Abstract:
:Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a syndrome in which multiple symptoms reportedly occur with low-level chemical exposure. Several theories have been advanced to explain the cause of MCS, including allergy, toxic effects and neurobiologic sensitization. There is insufficient scientific evidence to confirm a relationship between any of these possible causes and symptoms. Patients with MCS have high rates of depression, anxiety and somatoform disorders, but it is unclear if a causal relationship or merely an association exists between MCS and psychiatric problems. Physicians should compassionately evaluate and care for patients who have this distressing condition, while avoiding the use of unproven, expensive or potentially harmful tests and treatments. The first goal of management is to establish an effective physician-patient relationship. The patient's efforts to return to work and to a normal social life should be encouraged and supported.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Magill MK,Suruda Asubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-09-01 00:00:00pages
721-8issue
3eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Left ventricular hypertrophy is more common in hypertensive individuals than in normotensive persons. Its presence in hypertensive patients is associated with an increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Echocardiography is mor...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heel pain is a common presenting symptom in ambulatory clinics. There are many causes, but a mechanical etiology is most common. Location of pain can be a guide to the proper diagnosis. The most common diagnosis is plantar fasciitis, a condition that leads to medial plantar heel pain, especially with the first weight-...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Immediate attention must be given to the respiratory system of the heroin abuser; then he should be given naloxone HCl. Search for evidence of use of additional drugs, which may compound problems. Pulmonary edema, aspiration pneumonia and pulmonary embolization are the most common complications. Infections, particular...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dorsal penile nerve block with lidocaine is safe and effective for reducing the pain associated with newborn circumcision. Administering the anesthesia adds little time or expense to the overall routine. Complications are minor, limited to local bleeding and hematoma formation. Family physicians performing circumcisio...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stridor is a sign of upper airway obstruction. In children, laryngomalacia is the most common cause of chronic stridor, while croup is the most common cause of acute stridor. Generally, an inspiratory stridor suggests airway obstruction above the glottis while an expiratory stridor is indicative of obstruction in the ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Common superficial oral lesions include candidiasis, recurrent herpes labialis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, erythema migrans, hairy tongue, and lichen planus. Recognition and diagnosis require taking a thorough history and performing a complete oral examination. Knowledge of clinical characteristics such as size, l...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2007-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides oralis are predominant anaerobes in orofacial infections and aspiration pneumonia. Fusobacterium species are common pathogens in aspiration pneumonia, brain abscesses and orofacial infections. Clostridium perfringens can cause bacteremia and wound infections. Clostridium bot...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process of identifying and evaluating the common causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy changes as the pregnancy progresses to term. The most common identifiable causes of vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy include spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy. Pelvic ultrasound and quantitative beta-human ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes zoster ("shingles") is usually a benign, self-limited disease. However, it can be debilitating or even fatal. The potentially serious complications of ocular involvement or postherpetic neuralgia and the confusing therapeutic regimens that are often advocated make this a complicated subject. Dissemination is mo...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite an 80 to 90 percent success rate in removing common bile duct stones, this technique has yet to receive universal acceptance in the United States. Originally developed for retained or newly formed common bile duct stones in patients with previous cholecystectomy, the procedure is now also used to remove common...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although falls are a common cause of injury in older persons, they are not just a normal part of the aging process. The American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society recommend that all adults older than 65 years be screened annually for a history of falls or balance impairment. An individualized risk asse...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemolytic anemias usually present with persistent reticulocytosis, a characteristic that differentiates them from other types of anemia. Once the presence of a hemolytic process has been documented, simple observation of red blood cell morphology will yield important etiologic information. Hemolysis may result from in...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Healing by primary intention is a threefold process, consisting of an initial phase in which red and white blood cells bind the wound; epithelialization and fibroplasia, and a maturation phase involving collagen synthesis. The appearance of the wound reflects its maturation. Skillful wound management is based on biolo...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital hearing loss is estimated to affect one in every 1,000 newborns. Causes of hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, mixed, or central. Known risk factors for congenital hearing loss include cytomegalovirus infection and premature birth necessitating a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit. However,...