Abstract：
:Postpartum hemorrhage, the loss of more than 500 mL of blood after delivery, occurs in up to 18 percent of births and is the most common maternal morbidity in developed countries. Although risk factors and preventive strategies are dearly documented, not all cases are expected or avoidable. Uterine atony is responsible for most cases and can be managed with uterine massage in conjunction with oxytocin, prostaglandins, and ergot alkaloids. Retained placenta is a less common cause and requires examination of the placenta, exploration of the uterine cavity, and manual removal of retained tissue. Rarely, an invasive placenta causes postpartum hemorrhage and may require surgical management. Traumatic causes include lacerations, uterine rupture, and uterine inversion. Coagulopathies require dotting factor replacement for the identified deficiency. Early recognition, systematic evaluation and treatment, and prompt fluid resuscitation minimize the potentially serious outcomes associated with postpartum hemorrhage.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Anderson JM,Etches Dsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-03-15 00:00:00pages
875-82issue
6eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The family physician is in a unique position to care for the total needs of the patient. Suggestion therapy and clinical hypnosis are helpful in managing the psychologic aspects of disease in all age groups beyond five years, and are well within the purview of family physicians. Learning these techniques can enhance t...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Papanicolaou smear is a well-established component of preventive health protocols for women. The purpose of this screening tool is to detect precursor lesions of invasive cervical carcinoma; however, the natural progression of these lesions is unclear, and it currently is not possible to determine which of the man...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An educational dialog founded on open communication between clinician and patient is necessary for a successful partnership in asthma care. Educating patients in self-management of asthma has become a major challenge in primary care practice. The process should begin at the time of diagnosis and should be integrated i...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent innovations in medical technology have changed newborn screening programs in the United States. The widespread use of tandem mass spectrometry is helping to identify more inborn errors of metabolism. Primary care physicians often are the first to be contacted by state and reference laboratories when neonatal sc...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knee osteoarthritis is a common disabling condition that affects more than one-third of persons older than 65 years. Exercise, weight loss, physical therapy, intra-articular corticosteroid injections, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and braces or heel wedges decrease pain and improve function. Acet...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parathyroid hyperplasia is second only to adenoma as the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism. Symptoms are most likely to result from elevated serum calcium levels. Symptoms include nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Studies that may help confirm a suspected diagnosis include ultrasonography, computed tomograp...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gas, bloating, and belching are associated with a variety of conditions but are most commonly caused by functional gastrointestinal disorders. These disorders are characterized by disordered motility and visceral hypersensitivity that are often worsened by psychological distress. An organized approach to the evaluatio...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute renal failure occurs in 5 percent of hospitalized patients. Etiologically, this common condition can be categorized as prerenal, intrinsic or postrenal. Most patients have prerenal acute renal failure or acute tubular necrosis (a type of intrinsic acute renal failure that is usually caused by ischemia or toxins)...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The differential diagnosis of eyelid erythema and edema is broad, ranging from benign, self-limiting dermatoses to malignant tumors and vision-threatening infections. A definitive diagnosis usually can be made on physical examination of the eyelid and a careful evaluation of symptoms and exposures. The finding of a sw...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The hallmark of agoraphobia is the spontaneous panic attack, a reaction of extreme fearfulness and impending doom with cardiorespiratory symptoms. The end result can be a patient who is housebound. The basic therapeutic principle is confrontation with the avoided object or activity. Controlled clinical experiments dem...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a life-threatening complication of diseases and therapies associated with immunosuppression. Approximately 80 percent of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome will develop pneumocystis pneumonia. Diagnosis is important, because effective therapy is available. In most cases,...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Family physicians can effectively help their patients stop smoking by using brief intervention and simple office organizational procedures. Intervention involves asking all patients about smoking, advising smokers to stop, assisting with self-help materials, establishing a date for quitting, possibly prescribing nicot...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benign pulmonary neoplasms are relatively uncommon. The symptoms vary, depending on the location of the tumor. Specific diagnosis can be a time-consuming process and requires an orderly plan. Polytomography or computed tomographic scan, bronchoscopy, percutaneous biopsy or thoracotomy may be required. Tissue diagnosis...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Menière's disease may be the underlying cause of dizziness, which is a common presenting complaint. This disease is differentiated from other causes of dizziness by its classic constellation of four symptoms; dizziness characterized as episodic spinning or whirling vertigo; fluctuating, low-frequency sensorineural hea...