonuria (PKU) screening should be obtained at least 12 hours after the infant's birth. Newborn screening for PKU has largely eliminated mental retardation caused by this disease. If the first phenylalanine test demonstrates positive results, a repeat test should be performed. Treatment to ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cat-scratch disease is a common infection that usually presents as tender lymphadenopathy. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin and any lymphadenopathy syndrome. Asymptomatic, bacteremic cats with Bartonella henselae in their saliva serve as vectors by biting and clawing the s...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Diet is the single most significant risk factor for disability and premature death. Patients and physicians often have difficulty staying abreast of diet trends, many of which focus primarily on weight loss rather than nutrition and health. Recommending an eating style can help patients make positive change. Dietary p...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Historically, osteopathic physicians have made an important contribution to the primary care workforce. More than one half of osteopathic physicians are primary care physicians, and most of these are family physicians. However, the proportion of osteopathic students choosing family medicine, like that of their allopat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The prognosis remains poor for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), despite reduced mortality rates resulting from the addition of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to traditional treatment regimens. Because much of the myocardial damage that occurs in patients with CHF may be related to sympathetic ac...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hoarseness is the term often used by patients to describe changes in their voice quality. The causes of hoarseness are determined after obtaining a detailed medical history of the circumstances preceding the onset of hoarseness and performing a thorough physical examination. The latter may include visualization of the...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
