Abstract：
:Pharmacologic agents that attenuate the influence of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are known to reduce systemic arterial blood pressure through vasodilatory action and enhanced renal clearance of sodium and water. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are known to antagonize the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system through their ability to inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. A new class of antihypertensive agents, angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, has recently been developed. These agents specifically block the receptor for angiotensin II, thereby limiting angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction and reducing aldosterone secretion. These effects result in a reduction in systemic arterial blood pressure through reduced vascular tone and enhanced sodium and water clearance. Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of these agents in reducing blood pressure. These new antihypertensive agents also have uricosuric actions and are well tolerated, with a low incidence of cough and angioedema, side effects that are seen with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Clinical trials are underway to see if these drugs will be useful in the treatment of diseases other than hypertension, such as congestive heart failure and chronic renal disease.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Weir MRsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-02-01 00:00:00pages
589-94issue
2eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
53pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Melanoma is an increasingly common malignancy, and it affects a younger population than most cancers. Risk factors for melanoma include white race, sun sensitivity, family history of melanoma, and melanocytic nevi. Sunburn and intermittent sun exposure appear to increase the risk of developing melanoma. The role of po...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Colonic angiodysplasia is now recognized as a frequent cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients over age 55. These microvascular arteriovenous malformations may be as common a cause of colonic bleeding as diverticular disease. The lesions are not evident on barium studies. Even colonoscopy and selective colonic ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Life-threatening dermatologic conditions include Rocky Mountain spotted fever; necrotizing fasciitis; toxic epidermal necrolysis; and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the most common rickettsial disease in the United States, with an overall mortality rate of 5 to 10 percent. Classic symptoms i...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many cases, the family physician will set the tone for rehabilitation of the stroke patient. It is imperative that the physician understand the recovery process, as well as the nature, benefits and limitations of rehabilitation. Since there are no precise predictors of individual outcome, no patient should be exclu...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The status of the fibula is an index of the severity of injury. Open tibial fracture with associated fractured fibula is more likely to develop complications. Antibiotics should be started promptly. Judicious debridement is essential but bone fragments should be left whenever possible. When there is any question about...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The differential diagnosis of eyelid erythema and edema is broad, ranging from benign, self-limiting dermatoses to malignant tumors and vision-threatening infections. A definitive diagnosis usually can be made on physical examination of the eyelid and a careful evaluation of symptoms and exposures. The finding of a sw...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Middle ear fluid is a common problem in children. Eustachian tube dysfunction has been considered the key to the pathogenesis of this disorder, but new studies show that other factors may be operative. Inflammation appears to play a significant role in high-viscosity effusion, and these effusions may be related to acu...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Superficial bursitis most often occurs in the olecranon and prepatellar bursae. Less common locations are the superficial infrapatellar and subcutaneous (superficial) calcaneal bursae. Chronic microtrauma (e.g., kneeling on the prepatellar bursa) is the most common cause of superficial bursitis. Other causes include a...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2017-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Ectopic pregnancy affects 1% to 2% of all pregnancies and is responsible for 9% of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. When a pregnant patient presents with first-trimester bleeding or abdominal pain, physicians should consider ectopic pregnancy as a possible cause. The patient history, physical examination...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cirrhosis is a diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and the conversion of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. The modified Child-Pugh score, which ranks the severity of cirrhosis based on signs and liver function test results, has been shown to predict survival. Strategies have been esta...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Pressure sore are caused by multiple mechanisms. Preventive management requires relief of pressure, skin care, control of spasms, release of contractures and treatment of infection. Conservative treatment succeeds only when pressure on the ulcer site is relieved. Surgical treatment involves primary, secondary and tert...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus and subacute and acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus are associated with distinct cutaneous manifestations, and each disease has a particular clinical course and prognosis. Dermatomyositis, an immune-mediated disorder of unknown etiology that is often...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In patients with dangerously elevated diastolic blood pressures, the titrated intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside usually reduces blood pressure to near-normal levels in less than an hour. This rapid reduction of pressure is well tolerated by hypertensive patients and probably diminishes the morbidity f...