Abstract：
:Croup is a common illness responsible for up to 15 percent of emergency department visits due to respiratory disease in children in the United States. Croup symptoms usually start like an upper respiratory tract infection, with low-grade fever and coryza followed by a barking cough and various degrees of respiratory distress. In most children, the symptoms subside quickly with resolution of the cough within two days. Croup is often caused by viruses, with parainfluenza virus (types 1 to 3) as the most common. However, physicians should consider other diagnoses, including bacterial tracheitis, epiglottitis, foreign body aspiration, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, and angioedema. Humidification therapy has not been proven beneficial. A single dose of dexamethasone (0.15 to 0.60 mg per kg usually given orally) is recommended in all patients with croup, including those with mild disease. Nebulized epinephrine is an accepted treatment in patients with moderate to severe croup. Most episodes of croup are mild, with only 1 to 8 percent of patients with croup requiring hospital admission and less than 3 percent of admitted patients requiring intubation.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Zoorob R,Sidani M,Murray Jsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-01 00:00:00pages
1067-73issue
9eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650pii
d8817journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Injuries to the head and neck are common in sports. Sideline physicians must be attentive and prepared with an organized approach to detect and manage these injuries. Because head and neck injuries often occur simultaneously, the sideline physician can combine the head and neck evaluations. When assessing a conscious ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The Papanicolaou smear is a well-established component of preventive health protocols for women. The purpose of this screening tool is to detect precursor lesions of invasive cervical carcinoma; however, the natural progression of these lesions is unclear, and it currently is not possible to determine which of the man...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of Lyme disease is increasing, and the disease is spreading geographically. Prompt diagnosis requires recognition of characteristic signs and symptoms of infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. In more than half of cases, erythema migrans is the earliest sign of Lyme disease. Although less fr...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Improved hand function after injury or disease is achieved by increasing joint mobility, muscle strength and coordination, while reducing edema and pain. Static and dynamic orthoses assist in correcting deformities, provide strengthening activities and maintain a functional hand position. Many orthotic appliances are ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Henoch-Schönlein purpura is an acute, systemic, immune complex-mediated, leukocytoclastic vasculitis. It is characterized by a triad of palpable purpura (without thrombocytopenia), abdominal pain, and arthritis. Most patients have an antecedent upper respiratory illness. More than 90 percent of Henoch-Schönlein purpur...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction describes the narrowing of the airway that occurs with exercise. More than 10 percent of the general population and up to 90 percent of persons previously diagnosed with asthma have exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Common symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and chest tightnes...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Children six months to four years of age are at greatest risk for aspiration of foreign bodies. A history of coughing after contact with small objects is the most important clue. The clinical presentation varies from paroxysms of choking and coughing to chronic cough or wheezing. Chest radiographs are normal in up to ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injuries from power lawnmowers most frequently involve the toes or the foot. The most common injury is caused by an extremity being caught in the moving parts of the machine. The greatest injury is to the skin and soft tissue by degloving or avulsion. Most of these injuries, especially those which occur to children wh...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic pancreatitis is the progressive and permanent destruction of the pancreas resulting in exocrine and endocrine insufficiency and, often, chronic disabling pain. The etiology is multifactorial. Alcoholism plays a significant role in adults, whereas genetic and structural defects predominate in children. The aver...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Burns are the second most common cause of death in childhood. More than half of pediatric burns are partial-thickness scald burns; the majority occur in the kitchen. Generally, minor burns may be treated on an outpatient basis, while moderate burns are treated in a community hospital. Children with major burns should ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The head and neck contain a number of spaces that can be invaded by organisms of the mouth or by spread of cervical osteomyelitis. Infection in these spaces may progress from superficial infection to cellulitis to the formation of an abscess requiring immediate drainage. Spread of infection between spaces depends on a...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, when properly planned and performed, are both practical and sensitive in determining the status of cell-mediated immunity. They can be diagnostic of specific exposure, such as tuberculosis, or they can rule out anergy. Pitfalls include poor selection of antigens, inappropriate appl...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adverse publicity about nursing homes increases the anguish of many people as they face the decision of placing a loved one in a nursing home. It is true that there are shortcomings in some nursing homes: poorly trained staff, unesthetic environment, little privacy, few activities and loss of identity. Nevertheless, i...