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is a minimally invasive imaging technique designed to evaluate patients for suspected coronary artery disease. It is usually performed in conjunction with stress ECG testing. It can accurately determine the presence and extent of coronary artery disease and help determine whether cardiac catheterization is necess...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Use of performance-enhancing supplements occurs at all levels of sports, from professional athletes to junior high school students. Although some supplements do enhance athletic performance, many have no proven benefits and have serious adverse effects. Anabolic steroids and ephedrine have life-threatening adverse eff...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allergies may cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting and pain, dermatologic manifestations, asthma and rhinitis. The most common offender among the foodstuffs is milk. Elimination diets are designed not only to remove the offending food but to identify it and to prevent new sensitizations. Canker s...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic reaction, normally occurring within one to two hours of exposure to an allergen. The incidence of anaphylaxis in the United States is 2.1 per 1,000 person-years. Most anaphylactic reactions occur outside the hospital setting. Urticaria, difficulty breathing, and mucosal swell...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Myasthenia gravis is a disorder that most commonly affects young adults but occasionally appears in the elderly. Muscle weakness and easy fatigability, particularly of the ocular muscles, are characteristic. Diagnosis is confirmed by electromyography and the edrophonium (Tensilon) test. The pathology results from inab...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pressure sore are caused by multiple mechanisms. Preventive management requires relief of pressure, skin care, control of spasms, release of contractures and treatment of infection. Conservative treatment succeeds only when pressure on the ulcer site is relieved. Surgical treatment involves primary, secondary and tert...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microscopic hematuria, a common finding on routine urinalysis of adults, is clinically significant when three to five red blood cells per high-power field are visible. Etiologies of microscopic hematuria range from incidental causes to life-threatening urinary tract neoplasm. The lack of evidence-based imaging guideli...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteinuria is a common laboratory finding in children. It can be identified as either a transient or a persistent finding and can represent a benign condition or a serious disease. A rapid but qualitative assessment of proteinuria can be made using dipstick or sulfosalicylic acid methods. More precise quantitation is...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endometriosis is a progressive disease affecting 5 to 10 percent of women. It can cause dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, low back pain and infertility. A definitive diagnosis can be made only by means of laparoscopy. Medical treatment designed to interfere with ovulation generally provides effective pain relief, but the rec...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Excessive sweating from the palms and soles, known as palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, affects both children and adults. Diagnosis of this potentially embarrassing and socially disabling condition is based on the patient's history and visible signs of sweating. The condition usually is idiopathic. Treatment remains a chall...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease in the United States, affecting up to 30% of adults. There are two forms of NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), defined as 5% or greater hepatic steatosis without hepatocellular injury or fibrosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (N...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2020-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Many patients require sedation during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Ideally, procedural sedation minimizes the patient's awareness and discomfort while maintaining the patient's safety. Appropriate monitoring by trained personnel is the key to successful procedural sedation. These techniques should be used onl...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amputated or devascularized digits should be appropriately cooled as quickly as possible. The injured extremity is dressed, splinted and elevated. Careful selection of patients for replantation has yielded satisfying results to both patients and surgeons. Replantation is indicated for a thumb or multiple-digit amputat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When first seen, the overtranquilized patient may already be in withdrawal, may have other medical problems or may be seeking psychiatric help. The patient may, however, be primarily interested in obtaining more medication. Abuse and withdrawal of sedatives, tranquilizers, narcotics or alcohol, or a combination of the...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with type 2 diabetes (formerly known as non-insulin-resistant diabetes) have a significantly increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Once clinical cardiovascular disease develops, these patients have a poorer prognosis than normoglycemic patients. By inducing endothelial changes, hyperglycemia co...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Home monitoring of blood glucose and blood pressure levels can provide patients and physicians with valuable information in the management of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Home monitoring allows patients to play an active role in their care and may improve treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. Glucose meter...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-07-15 00:00:00