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health promotion activities benefit the elderly as much as they benefit younger persons. Motor vehicle accident and pedestrian injuries can be reduced by encouraging seat belt use and identifying unsafe drivers. Both medical and environmental factors should be considered in the prevention of falls in the elderly. All ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Common superficial oral lesions include candidiasis, recurrent herpes labialis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, erythema migrans, hairy tongue, and lichen planus. Recognition and diagnosis require taking a thorough history and performing a complete oral examination. Knowledge of clinical characteristics such as size, l...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Although often used in the medical management of anxiety, insomnia, seizures and muscle spasm, benzodiazepines lead to significant complications after continuous use. These complications include tolerance, addiction, dependence and abuse. Knowledge of the diagnostic criteria and treatment of side effects improves the ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cystic masses of the neck may represent thyroid, parathyroid, thyroglossal duct or branchial cleft cysts. Analysis of the cyst fluid may establish the etiology. Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone can be found in parathyroid cysts without concomitant hyperparathyroidism. A high concentration of cholesterol without ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Food and Drug Administration has recommended that blood donated for transfusion in the United States be screened for antibodies to human T lymphotropic virus type I. Since seropositive donors will be referred to health care providers for advice, physicians should become familiar with HTLV-I, its modes of transmiss...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of kidney disease. Enlarging cysts within the kidneys are the clinical hallmark of the disease. Renal manifestations include varying degrees of kidney injury, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and hematuria. Extrarenal manif...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synovial osteochondromatosis is a benign disorder in which cartilaginous loose bodies develop about the large joints, usually the knee. It is caused by synovial metaplasia of unknown etiology. Symptoms are due either to mechanical problems caused by the loose bodies or to the degenerative arthritis that usually follow...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stridor is a sign of upper airway obstruction. In children, laryngomalacia is the most common cause of chronic stridor, while croup is the most common cause of acute stridor. Generally, an inspiratory stridor suggests airway obstruction above the glottis while an expiratory stridor is indicative of obstruction in the ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:An educational dialog founded on open communication between clinician and patient is necessary for a successful partnership in asthma care. Educating patients in self-management of asthma has become a major challenge in primary care practice. The process should begin at the time of diagnosis and should be integrated i...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inguinal and femoral hernias are the most common conditions for which primary care physicians refer patients for surgical management. Hernias usually present as swelling accompanied by pain or a dragging sensation in the groin. Most hernias can be diagnosed based on the history and clinical examination, but ultrasonog...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteinuria is a common laboratory finding in children. It can be identified as either a transient or a persistent finding and can represent a benign condition or a serious disease. A rapid but qualitative assessment of proteinuria can be made using dipstick or sulfosalicylic acid methods. More precise quantitation is...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs when the varicella-zoster virus is reactivated in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus represents up to one fourth of all cases of herpes zoster. Most patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus present with a periorbital vesicular rash distributed ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than 30% of U.S. adults report having experienced low back pain within the preceding three months. Although most low back pain is nonspecific and self-limiting, a subset of patients develop chronic low back pain, defined as persistent symptoms for longer than three months. Low back pain is categorized as nonspeci...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Substantial advances have been made in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Mesalamine and olsalazine are new anti-inflammatory agents that may serve as alternatives to corticosteroids and sulfasalazine, which have been the mainstays of medical therapy. These new agents are available in oral, enema and suppos...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlamydial cervicitis has the potential for serious gynecologic complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. In the pregnant patient, this infection is associated with premature rupture of membranes and increased fetal morbidity and mortality. In addition, infants infected b...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastroesophageal reflux is defined as the passage of stomach contents into the esophagus with or without accompanied regurgitation (spitting up) and vomiting. It is a normal physiologic process that occurs throughout the day in infants and less often in children and adolescents. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,病人教育讲义
doi：
更新日期：2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis, an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is characterized pathologically by demyelination and subsequent axonal degeneration. The disease commonly presents in young adults and affects twice as many women as men. Common presenting symptoms include numbness, weakness, visual ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-11-15 00:00:00
