Abstract:
:Pregnant women commonly use over-the-counter medications. Although most over-the-counter drugs have an excellent safety profile, some have unproven safety or are known to adversely affect the fetus. The safety profile of some medications may change according to the gestational age of the fetus. Because an estimated 10 percent or more of birth defects result from maternal drug exposure, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has assigned a risk category to each drug. Many drugs have not been evaluated in controlled trials and probably will not be because of ethical considerations. Of the commonly used over-the-counter medications, acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine, kaolin and pectin preparations, and most antacids have a good safety record. Other drugs, such as histamine H2-receptor blockers, pseudoephedrine, and atropine/diphenoxylate should be used with caution. If use of smoking cessation products is desired, the intermediate-release preparations minimize the amount of nicotine while maintaining efficacy. With all over-the-counter medications used during pregnancy, the benefit of the drug should outweigh the risk to the fetus.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Black RA,Hill DAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-06-15 00:00:00pages
2517-24issue
12eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
67pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Worry is a normal response to uncertainty. Education, empathetic support, reassurance, and passage of time usually ameliorate ordinary worries. However, these common-sense strategies for dealing with transient worries often prove ineffective for patients with excessive worry, many of whom meet the criteria for disorde...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Food and Drug Administration has recommended that blood donated for transfusion in the United States be screened for antibodies to human T lymphotropic virus type I. Since seropositive donors will be referred to health care providers for advice, physicians should become familiar with HTLV-I, its modes of transmiss...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disorders of puberty can profoundly impact physical and psychosocial well-being. Precocious puberty is pubertal onset before eight years of age in girls and before nine years of age in boys. Patients with early isolated pubertal changes, prepubertal linear growth, and no worrisome neurologic symptoms typically have a ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health literacy includes a set of skills needed to make appropriate health decisions and successfully navigate the health care system. These skills include reading, writing, numeracy, communication, and, increasingly, the use of electronic technology. National data indicate that more than one-third of U.S. adults have...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2015-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Traveler's diarrhea is the most common health problem in persons who visit developing countries. Dietary precautions are the mainstay of prevention. Since bacteria are responsible for 50 to 80 percent of cases of traveler's diarrhea, antibiotics are the drugs of choice for empiric therapy. Because bacteria are becomin...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hoarseness is the term often used by patients to describe changes in their voice quality. The causes of hoarseness are determined after obtaining a detailed medical history of the circumstances preceding the onset of hoarseness and performing a thorough physical examination. The latter may include visualization of the...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptic ulcer disease is strongly associated with infection by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped, flagellated organism found predominantly in the gastric antrum. More than 90 percent of duodenal ulcers and adenocarcinomas of the distal stomach are associated with H. pylori infection. Eradication of the organism effe...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper suturing technique is essential for obtaining good cosmetic results and avoiding infection, scarring and poor wound healing. Techniques that must be mastered include good eversion of skin edges, avoiding suture marks, maintaining uniform tensile strength along the skin edges and precise approximation of skin ed...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although testicular cancer accounts for only 1 percent of all tumors in males, it is the most common malignancy in males between 15 and 34 years of age. Cryptorchidism is the most significant risk factor for testicular cancer, increasing the risk up to 11-fold. A painless testicular mass is the classic presentation fo...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00