Abstract：
:Gallstone disease is a major health problem in the United States and in most Western countries. During the past century, cholecystectomy has been the treatment of choice. Recently, new modalities of treatment have been developed, including oral dissolution therapy, extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, percutaneous transhepatic cholecystolitholysis using methyl tert-butyl ether, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In selected patients, these new options have been successful in the treatment of gallstones.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Farha GJ,Beamer RLsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-10-01 00:00:00pages
1295-304issue
4eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Nephrolithiasis is a rare but important condition in pregnant women. The most common presenting complaint is flank pain. Recurrent or persistent urinary tract infections may also be due to nephrolithiasis. Ultrasound is the first-line diagnostic study, but a limited intravenous pyelogram can be obtained when indicated...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin laceration repair is an important skill in family medicine. Sutures, tissue adhesives, staples, and skin-closure tapes are options in the outpatient setting. Physicians should be familiar with various suturing techniques, including simple, running, and half-buried mattress (corner) sutures. Although suturing is t...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripartum depression affects up to one in seven women and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity if untreated. A history of depression is the strongest risk factor for developing peripartum depression. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening pregnant and postpartum women f...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:External hemorrhoids represent distended vascular tissue in the anal canal distal to the dentate line. Persons with thrombosed external hemorrhoids usually present with pain on standing, sitting or defecating. Acutely tender, thrombosed external hemorrhoids can be surgically removed if encountered within the first 72 ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic spinal injuries are a major health problem. Any accident victim suspected of having a spinal injury must be immobilized immediately to prevent further damage to the spine. Management is directed toward achieving the most favorable environment for spinal cord recovery. This includes maintaining adequate oxyge...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acute and chronic effects of alcohol on bone, muscle and peripheral nerves are not well appreciated. Bone complications include traumatic fractures, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. In muscle, a sustained bout of heavy drinking may cause rhabdomyolysis, while chronic alcohol abuse may produce proximal myopathy. In ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the more commonly used herbal supplements. Although often consumed for culinary purposes, it is taken by many patients to treat a variety of conditions. Ginger has been shown to be effective for pregnancy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting. There is less evidence to su...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All major health organizations recommend breastfeeding as the optimal source of infant nutrition, with exclusive breastfeeding recommended for the first six months of life. After six months, complementary foods may be introduced. Most organizations recommend breastfeeding for at least one year, and the World Health Or...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2018-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This common fracture most frequently affects young males. In most cases, the fracture is found on initial examination. Occasionally, it is missed on the initial radiographic evaluation but becomes apparent on follow-up films. Although most scaphoid fractures respond to conservative therapy, some fail to heal. Nonunion...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a syndrome in which multiple symptoms reportedly occur with low-level chemical exposure. Several theories have been advanced to explain the cause of MCS, including allergy, toxic effects and neurobiologic sensitization. There is insufficient scientific evidence to confirm a relat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physician needs to know the signs, symptoms and recommended treatments of drug overdoses. Overdose of hallucinogens usually does not require drug therapy. Overdose of amphetamines ("uppers") may be complicated by the presence of PCP, a dissociative substance. It is important for the physician to be familiar with t...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urine drug screening can enhance workplace safety, monitor medication compliance, and detect drug abuse. Ordering and interpreting these tests requires an understanding of testing modalities, detection times for specific drugs, and common explanations for false-positive and false-negative results. Employment screening...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In patients with dangerously elevated diastolic blood pressures, the titrated intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside usually reduces blood pressure to near-normal levels in less than an hour. This rapid reduction of pressure is well tolerated by hypertensive patients and probably diminishes the morbidity f...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemic heart disease is one of the most common disorders managed by family physicians. Stratifying patients according to risk is important early in the course of the disease to identify patients who require invasive (percutaneous or surgical) treatment. Physical examination, clinical history, noninvasive tests and a...