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute bronchitis is one of the top 10 conditions for which patients seek medical care. Physicians show considerable variability in describing the signs and symptoms necessary to its diagnosis. Because acute bronchitis most often has a viral cause, symptomatic treatment with protussives, antitussives, or bronchodilator...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2002-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Excessive sweating from the palms and soles, known as palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, affects both children and adults. Diagnosis of this potentially embarrassing and socially disabling condition is based on the patient's history and visible signs of sweating. The condition usually is idiopathic. Treatment remains a chall...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abdominal aortic aneurysms occur in 5 to 7 percent of people over age 60 in the United States. An aneurysm is defined as a permanent localized dilatation of an artery, with an increase in diameter of greater than 1.5 times its normal diameter. Abdominal aortic aneurysms may be manifested by catastrophic rupture, signs...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Proteinuria is a common laboratory finding in children. It can be identified as either a transient or a persistent finding and can represent a benign condition or a serious disease. A rapid but qualitative assessment of proteinuria can be made using dipstick or sulfosalicylic acid methods. More precise quantitation is...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of syphilis is increasing, predominantly among urban heterosexuals. Early recognition is important in preventing progression of the disease and transmission of Treponema pallidum to the fetus. Untreated primary syphilis is characterized by intervals of active disease punctuated by periods of latency. Not...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic masses of the neck may represent thyroid, parathyroid, thyroglossal duct or branchial cleft cysts. Analysis of the cyst fluid may establish the etiology. Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone can be found in parathyroid cysts without concomitant hyperparathyroidism. A high concentration of cholesterol without ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients require sedation during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Ideally, procedural sedation minimizes the patient's awareness and discomfort while maintaining the patient's safety. Appropriate monitoring by trained personnel is the key to successful procedural sedation. These techniques should be used onl...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ectopic pregnancy occurs at a rate of 19.7 cases per 1,000 pregnancies in North America and is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. Greater awareness of risk factors and improved technology (biochemical markers and ultrasonography) allow ectopic pregnancy to be identified before the developmen...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Health care-associated infections cause approximately 75,000 deaths annually, in addition to increasing morbidity and costs. Over the past decade, a downward trend in health care-associated infections has occurred nationwide. Basic prevention measures include administrative support, educating health care personnel, an...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary angioplasty is an accepted method of revascularization in selected patients with coronary artery disease. Immediately after a successful angioplasty, initial management concentrates on the detection and treatment of coronary artery spasm and acute vessel closure, should these complications occur. Once the pat...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strenuous exercise may cause menstrual abnormalities, including amenorrhea. The hypoestrogenemia that accompanies amenorrhea has been associated with a low bone mineral content and an increased incidence of stress fractures. With the resumption of menses, which usually occurs soon after female athletes decrease the in...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone loss coincides with the reduced physical activity of both sexes in later years, vigorously aggravated by age-associated hormonal changes in women and chronic inadequate intake of calcium. In the absence of preventive dietary measures, osteoporosis may become a major health problem for America's fastgrowing senior...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) may be measured in the office or at home with an inexpensive, hand-held meter. Measurement of the PEFR provides a rapid, objective means of diagnosing and monitoring asthma. Use of the peak flow meter permits early detection of deteriorating function, allowing timely institution of...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients expect to undergo screening tests for cancer. In evaluating screening procedures, physicians must take into account the known effects of lead time, length and screening biases, all of which can result in an overestimation of the benefits of screening. The gold standard by which a screening test is evalua...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although amenorrhea may result from a number of different conditions, a systematic evaluation including a detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory assessment of selected serum hormone levels can usually identify the underlying cause. Primary amenorrhea, which by definition is failure to reach menarche, i...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adopted children are emotionally vulnerable. Adoptive parents must cope with more complex problems than biologic parents. The family physician can provide valuable counseling. Preadoption counseling focuses on motivation and ambivalence. After adoption, however, serious, sometimes predictable, issues arise, such as: h...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00