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A throat culture is necessary for accurate diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. The use of penicillin therapy in every patient with sore throat results in overtreatment of 85 percent of children and 95 percent of adults presenting to family physicians with the complaint of sore throat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem that can be troubling for children and their families. Recent studies indicate that nocturnal enuresis is best regarded as a group of conditions with different etiologies. A genetic component is likely in many affected children. Research also indicates the possibility of two subt...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tick-borne diseases in the United States include Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, tularemia, babesiosis, Colorado tick fever, and relapsing fever. It is important for family physicians to consider these illnesses when patients present with influenza-like symptoms. A petechial rash initially af...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation is the arrhythmia most commonly encountered in family practice. Serious complications can include congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and thromboembolism. Initial treatment is directed at controlling the ventricular rate, most often with a calcium channel blocker, a beta blocker, or di...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Disposable soft contact lenses are an alternative to conventional extended-wear lenses and provide an acceptable margin of safety and convenience for the wearer. The lenses are worn for one to two weeks and then discarded. Buildup of tear film deposits is minimized, and the need for cleaning and disinfecting solutions...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The report states that chronic rhinosinusitis is an evolving area of study and new information is being assessed on an ongoing basis. Debate continues about potential etiologies and associated conditions, pathophysiology, common inflammatory mediators, and whether or not most cases of chronic rhinosinusitis are associ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain encountered in the outpatient setting in adolescents and adults younger than 60 years. The incidence in the United States is between 3% and 6%. The cardinal feature of PFPS is pain in or around the anterior knee that intensifies...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Ectopic pregnancy affects 1% to 2% of all pregnancies and is responsible for 9% of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. When a pregnant patient presents with first-trimester bleeding or abdominal pain, physicians should consider ectopic pregnancy as a possible cause. The patient history, physical examination...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Postpartum hemorrhage, the loss of more than 500 mL of blood after delivery, occurs in up to 18 percent of births and is the most common maternal morbidity in developed countries. Although risk factors and preventive strategies are dearly documented, not all cases are expected or avoidable. Uterine atony is responsibl...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cirrhosis is a diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and the conversion of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. The modified Child-Pugh score, which ranks the severity of cirrhosis based on signs and liver function test results, has been shown to predict survival. Strategies have been esta...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Problems resulting from cold exposure can be successfully treated when a coordinated emergency medical transport system and appropriate equipment are available, as well as medical personnel knowledgeable in the management of frostbite and hypothermia. Clinical suspicion of these disorders is essential. Profoundly hypo...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Left ventricular hypertrophy is more common in hypertensive individuals than in normotensive persons. Its presence in hypertensive patients is associated with an increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Echocardiography is mor...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analgesic and sedative needs depend on the type of procedure, the child's age and the degree of cooperation from the child and parents. Local anesthesia, which may be administered subcutaneously or in topical gel form, generally is sufficient for common procedures such as lumbar puncture and laceration repair. Frequen...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:More women, men and children receive medical care each month in the offices of primary care physicians than any other professional setting. There is an urgent need for health policies that encourage further innovation and implementation ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The interrupted vertical and horizontal mattress suture techniques are two of the most commonly used skin closure methods. These mattress sutures promote wound edge eversion and less prominent scarring. Vertical and horizontal mattress sutures allow for skin edges to be closed under tension when wound edges have to be...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a benign inflammatory disease of salivary gland origin. Because of its clinical and histologic resemblance to squamous cell carcinoma, this disease must be recognized. The cause is unknown, but it may be related to oral trauma, tobacco use or inadequate blood supply. The lesion heals spo...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several effective and inexpensive over-the-counter treatments are available for minor but troubling foot problems. In most cases, one week of therapy with topical terbinafine is effective for interdigital tinea pedis. Treatment of plantar warts with 17 percent salicylic acid with lactic acid in a collodion base is as ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