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tremor, an involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movement of a body part, is the most common movement disorder encountered in clinical practice. Rest tremors occur in a body part that is relaxed and completely supported against gravity. Action tremors occur with voluntary contraction of a muscle and can be further subdiv...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Abdominal aortic aneurysms occur in 5 to 7 percent of people over age 60 in the United States. An aneurysm is defined as a permanent localized dilatation of an artery, with an increase in diameter of greater than 1.5 times its normal diameter. Abdominal aortic aneurysms may be manifested by catastrophic rupture, signs...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a commonly performed procedure for the removal of symptomatic gallstones. Compared with open cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with less postoperative pain, earlier discharge from the hospital and a more rapid recovery. However, there are specific contraindicat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Appropriate dosage of levothyroxine for the treatment of hypothyroidism is assessed by determining the serum thyroxine (T4) concentration in secondary and tertiary types. In primary hypothyroidism, the optimal thyroid replacement is that which induces a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone level and a normal TSH respons...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adverse effects of hormonal contraceptives usually diminish with continued use of the same method. Often, physi- cians only need to reassure patients that these symptoms will likely resolve within three to five months. Long-acting injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is the only hormonal contraceptive that is ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Historically, osteopathic physicians have made an important contribution to the primary care workforce. More than one half of osteopathic physicians are primary care physicians, and most of these are family physicians. However, the proportion of osteopathic students choosing family medicine, like that of their allopat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Concussion is the most common head injury in sports. The injury ranges from a simple "ding" to prolonged loss of consciousness with amnesia. Proper grading of the severity of the injury is necessary to establish a protocol for deciding when to allow an athlete to return to his or her sport. This approach to concussion...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Appropriate preconception health care improves pregnancy outcomes. When started at least one month before conception, folic acid supplements can prevent neural tube defects. Targeted genetic screening and counseling should be offered on the basis of age, ethnic background, or family history. Before conception, women s...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Minor neurologic signs or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) precede stroke in 50 percent of patients. In men, antiplatelet therapy decreases the risk of recurrent TIA and stroke. Carotid endarterectomy for TIA is now one of the most commonly performed vascular operations. Preoperatively, the arterial anatomy of the pa...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alopecia can be divided into disorders in which the hair follicle is normal but the cycling of hair growth is abnormal and disorders in which the hair follicle is damaged. Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss in women. Other disorders include alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, cicatricial alope...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic bladder catheterization is the treatment of last resort for incontinence. Urinary infection is a normal state in these patients. It should be treated only when there are signs of systemic illness. Accumulations of encrusted debris cause urinary leakage. This problem can be lessened by using silicone catheters ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Croup is a common illness responsible for up to 15 percent of emergency department visits due to respiratory disease in children in the United States. Croup symptoms usually start like an upper respiratory tract infection, with low-grade fever and coryza followed by a barking cough and various degrees of respiratory d...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fulguration of polyps, rectal biopsy and the Barron method of removing hemorrhoids require no anesthesia. Anal fissures, warts, small fistulas and hemorrhoids can be removed with a minimal amount of anesthesia. Pilonidal cysts or abscesses can also be incised and drained in this manner. Extensive fistulas, unusually l...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suicide attempts by drug overdose are a growing health care problem, now reaching epidemic proportions. The patient who attempts suicide is typically a young, single adult female with interpersonal conflicts who takes an overdose of a prescribed drug, frequently a benzodiazepine. Patients who have recently been separa...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A biopsychosocial theory and approach to drug-seeking behavior suggests new questions for the family physician to ask his patient when psychotropic drugs are being considered. The theory and rational guidelines for prescribing allow the physician to make more appropriate decisions when faced with difficult situations....
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The herbal remedies referred to as "ginseng" are derived from the roots of several plants. One of the most commonly used and researched of the ginsengs is Panax ginseng, also called Asian or Korean ginseng. The main active components of Panax ginseng are ginsenosides, which have been shown to have a variety of benefic...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00
